The most common method of exocrine drainage in pancreatic transplantation is urinary drainage. With the shift from enteric drainage and duct occlusion techniques, there has been a concomitant shift from intraabdominal to urological complications. We present a case in which a simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplant recipient developed urethral disruption and associated bladder outlet obstruction 11 months following surgery.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lobar and segmental atrophy of the liver.

Lobar atrophy of the liver has been recognized as a complication of hepatic and biliary disease for many years. Previously regarded as rare and clinically unimportant, it is now accepted as reasonably common and clinically significant in many patients. Atrophy of liver lobes and, now, also segments, is much more frequently diagnosed because of the routine use of ultrasound and computed tomography scanning in the assessment of hepatobiliary disease, together with its recognition on angiograms and at laparoscopy.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Uncertainty analysis of the water balance technique for measuring seepage from animal waste lagoons.

Water balance measurements can be used to estimate seepage rates from animal waste lagoons and earthen storages. This method requires detailed measurements of depth changes and cumulative evaporation during 5- to 10-d periods. Quantifying the uncertainty surrounding the measurements is crucial if data from seepage tests are used to determine if lagoons are meeting engineering specifications and operating within regulatory guidelines. Uncertainty analyses, using a 95% confidence interval, were applied to field data collected during studies of animal waste lagoons in Kansas and Oklahoma. Changes in depth were measured with float-based recorders and evaporation was estimated from meteorological observations. Results showed that rate changes in depth could be measured to within +/-0.28 mm d(-1) or better when wind speeds at the start and end of the test were less than 4 m s(-1). Uncertainty in evaporation was the most significant factor affecting the seepage estimate, and surface temperature and relative humidity were the main sources of imprecision in the evaporation calculations. Evaporation could be estimated to within 10 to 20%, with the largest uncertainty occurring during windy conditions. Uncertainty in the calculated seepage rate increased as evaporation increased. When evaporation rates are low (e.g., <4 mm d(-1)), seepage can be estimated to within +/-0.5 mm d(-1) with 95% confidence. A precision of +/-0.25 mm d(-1) is possible when research-grade instruments are deployed under favorable weather conditions. A measurement duration of 5 d is adequate for most water balance tests. In many cases, precision of the water balance technique will be sufficient in determining if a working lagoon is within regulatory guidelines.

Animal Husbandry↗