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Biomedical subjects

J M Inglis

Publications and source records attributed to J M Inglis.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Epidemic of AIDS related virus (HTLV-III/LAV) infection among intravenous drug abusers.

Stored blood samples from 164 intravenous drug abusers who attended a Scottish general practice were tested for HTLV-III/LAV (human T cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy associated virus) infection. Of those tested, 83 (51%) were seropositive, which is well above the prevalence reported elsewhere in Britain and Europe and approaches that observed in New York City. The timing of taking samples of negative sera and continued drug use suggest that as many as 85% of this population might now be infected. The infection became epidemic in late 1983 and early 1984, thereafter becoming endemic. The practice of sharing needles and syringes correlated with seropositivity, which, combined with the almost exclusive intravenous use of heroin and other behavioural patterns, may explain the high prevalence of HTLV-III/LAV infection in the area. Rapid and aggressive intervention is needed to control the spread of infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of the reactivity and immunogenicity of RA 27/3 strain rubella vaccine prepared in WI-38 or MRC5 human diploid cells.

The immunogenicity and clinical reactivity of rubella vaccine derived from WI-38 or MRC5 human diploid cells was compared in 125 seronegative adolescent females. Seroconversion rates, assessed by single radial haemolysis testing of paired pre- and post-vaccination samples exceeded 98% (56/57 and 68/68 vaccinees, respectively) for both vaccines. Quantitative assessment of rubella-specific antibodies in 53 post-vaccination sera by an ELISA technique also failed to reveal any difference in immunogenicity between the vaccines. Assessable calendar records documenting the occurrence of local and systemic signs and symptoms in the four weeks following vaccination were returned by 106 subjects. No important statistically significant difference in parameters of clinical reactivity between the vaccine groups was observed although the incidence of pain at the injection site was found to be significantly higher for vaccinees receiving WI-38 derived vaccine.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Subclinical chronic Q fever.

Seven patients are described in whom chronic Q fever was detected by serology (Coxiella burneti phase I antibody titre greater than 1:200) during routine screening at admission for cardiac catheterisation. None had clinical evidence of endocarditis, hepatitis or other foci of infection. Three of the patients were kept under observation without antibiotic treatment for periods of six, 18 and 20 months. In two patients of this group, cardiac tissue was obtained at operation and in one patient seroconversion following guinea-pig inoculation indicated the presence of Coxiella burneti infection. Four patients were given antibiotic treatment when Q fever was confirmed by serology. Courses of antibiotic treatment with a combination of two drugs were maintained for four to six years and in three of these patients phase I antibody titres fell to very low levels with no appearance of overt infection. The fourth patient died after resection of an aortic aneurysm, seven months after starting antibiotic treatment. Cases reported in the literature indicate that while endocarditis is the most common manifestation of chronic Q fever, the infection can persist at other sites. Of the seven cases of subclinical chronic Q fever reported here, the infection was localised in only one. Patients with this subclinical form of infection pose the therapeutic dilemma of whether or not they should receive antibiotic treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Severe Chlamydia psittaci sepsis in pregnancy.

Two patients with severe chlamydial sepsis in pregnancy are described and compared with previously published case reports. The infections appear to have been zoonotic, the patients acquiring their infections as a result of exposure to enzootic abortion of ewes. This is an important but poorly recognised human infection which because of its severity in pregnancy deserves consideration in patients with an appropriate occupational history.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of atypical rotaviruses from calves, piglets, lambs and man.

Some rotaviruses from calves, piglets, and lambs were detected by electron microscopic examination of faeces but not by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which relies on detection of group antigen. On further examination by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, these viruses had 11 segments of dsRNA, as had typical rotaviruses, but arranged in atypical patterns. From humans, three rotaviruses with atypical electrophoretypes were also detected. Gnotobiotic animals were infected with atypical calf, piglet and lamb rotaviruses, and used to provide antigen and antiserum for an immunofluorescent comparison of these rotaviruses with conventional rotaviruses and other previously described atypical rotaviruses from piglets and chickens. Two atypical rotaviruses from humans failed to infect gnotobiotic piglets. The atypical rotaviruses could be tentatively categorized into two groups serologically distinct from each other and from conventional rotaviruses, and these distinctions were consistent with electrophoretypes . The atypical chicken rotavirus may form a fourth distinct group. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that rotaviruses belong to at least four separate groups definable by serology and electrophoretype .

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A study of respiratory infections in the elderly to assess the role of respiratory syncytial virus.

A prospective study was performed from 1 December 1981 to 31 May 1982 in two departments of geriatric medicine in Edinburgh. This yielded 159 cases of acute respiratory tract infection (RTI). Twelve of these were undoubtedly associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 14 with influenza A and 18 with influenza B (as established in each case by a fourfold or greater increase in antibody titre). Eighty-five of the 159 patients with RTI and RSV titres of 32 or greater. Their significance is discussed. The undoubted RSV infections all involved the lower respiratory tract and were associated with prolonged illness. This epidemic of RSV infection was confined to one of the two hospitals. It lasted less than four weeks and was probably hospital-acquired.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. A retrospective review of 103 hospitalised children.

The clinical aspects of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in 103 children under 12 years admitted to hospital over an eight-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Respiratory illnesses occurred in 87 (85%) cases. The prevalence of lower respiratory tract involvement was similar in both pre-school and school children. Cough was the commonest symptom at all ages. Coryzal symptoms and wheeze were common in pre-school children. Most infants had signs of pharyngitis or otitis media. Non-specific symptoms--fever, lethargy, malaise, anorexia and vomiting--were common accompaniments in children older than one year of age. Non-respiratory illnesses in 16 (15%) patients included gastroenteritis, convulsions, non-specific skin rashes and limb pains. The duration of stay in hospital ranged from two to 30 days (median five days) with apparent clinical recovery and resolution of chest X-ray abnormalities within three months in 78 (76%) patients seen for review.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Respiratory viral infection and wheezy bronchitis in childhood.

The role of respiratory viral infection in wheezy bronchitis was studied in 163 children, aged 0-12 years, in a London general practice. Virological investigations were also performed when these same children had acute upper respiratory illness without wheeze. A virus was isolated in 146 (26.4%) of 554 episodes of wheezy bronchitis, rhinoviruses accounting for almost half of the isolations. The relative frequency with which individual viruses were isolated in wheezy bronchitis was similar to that in acute upper respiratory illness in 180 other children who had never had wheezy bronchitis. The large number of isolations of rhinoviruses in wheezy bronchitis is probably due to their numerous serotypes and the absence of cross-immunity between them. Our findings have confirmed that infection by respiratory viruses can provoke wheezy bronchitis in certain children, in whom host factors are an important predeterminant. In children with a previous history of wheezy bronchitis infection by rhinoviruses was associated significantly more often with such an episode than with upper respiratory illness. The maturation of protective mechanisms, including the acquisition of specific immunity to a progressively larger number of viruses, could explain the fall in the age-incidence of wheezy bronchitis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Improved microbiological assay procedures for dihydrostreptomycin residues in milk and dairy products.

Because dihydrostreptomycin can remain as a slowly removed antibiotic residue in dairy animals and because of the need for more sensitive procedures with which to provide information concerning antibiotic residues in food products, procedures were developed in more sensitive assays of dihydrostreptomycin in milk and some representative dairy products. The cleanup procedures that aided these improvements were (i) precipitation of milk proteins by acidification and (ii) centrifugation to extract cheeses and to remove physical barriers to diffusion in the cylinder plate assay. In addition, a thin, single seeded assay layer was used to maximize diffusion. Levels of dihydrostreptomycin as low as 0.06 microgram/ml in milk and 0.2 to 0.4 microgram/g in cheeses were measurable; these levels were some fourfold more sensitive than those presently recommended by the Food and Drug Administration.

Animals↗