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Biomedical subjects

J M Kane

Publications and source records attributed to J M Kane.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Attitudinal changes of involuntarily committed patients following treatment.

Thirty-five involuntarily hospitalized psychiatric patients were interviewed immediately following admission and again prior to discharge to assess attitudinal changes and their relationship to patient characteristics and treatment outcome. The results indicate significant changes toward recognition of the original need for involuntary treatment. Those patients achieving remission of symptoms were most likely to have positive attitudes. Follow-up data indicate that the majority continued to receive outpatient treatment after the index episode, and among those readmissions that occurred, 92% were voluntary.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Low-dose neuroleptic treatment of outpatient schizophrenics. I. Preliminary results for relapse rates.

In an attempt to begin to establish minimum effective dosage requirements for the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia, we undertook a double-blind comparison of low-dose fluphenazine decanoate (1.25 to 5.0 mg/2 wk) with the standard-dose regimen (12.5 to 50.0 mg/2 wk) in outpatient schizophrenics. For the first 126 patients studied, cumulative relapse rates at one year for the low dose were 56% and for the standard dose 7%, a significant difference. Despite the fact that very little dyskinetic symptomatology developed in the sample as a whole, the low-dose treatment appeared to have a significant advantage in producing fewer early signs of tardive dyskinesia. Severity of relapse and total cumulative dosage were also considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Low dose medication strategies in the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia.

Research on strategies using low doses of neuroleptics in the long-term maintenance and/or prophylactic treatment of schizophrenia is reviewed. The evidence available from prospective controlled trials suggests that substantial dosage reduction is feasible for a subgroup of outpatient schizophrenics and that the incidence of abnormal involuntary movements might be reduced by such a strategy. In addition, lowering dosages may bring about some improvement in psychosocial adjustment. Further work is clearly needed to explore fully the benefit to risk ratio of this strategy and to identify those patients for whom it is most appropriate.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The dexamethasone suppression test in depression.

The DST does appear to be abnormal in a sizable subgroup of patients with major depressive disorder, particularly those characterized as "endogenomorphic" or "melancholic." At present the available data seem clear in indicating this abnormality is significantly less common in normal controls and patients without affective illness. The test holds considerable promise in helping to define new subgroups of depressed individuals for further study. In terms of its ability to predict treatment response to an adequate course of somatic therapy, the test does not appear to be of value, and the clinician should still be guided by the clinical presentation and history in initiating or choosing between various somatic treatments. With further attention to issues of diagnosis and DST methodology this strategy could help in addressing questions of differential diagnosis in potential "variants" of affective illness and providing a better understanding of the pathophysiology of depression.

Depression, Chemical↗
PubMed1983

Dexamethasone suppression tests in patients with panic disorder.

Dexamethasone suppression tests were given to 10 patients with panic disorder and 22 depressed patients. All patients with panic disorder were normal suppressors, and nine depressed patients were nonsuppressors. The mean cortisol levels of the two groups differed significantly.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Problems of compliance in the outpatient treatment of schizophrenia.

The importance of treatment compliance in the outpatient care of schizophrenia is discussed, and research on this problem and on various approaches to its solution is reviewed briefly. The role of injectable medication in increasing adherence to treatment in the outpatient setting is important, although studies in this area have suffered from problems of inadequate duration and sample size, and differing definitions of relapse. Whatever treatment is chosen, careful attention to side effects, which may be mild or subclinical, is essential. The psychological meanings attached by patients to their illness and its treatment are also important considerations, as is education of patients and professionals on issues related to treatment adherence.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Safety and efficacy of bupropion in elderly patients: preliminary observations.

The efficacy and safety of bupropion, an atypical antidepressant, were assessed in depressed patients aged 55 and above. Data were analyzed for 38 patients who completed 4 weeks of double-blind treatment with bupropion in maximum doses of 150 or 450 mg/day; imipramine, up to 200 mg/day; or placebo. Preliminary results suggest that bupropion does have antidepressant activity and is well tolerated in this population. A particular advantage is suggested in terms of cardiovascular side effects.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Fluphenazine vs placebo in patients with remitted, acute first-episode schizophrenia.

Twenty-eight patients who had recently recovered from an acute-onset, first-episode schizophrenic illness were randomly given fluphenazine hydrochloride or decanoate or placebo for a one-year period in a double-blind study. Seven of 17 patients(14%) receiving placebo experienced a psychotic relapse, whereas none of 11 drug-treated patients experienced a relapse. Eighteen (69%) of the 26 patients available for follow-up (mean interval, 3.5 years) experienced a second psychotic relapse either during the study or afterward, and 50% (14/28) of the original sample experienced a third episode.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Tardive dyskinesia: prevalence and risk factors, 1959 to 1979.

Fifty-six prevalence surveys of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in neuroleptic-treated patients are reviewed, yielding an average prevalence of 20% as compared with 5% prevalence of "spontaneous" dyskinesia in 19 samples of untreated individuals. Reported prevalence has increased during the past two decades and is not attributable simply to the more widespread use of rating scales. Controlled studies of a variety of risk factors are reviewed and suggest that advancing age and, to a lesser extent, female sex are the two variables most consistently associated with increased prevalence. There are relatively few data supporting the assumption that the risk of TD development continues to increase with increasing neuroleptic exposure, CNS dysfunction, or exposure to antiparkinsonism medication.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Lithium carbonate and imipramine in the prophylaxis of unipolar and bipolar II illness: a prospective, placebo-controlled comparison.

Twenty-seven patients with recurrent unipolar depression and 22 with bipolar II illness in remission for at least six months were randomly assigned on a double-blind basis to treatment regimens using lithium carbonate, imipramine hydrochloride, lithium carbonate plus imipramine, or placebo. Lithium carbonate was found to help prevent depressive relapse among patients with unipolar disease, and relapse of any type among those with bipolar II disease. No effect or interaction of imipramine was found in either group. These results add to a growing body of data that suggest the usefulness of lithium carbonate in the prophylaxis of unipolar depressive illness. The relative usefulness of lithium carbonate and imipramine requires further study.

Adolescent↗