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Biomedical subjects

J M Hawnaur

Publications and source records attributed to J M Hawnaur.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Magnetic resonance imaging with Gadolinium-DTPA for assessment of bladder carcinoma and its response to treatment.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with intravenous Gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA, Magnevist, Schering-AG) was performed in 44 patients, 32 with primary bladder carcinoma and 12 with suspected recurrence after treatment. Gd-DTPA often increased diagnostic confidence in the identification and staging of tumours confined to the bladder wall and was necessary to assess depth of bladder wall invasion when T2-weighted images were suboptimal. Enhancement after Gd-DTPA enabled distinction between necrotic and viable tumour and blood clot. There was little advantage in its use for tumours infiltrating perivesical fat or with metastases to lymph nodes or bone, in the absence of a fat suppression sequence. Gd-DTPA may therefore be useful in selected patients with tumours of Stage T3a or less in whom information about depth of bladder wall invasion is inadequately shown on pre-contrast sequences. Artefacts due to variable and inhomogeneous urine signal intensity, however, often degraded post-Gd-DTPA images of the bladder. Changes in the bladder due to radiotherapy were observed on MRI 3-4 months after treatment in patients referred for routine follow-up and in some patients with suspected recurrence. Mucosal hyperintensity, thickening and abnormal signal intensity of the muscular layers of the bladder wall, with enhancement after Gd-DTPA were demonstrated. Such changes obscured small volume or superficial recurrence of tumour after radiotherapy. Abnormal enhancement was also observed in pelvic organs and soft tissues irradiated several years earlier. Enhancement after Gd-DTPA does not therefore reliably distinguish between recurrent tumour and radiotherapy change.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Investigation of children with suspected spinal dysraphism by magnetic resonance imaging.

Findings on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of 52 children with suspected spinal dysraphism have been reviewed. In 24, no significant spinal abnormality was demonstrated. Seven patients had scoliosis or vertebral segmentation anomalies without demonstrable abnormality of the underlying soft tissues and one had an isolated subcutaneous haemangioma. In 20 children with spinal dysraphism, a low tethered cord was the most frequent finding, occurring in 80%. Other manifestations included myelo- or meningocoele (60%), syringomyelia (30%), lipoma (25%), congenital tumour (20%), diastematomyelia (15%) and thickened filum terminale (5%). The relationship between the clinical reason for requesting MRI and the scan results are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Musculoskeletal haemangiomas: comparison of MRI with CT.

MRI and CT findings were reviewed from 11 patients with musculoskeletal haemangiomas. With MRI, morphological characteristics and extent of haemangiomas were optimally demonstrated on T2-weighted spin echo scans. High-resolution contrast-enhanced CT provided equivalent information regarding lesional characteristics and extent for small, localized haemangiomas. In CT evaluation of the extent of large haemangiomas, the radiation dose, transaxial scan plane, amount of intravenous contrast medium required and the necessity for correct timing of post-contrast scans became limiting factors. For such lesions, particularly those extending into the trunk, MRI supplemented by a plain radiograph is the optimum method of evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Magnetic resonance imaging of musculoaponeurotic fibromatosis.

Musculoaponeurotic fibromatosis can be mistaken for soft-tissue sarcoma both clinically and on X-ray computed tomography. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in three patients with this condition enabled the correct diagnosis to be made prospectively in two. The appearance on MRI of a heterogeneous mass with well-defined, predominantly peripheral areas of very low signal intensity due to dense fibrous tissue and areas of medium to high signal intensity corresponding to a more cellular stroma should raise the the suspicion of musculoaponeurotic fibromatosis. Cellular areas within the tumour showed moderate enhancement after gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Antenatal ultrasonography to detect fetal renal abnormalities: a prospective screening programme.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate screening for abnormalities of the fetal renal tract by ultrasonography and to determine the incidence of such abnormalities in a population. DESIGN: A 12 month prospective population study. Follow up of infants to between 9 and 18 months. SETTING: A district general hospital. PARTICIPANTS: 6292 Pregnant women reaching 28 weeks' gestation within the study period. INTERVENTIONS: Antenatal ultrasound scanning was offered to all of the women. Babies in whom an abnormality of the renal tract had been detected antenatally underwent ultrasound scanning at the end of the first week. If the abnormality was confirmed contrast radiography was performed. END POINT: Confirmation of suspected renal abnormality by postnatal investigations. Detection of abnormality in children thought to be normal antenatally. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 92 babies who had abnormal antenatal scans, 42 had abnormalities confirmed postnatally. Four of them died and 21 had had or were awaiting an operation at 18 months' follow up. Seven children had renal abnormalities that were missed antenatally. The incidence of abnormalities detected by screening antenatally was 0.65%, and the overall incidence at 18 months' follow up was 0.76%. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of structural renal abnormalities in babies is higher than reported previously. Antenatal ultrasonography is an effective way of detecting such abnormalities.

England↗
PubMed1983

Reasons for late detection of hip dislocation in childhood.

A retrospective study of 56 children with dislocation of the hip presenting late found that the mean age at which the parents first noticed that something was wrong (including hip abnormalities found at birth in 10 patients) was 11 months, but that at diagnosis was 26 months, a mean delay of 15 months. The reasons for delay were failure to examine the hips at birth (13 cases), failure to follow up abnormalities at birth (7), failure of symptoms noticed by the parents to alert the health-care professional to the possibility of a dislocated hip (36), failure to check the hips routinely after 3 months (27), and failure of the parents to appreciate the significance of abnormalities and to act on them (28). Hip screening should continue beyond the neonatal period and should include routine checks on all children until they are walking normally. A greater awareness in health-care professionals of the features of hip dislocation and further health education for parents are needed.

Adolescent↗