The development of the rat prefrontal cortex. Its size and development of connections with thalamus, spinal cord and other cortical areas.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
J M Kros
Publications and source records attributed to J M Kros.
Cardiac manifestations of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Three patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and different cardiac complications are reported. Myocardial involvement due to microvascular thrombosis and haemorrhages, pericardial effusion and non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis were found at autopsy. The importance of continuous cardiac monitoring in the treatment of these patients is emphasized.
Adult↗
Oligodendroglioma. A comparison of two grading systems.
In order to compare the grading system for oligodendrogliomas described by M.T. Smith (1983) with the conventional grading system according to Kernohan (1938), specimens from 72 patients were graded according to both systems, and survival times of the patients were compared. Survival rates decline in older patients. No interaction between the age of the patient and the degree of the tumor was found. No influence of localization of the tumor on survival was found. Similar to the system of Kernohan, the grading system of Smith distinguishes between only three groups of patients with significantly different survival times. In Smith's Grade A and Kernohan's Grade 1 the longest survivals are found; while in Smith's Grade D and Kernohan's Grade 4 the shortest survivals are found. Smith's Grades B and C as well as Kernohan's Grades 2 and 3 were intermediate with respect to the survival times of the patients and did not significantly differ from each other. With the independently significant features (cell density, pleomorphism, and necrosis) evaluated according to simple on-off scoring, and with the reduction from four grades to three, the grading system according to Smith would provide a simple and good, concise grading system for oligodendrogliomas of the brain.
Age Factors↗
Glial fibrillary acidic protein and its fragments discriminate astrocytoma from oligodendroglioma.
In the last few years it has been shown that anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, in contrast to anaplastic astrocytomas, are responsive to a three drug regimen chemotherapy. The histologic criteria for the discrimination between oligodendrogliomas and astrocytomas are subject to substantial interobserver variability, particularly in anaplastic and mixed gliomas. In the present study a two-dimensional electrophoresis technique (2-DE) has been applied to glioma samples in an attempt to discriminate the glioma subtypes. It was found that the presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) fragments distinguishes oligodendroglioma from astrocytoma. One-dimensional (1-DE) immunoblots were compared with immunohistologically stained tissue sections in which various GFAP-positive cell types were seen. It is concluded that 2-DE and 1-DE GFAP immunoblotting provide accurate information for the reliable discrimination of anaplastic astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas.
Astrocytoma↗
CHARGE association-related ocular pathology in a newborn with partial trisomy 19q and partial monosomy 21q, from a maternal translocation (19;21) (q13.1;q22.3).
We report a novel case of partial trisomy 19q and concomitant partial monosomy 21q, segregated from a maternal translocation (19;21) (q13.1;q22.3), identified by spectral karyotyping. Clinical examination revealed dysmorphic features of the face and limbs, cleft palate, bilateral colobomas with associated bilateral colobomatous optic nerve cysts, hearing loss, and a cardiac anomaly. At autopsy, the dysmorphic features and cleft palate were confirmed. The ocular histopathology is described in detail and the cardiac anomaly was further specified. The combination of phenotype features is diagnostic of the CHARGE (coloboma, heart malformation, atresia choanae, retarded growth and development, and/or CNS anomalies, genital hypoplasia, ear anomalies and/or deafness) association. This case also has some phenotypic features in common with previous cases of partial trisomy 19q. The importance of a complete autopsy in cases with multiple congenital anomalies and/or genetic abnormalities is emphasized. This will allow optimal genetic counseling and contribute to our understanding of developmental biology.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Tissue characterization using high wave number Raman spectroscopy.
Raman spectroscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool, enabling tissue identification and classification. Mostly, the so-called fingerprint (approximately 400-1800 cm(-1)) spectral region is used. In vivo application often requires small flexible fiber-optic probes, and is hindered by the intense Raman signal that is generated in the fused silica core of the fiber. This necessitates filtering of laser light, which is guided to the tissue, and of the scattered light collected from the tissue, leading to complex and expensive designs. Fused silica has no Raman signal in the high wave number region (2400-3800 cm(-1)). This enables the use of a single unfiltered fiber to guide laser light to the tissue and to collect scattered light in this spectral region. We show, by means of a comparison of in vitro Raman microspectroscopic maps of thin tissue sections (brain tumors, bladder), measured both in the high wave number region and in the fingerprint region, that essentially the same diagnostic information is obtained in the two wave number regions. This suggests that for many clinical applications the technological hurdle of designing and constructing suitable fiber-optic probes may be eliminated by using the high wave number region and a simple piece of standard optical fiber.
Animals↗