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Biomedical subjects

J M Hamilton-Miller

Publications and source records attributed to J M Hamilton-Miller.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Cephamycins: a review, prospects and some original observations.

The cephamycins are a group with great potential. The first member of the group intended for therapeutic use offers the following advantages over existing cephalosporins: 1. Stability to various beta-lactamases; in an environment increasingly threatened by R-factors, this property may be of increasing value as time passes. 2. Possible lack of cross-allergenicity with other beta-lactam antibiotics. 3. Activity against anaerobic strains. Cefoxitin is only the first semi-synthetic derivative; presumably there are other compounds awaiting assessment which have even more favourable properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Brown- and red-pigmented Pseudomonas aeruginosa: differentiation between melanin and pyorubrin.

The pigment produced by three clinically isolated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been shown to by pyomelanin. The pigment is also produced by three strains of the same species labelled as "var. erythrogenes" by the National Collection of Type Cultures, and by Aeromonas salmonicida. Melanin and pyorubrin may be distinguished by the differential effects of tyrosine and glutamate on their production in minimal salts medium; Furunculosis Agar is a suitable medium for differentation of these pigments.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

Antibodies to Escherichia coli in chronic liver diseases.

Patients with chronic active hepatitis or alcoholic cirrhosis have serum antibodies to many more serotypes of Escherichia coli than do patients with primary biliary cirrhosis or cryptogenic cirrhosis, or normal controls. They also have antibodies against more serotypes than cirrhotic patients with a portacaval shunt. These observations suggest that factors other than shunting of blood away from the liver are responsible for the increased range of antibodies. These factors are discussed. There was no correlation between the number of serotypes to which antibodies were present and the serum immunoglobulin concentration. In three patients, each with chronic active hepatitis, the antibodies were predominantly of the IgM class, while the elevation of globulin in general was mainly due to increased IgG and IgA levels. Antibodies to Escherichia coli, therefore, probably contribute only a small part of the increased globulin levels found in patients with chronic liver disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

A comparison of the in vitro activity of metronidazole, tinidazole, and nimorazole against Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli.

The in vitro activities of metronidazole, nimorazole, and tinidazole were compared against 69 strains of obligately anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli. Geometric mean MICs were 0-34, 1-05, and 0-28 mug/ml respectively. Thirty-six strains were also tested by the disk method. Correlation between MIC and diameter of the zones of inhibition was poor.

Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria↗
PubMed1974

Newer aminoglycosides--amikacin and tobramycin: an in-vitro comparison with kanamycin and gentamicin.

Tobramycin and amikacin are new aminoglycoside antibiotics which resemble gentamicin and kanamycin respectively in pharmacokinetic, toxicological, and some microbiological respects. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for these four antibiotics have been determined against 393 bacterial strains (13 species from eight genera) isolated from clinical materialKanamycin was the least active, 89% of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains being resistant. Resistance was also found in 21% of the Klebsiella aerogenes, 16% of the indoleproducing Proteus species, 4% of the E. coli and 3% of the Enterobacter spp. tested. Providenca stuartii strains were often resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin.Apart from these exceptions, however, all the organisms tested were sensitive to all four compounds, gentamicin and tobramycin usually showing the highest intrinsic activity.Amikacin was the most active compound against a selection of strains chosen because of their resistance to one or more of the aminoglycosides. Thus, amikacin represents a significant advance over kanamycin and seems to be superior to gentamicin in terms of its in-vitro properties. This is especially the case in those unusual circumstances when gentamicin-resistant strains are a problem. We suggest that amikacin warrants further investigation since it may prove to be a valuable alternative to gentamicin in the treatment of life-threatening infections.

Aminobutyrates↗