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J M Hodgson

Publications and source records attributed to J M Hodgson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Effects of tea and tea flavonoids on endothelial function and blood pressure: a brief review.

1. The consumption of tea worldwide is second only to water. Thus, any physiological effects of tea could have a significant impact on population health. 2. Tea is the major contributor to total flavonoid intake in many populations. Flavonoids in tea have been shown to have a range of activities and effects that could contribute to improved health. Tea intake and the intake of flavonoids found in tea have been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in several cross-sectional and prospective population studies. A variety of possible mechanisms have been investigated. The focus of the present review is on the mounting evidence that tea flavonoids can improve endothelial function and lower blood pressure. 3. In vitro studies using isolated vessels have shown that tea flavonoids possess vasodilator activity. Results of human intervention trials have shown that increased flavonoid intake from tea, as well as other dietary sources, can improve endothelial function. Emerging data also suggest that the degree of benefit may be related to flavonoid metabolism. 4. The effects of tea flavonoids on blood pressure are less consistent. Results of animal studies and population studies are consistent with a blood pressure-lowering effect of tea. However, short-term intervention trials, mainly in normotensive individuals, have not demonstrated any blood pressure reduction with tea. 5. Overall, the available data suggest that the effects of tea flavonoids on endothelial function and, perhaps, blood pressure may be responsible, at least in part, for any benefits of drinking tea on the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Coenzyme Q10 improves blood pressure and glycaemic control: a controlled trial in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess effects of dietary supplementation with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) on blood pressure and glycaemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes, and to consider oxidative stress as a potential mechanism for any effects. SUBJECTS AND DESIGN: Seventy-four subjects with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia were involved in a randomised double blind placebo-controlled 2x2 factorial intervention. SETTING: The study was performed at the University of Western Australia, Department of Medicine at Royal Perth Hospital, Australia. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were randomly assigned to receive an oral dose of 100 mg CoQ twice daily (200 mg/day), 200 mg fenofibrate each morning, both or neither for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We report an analysis and discussion of the effects of CoQ on blood pressure, on long-term glycaemic control measured by glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)), and on oxidative stress assessed by measurement of plasma F2-isoprostanes. RESULTS: Fenofibrate did not alter blood pressure, HbA(1c), or plasma F2-isoprostanes. There was a 3-fold increase in plasma CoQ concentration (3.4+/-0.3 micro mol/l, P<0.001) as a result of CoQ supplementation. The main effect of CoQ was to significantly decrease systolic (-6.1+/-2.6 mmHg, P=0.021) and diastolic (-2.9+/-1.4 mmHg, P=0.048) blood pressure and HbA(1c) (-0.37+/-0.17%, P=0.032). Plasma F2-isoprostane concentrations were not altered by CoQ (0.14+/-0.15 nmol/l, P=0.345). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that CoQ supplementation may improve blood pressure and long-term glycaemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes, but these improvements were not associated with reduced oxidative stress, as assessed by F2-isoprostanes. SPONSORSHIP: This study was supported by a grant from the NH&MRC, Australia.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2001

Item characteristics of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test.

Items of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) were individually evaluated regarding disproportional responding. The item with the lowest degree of endorsement (Item 18, related to liver problems) was found to have correspondingly low relationships with other MAST items and with the total score. Weighted items concerned with drug-related arrests were found to detract from the otherwise relatively homogeneous MAST items. Traditional statistical approaches for homogeneity suggest high level internal consistency with the deletion of the aforementioned items. A factor analytic test of homogeneity was confirmed. Recommendations are presented concerning modification of the MAST scoring procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Prediction of the physiologic severity of coronary lesions using 3D IVUS: validation by direct coronary pressure measurements.

This study was performed to determine whether three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound (3D IVUS) could predict the physiologic significance of coronary lesions. Seventeen lesions were evaluated by means of 3D IVUS, pressure measurements, and quantitative coronary angiography. Physiologic parameters were calculated from the 3D IVUS measures using established equations and compared to values measured by pressure guidewire. IVUS minimum lumen area (MLA) correlated with fractional flow reserve (FFR; R2 = 0.55, P = 0.003) and pressure gradient (R2 = 0.52, P = 0.003). Lesion length (L) had a positive correlation with pressure gradient (R2 = 0.45, P = 0.007). By multivariate analysis, the only significant independent determinant of FFR was MLA/L measured by IVUS. The IVUS-predicted pressure gradient and FFR were well correlated with values measured directly (R2) = 0.88, P < 0.001; R2 = 0.90, P < 0.001, respectively). The physiologic severity of coronary lesions is primarily influenced by lumen area and lesion length and can be established by 3D IVUS.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed2001

FFR for all.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed2001

Effects of regular ingestion of black tea on haemostasis and cell adhesion molecules in humans.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects in humans of regular ingestion of black tea on haemostasis-related variables and cell adhesion molecules. DESIGN: Twenty-two subjects were recruited from the general population to a randomised-controlled crossover study. Subjects stopped drinking tea, apart from that provided, for the duration of the study. During a 4-week baseline period all subjects drank 5 cups/day (250 ml) of hot water. The effects of 5 cups/day of black tea for 4 weeks were then compared with hot water. Platelet aggregation in response to three doses of collagen and ADP, plasma concentrations of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors (fibrinogen, factor VII, tPA, PAI-1) and plasma concentrations of cell adhesion molecules (soluble P-selectin, E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1) were assessed twice, one week apart, at the end of each period. Twenty-four hour urinary concentration of 4-O-methylgallic acid (4OMGA), assessed once at the end of each period, was used as a marker of black tea polyphenol intake. RESULTS: The 24 h urinary excretion of 4OMGA was increased during regular ingestion of black tea in comparison to hot water (P<0.0001). Black tea resulted in lower soluble P-selectin (P=0.01) in comparison to hot water, but did not influence other adhesion molecules. Soluble P-selectin was significantly correlated with mean collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation at baseline (r=0.61, P=0.003), and during regular ingestion of hot water (r=0.70, P<0.0001) and black tea (r=0.51, P=0.01). However, platelet aggregation was not different between the black tea and hot water periods for collagen- or ADP-stimulated aggregation at any dose. Coagulation and fibrinolytic factors were also not different between periods. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of black tea on soluble P-selectin provides a potential mechanism for cardiovascular benefits of regular ingestion of tea. SPONSORSHIP: This study was supported by grants from the Tea Trade Health Research Association and the National Heart Foundation of Australia.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Recent developments concerning diet and hypertension.

1. Recent data from randomized controlled dietary trials have shown blood pressure-lowering effects of foodstuffs and dietary patterns to be of practical importance for both individual and population blood pressure control. 2. The salient studies include Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trials, on complex dietary patterns and of additive effects of salt restriction, Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly (TONE), on weight control and sodium restriction as substitutes for drug therapy, and two Australian trials showing additive effects of dietary fish and weight control and of dietary protein and fibre in treated hypertensives. 3. Regular coffee drinking raised blood pressure in older hypertensives, whereas potential antihypertensive effects of dietary anti-oxidants require further scrutiny.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Non pharmacologic therapy and lifestyle factors in hypertension.

Lifestyle factors are now recognised to be key determinants of both the rise in blood pressure with ageing and the cardiovascular disease associated with essential hypertension. This paper summarises recent evidence for independent or additive effects of different aspects of diet and behavioural factors on blood pressure levels and some related cardiovascular risk factors. The influence of single nutrients, fats, fibre, protein, antioxidants, caffeine, complex dietary patterns, physical activity, alcohol and smoking will be considered against a background of obesity and psychological factors contributing to blood pressure elevation.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed2001

Dietary protein and soluble fiber reduce ambulatory blood pressure in treated hypertensives.

In population studies, higher blood pressure has been associated with lower intake of protein and, possibly, lower fiber consumption. In the present randomized controlled trial, we sought to determine whether dietary protein and fiber had additive effects on blood pressure reduction in hypertensives. Treated hypertensive patients changed for 4 weeks (familiarization) to a diet low in protein (12.5% energy) and fiber (15 g/d). Patients (n=41) were then randomized to 1 of 4 groups in an 8-week factorial study of parallel design in which they continued the low-protein, low-fiber diet alone or had supplements of soy protein to increase protein intake to 25% energy, of psyllium to provide an additional 12 g soluble fiber/d, or of both protein and fiber. The 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure was compared from the end of familiarization to the end of intervention. In the 36 subjects who provided complete data, protein and fiber had significant additive effects to lower 24-hour and awake systolic blood pressure. Relative to control subjects, the net reduction in 24-hour systolic blood pressure was 5.9 mm Hg with fiber and with protein. Findings were independent of age, gender, and change in weight, alcohol intake, or urinary sodium and potassium. Relative to reduced fiber and protein intake, dietary protein and soluble fiber supplements lower blood pressure additively in hypertensives. These findings have important implications for the prevention and management of hypertension, particularly in populations in which high blood pressure is prevalent in association with diets low in protein, fiber, or both.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed2000

Ultrasound-guided strategy for provisional stenting with focal balloon combination catheter: results from the randomized Strategy for Intracoronary Ultrasound-guided PTCA and Stenting (SIPS) trial.

BACKGROUND: Intracoronary ultrasound (ICUS) has provided insights into vascular pathology and interventional therapy. The Strategy for ICUS-Guided PTCA and Stenting (SIPS) trial tested the hypothesis that routine ICUS guidance of coronary interventions improves outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS: A single-center consecutive-patient randomized design (with 6-month angiographic and 2-year clinical follow-up) was used. Consecutive patients (no chronic total occlusions or emergency procedures) were randomized to ICUS-guided provisional stenting or standard angiographic guidance. Quantitative angiographic minimal lumen diameter (MLD), angiographic restenosis, clinically driven target lesion revascularization, and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were evaluated. A total of 291 procedures (356 lesions) were included. Procedure success was higher in the ICUS-guided group than the group randomized to standard guidance (94. 7% versus 87.4%, respectively; P:=0.033), whereas time (65.2+/-31.0 versus 60.5+/-34.0 minutes, P:=0.18) and contrast use (209.3+/-94.1 versus 197.5+/-89.5 mL, P:=0.23) were not significantly different. Stenting rates were similar (49.7% versus 49.5%, P:=0.89). Acute gain was greater in the ICUS-guided group than in the standard guidance group (1.85+/-0.72 versus 1.67+/-0.76 mm, respectively; P:=0.02). Angiographic 6-month analysis revealed no difference in MLD (1.71+/-0.94 versus 1.57+/-0.90, P:=0.19) or binary restenosis rate (>50% diameter stenosis) (29% versus 35%, P:=0.42). Clinical follow-up (602+/-307 days) showed a significant decrease in clinically driven target lesion revascularization in the ICUS group compared with the standard guidance group (17% versus 29%, respectively; P:=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Although angiographic MLD did not differ significantly after 6 months, ICUS-guided provisional stenting improved 2-year clinical results after intervention.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed2000

Effect of cholesterol-lowering therapy on coronary endothelial vasomotor function in patients with coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND: Improved endothelial function may contribute to the beneficial effects of cholesterol-lowering therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this randomized, double-blind study, we compared the effect of 6 months of simvastatin (40 mg/d) treatment with that of placebo on coronary endothelial vasomotor function in 60 patients with coronary artery disease. Simvastatin lowered LDL-cholesterol by 40+/-12% from 130+/-28 mg/dL (P<0.001). Peak intracoronary acetylcholine infusion produced epicardial coronary constriction at baseline in both the simvastatin (-17+/-13%) and placebo (-24+/-16%) groups. After treatment, acetylcholine produced less constriction in both groups (-12+/-19% and -15+/-14%, respectively, P=0.97). The increase in coronary blood flow during infusion of the peak dose of substance P was blunted at baseline in both the simvastatin (42+/-50%) and placebo (55+/-71%) groups, reflecting impaired endothelium-dependent dilation of coronary microvessels. After treatment, the flow increase was 82+/-81% in the simvastatin group and 63+/-53% in the placebo group (P=0.16). CONCLUSIONS: Six months of cholesterol-lowering therapy has no significant effect on coronary endothelial vasomotor function in the study population of patients with coronary artery disease and mildly elevated cholesterol levels. These findings suggest that the effects of cholesterol lowering on endothelial function are more complex than previously thought.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Ad hoc coronary intervention.

Ad hoc coronary intervention is a percutaneous revascularization procedure performed at the same sitting as diagnostic cardiac catheterization. While this appears to be an efficient strategy, the safety and cost of ad hoc coronary intervention compared with delayed coronary intervention have not been clearly documented. Special preparation and precautions are necessary for patients in whom ad hoc coronary intervention is anticipated. Ad hoc coronary intervention is not appropriate if informed consent has not been previously obtained or if it would pose greater risks than delayed intervention. While ad hoc coronary intervention is often efficient and effective, its use should be individualized. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 49:130-134, 2000.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed2000

Gallic acid metabolites are markers of black tea intake in humans.

Gallic acid is one of the main phenolic components of black tea. The objective of this study was to identify urinary gallic acid metabolites with potential for use as markers of black tea intake. In an initial study, nine compounds, assessed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, were found to increase in concentration in urine after 3 cups of black tea over 3 h. A subsequent study employed a controlled crossover design in which 10 subjects consumed 5 cups per day of black tea or water for 4 weeks in random order. Twenty-four hour urine samples were collected at the end of each period. Of the 9 candidate compounds identified in the initial study, only 3 were present at higher concentrations in urine of all 10 subjects during tea-drinking in comparison to water-drinking periods. These compounds were identified as 4-O-methylgallic acid, 3-O-methylgallic acid, and 3, 4-O-dimethylgallic acid, all methyl ether derivatives of gallic acid. It is suggested that these compounds have the potential to be used as markers of black tea intake.

Biotransformation↗
PubMed2000

Acute effects of ingestion of black and green tea on lipoprotein oxidation.

BACKGROUND: Tea has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. One proposed mechanism of this risk reduction involves inhibition of lipoprotein oxidation in vivo by antioxidant polyphenolic compounds derived from tea. However, controlled interventions uniformly failed to show that ingestion of tea can inhibit LDL oxidation ex vivo. The absence of effects in previous studies may be due to the isolation of LDL particles from polyphenolic compounds that are present in the aqueous phase of serum. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the acute effects of ingestion of black and green tea on ex vivo Cu(2+)-induced lipoprotein oxidation without prior isolation of lipoproteins from serum. DESIGN: The acute effects of 4 hot drinks-green tea and black tea (each at a dose equivalent to 4 standard cups), water matched to the teas for caffeine content, and water-were assessed in 20 healthy men by using a Latin-square design. The lag time to lipoprotein diene formation, slope of the propagation phase of the oxidation curve, and area under the oxidation curve were calculated. Urinary concentrations of 4-O-methylgallic acid were used as a marker of uptake and metabolism of polyphenolic compounds from tea. RESULTS: Significant increases in urinary 4-O-methylgallic acid for black and green tea (P < 0. 0001) were observed. Caffeine did not significantly influence lipoprotein oxidation. Compared with the water control, there was a greater lag time for black tea (5.4 +/- 2.9 min; P = 0.05) that was of borderline significance and a similar trend for green tea (4.4 +/- 2.8 min; P = 0.17). Slope and area under the oxidation curve were not altered. CONCLUSION: Black tea has a mild acute effect on ex vivo lipoprotein oxidation in human serum. 2000;71:-7.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Isoflavonoids do not inhibit in vivo lipid peroxidation in subjects with high-normal blood pressure.

The isoflavonoids genistein and daidzein have been shown to have antioxidant activity in vitro, but their effects on in vivo oxidation have not been assessed. The newly described F2-isoprostanes are believed to currently represent the best available marker of in vivo lipid peroxidation. Therefore we have assessed the effects of a 55 mg daily isoflavonoid supplement on urinary F2-isoprostane concentrations in subjects with high-normal blood pressure (BP). A total of 59 subjects completed an 8-week parallel design, randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled study. F2-isoprostanes, isoflavonoids and creatinine were measured in 24-h urine samples taken at baseline and at the end of the intervention. There were significant increases in urinary excretion of genistein (5.22+/-0.75 mg/day, P < 0.0001) and daidzein (2.53+/-0.43 mg/day, P < 0.0001) in the group taking the isoflavonoid supplement. Creatinine excretion was significantly correlated with F2-isoprostanes at baseline (r = 0.45, P < 0.01). After adjustment for baseline values, there was no significant difference between groups in creatinine adjusted post-intervention F2-isoprostane concentrations (P = 0.74). In addition, changes in genistein and daidzein excretion were not significantly correlated with changes in F2-isoprostanes in the isoflavonoid treatment group. These results are not consistent with the suggestion that the two soy derived isoflavonoids have in vivo antioxidant activity at a level of intake achievable by dietary means and in subjects with high-normal BP.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effects of isoflavonoids on blood pressure in subjects with high-normal ambulatory blood pressure levels: a randomized controlled trial.

Vegetarian diets lower blood pressure (BP), but attempts to identify dietary components responsible have been unsuccessful. Isoflavonoids are commonly consumed as part of vegetarian diets. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of isoflavonoid supplementation on BP. Fifty-nine subjects with high-normal range systolic BP completed a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of two-way parallel design and 8 weeks duration. One tablet containing 55 mg of isoflavonoids, including 30 mg of genistein, 16 mg of biochanin A (a genistein precursor), 1 mg of daidzein, and 8 mg of formononetin (a daidzein precursor), or one placebo tablet, was taken daily with the evening meal. Significant increases in urinary excretion of genistein (5.22 mg/day, 95% CI: 3.72, 6.72) and daidzein (2.53 mg/day, 95% CI: 1.66, 3.40) were observed in the group taking the isoflavonoid supplement. There were no significant changes in isoflavonoid excretion in the placebo group. Clinic BP was measured at two visits, and ambulatory BP monitoring was performed over one 24-h period, at baseline and postintervention. There was no significant difference between groups, after adjustment for baseline values, in postintervention clinic supine BP (systolic 1.2 mm Hg, 95% CI: -2.3, 4.7; diastolic 0.6 mm Hg, 95% CI: -1.9, 2.5), clinic erect BP (systolic 1.7 mm Hg, 95% CI: -4.0, 8.4; diastolic 0.4 mm Hg, 95% CI: -2.4, 3.2), or 24-h ambulatory BP (systolic -1.4 mm Hg, 95% CI: -4.4, 1.6; diastolic -0.8 mm Hg, 95% CI: -2.3, 0.7). Adjustment for age, gender, and weight change did not alter the result. Therefore, these results do not support the hypothesis that isoflavonoids, and genistein in particular, are major contributors to the BP lowering effect of vegetarian diets.

Adult↗