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Biomedical subjects

J M Goust

Publications and source records attributed to J M Goust.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Cross-reactivity of sperm and T lymphocyte antigens.

Evidence is presented for cross-reactivity between antigens on human sperm and T lymphocytes. In 25 infertile couples in which both the males and females had significant antisperm immunity, antibody (Ab) titers to thymocytes (mean +/- S.E.M. 159 +/- 4 and 72 +/- 14, respectively, in males and females), T cell lines CCRF-CEM (69 +/- 5 and 48 +/- 8) and HSB-2 (56 +/- 15) and 41 +/- 8), suppressor-enriched (TG) cells (26 +/- 6 and 66 +/- 28) and helper-enriched (TG-) cells (26 +/- 4 and 46 +/- 14) were significantly elevated, as compared with Ab titers in 45 normal males and 45 normal females without antisperm immunity. Antibody titers to adult B cells, B cell line RAJI, and granulocytes were similar in the two groups. Antisperm Ab titers in sera, sperm extracts, and seminal plasma of the infertile subjects were significantly reduced after absorption with sperm, thymocytes, or T cell line CCRF-CEM but not with the B cell line RAJI. Antithymocyte Ab titers in the sera were significantly reduced (p less than 0.001) after absorption with thymocytes, CCRF-CEM, or sperm, but not RAJI. Lymphocytes from the infertile patients, when stimulated with pokeweed mitogen in vitro, produced antisperm and anti-T-lymphocyte antibodies at significantly higher titers than normal controls.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1981

Immunoglobulin G heavy chain (Gm) allotypes in multiple sclerosis.

Serum samples from 70 Caucasian patients with multiple sclerosis were typed for nine Gm markers. Significant association was found with the Gm 1,17;21 phenotype, and the relative risk for individuals with this phenotype was calculated at 3.6. The data indicate that Caucasians positive for Gm 1,17;21 are almost four times more likely to develop multiple sclerosis than those without this phenotype.

Hemagglutination Tests↗
PubMed1981

Evidence for the presence of a low molecular-weight activator of suppressor monocytes (LASM) in dialysates of T lymphocytes.

Lysates of peripheral blood T lymphocytes from healthy individuals were found to contain a low molecular-weight peptide that inhibited phytohaemagglutinin-induced DNA synthesis in vitro by autologous or allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The peptide was dialysable, partially heat stable, resistant to trypsin, RNase, and DNase but not to pronase, and was not part of the membrane receptor involved in rosette formation by T lymphocytes with sheep erythrocytes. It was found to act through monocytes, inducing the synthesis of second mediator responsible for the inhibition of lymphocyte DNA synthesis. This inducer of inhibition, designated as "low molecular-weight activator of suppressor monocytes' (LASM), may have a role in the depression of cellular immune response seen in various pathological conditions involving the destruction of T lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Separation of human thymocytes at different stages of maturation by centrifugation on a discontinuous gradient of colloidal silica gel.

Separation of human intrathymic cells on a discontinuous gradient of colloidal silica gel (Percoll) yielded four layers. The first (density 1.054 +/- 0.002 g/ml) contained stromal cells and a few thymocytes positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt), most of which were bound to large Tdt-negative non-T cells. The second layer (1.069+/- 0.003 g/ml) contained large Tdt-negative thymocytes. The third and forth layers (1.075 +/-0.004 and 1.085 +/- 0.003 g/ml, respectively) contained smaller T cells, more than 95% of which were Tdt-positive. Functional studies revealed that cells from the first layer had a high level of spontaneous [3H]thymidine uptake but did not respond to lectins; the second layer responded to PHA, ConA, and allogeneic stimuli; and the third and fourth layers did not respond to lectin stimulation. Addition of cells from the first layer to the other layers at a 1 : 10 ratio significantly increased the mitogenic responses of the cells from the second layer, but not of those from the third or fourth layer. These results suggest that, as in mice and rats, low-density intrathymic thymocytes in humans represent more mature T cells, the percentage of which increases with age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Defective immunoregulation in multiple sclerosis.

Imbalances in T cell subpopulations have been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study of 31 MS patients, the percentage of T cells with Fc receptors for IgG (Tg) was found to be increased in patients with chronic progressive disease, and another T cell subset binding to the Raji B lymphoid cell line was decreased. An inverse correlation (r = -0.675; < 95% confidence limit) was found between these two subsets, suggesting that they vary inversely in MS. The mitogenic responses of MS mononuclear cells, isolated T cells, and recombinet T and non-T cells to the lectins phytohemagglutinin and pokeweek mitogen (PWM) did not differ from those of normal cells. However, more immunoglobulin (Ig)-producing cells were generated in a PWM-driven system with cells from MS patients than with cells from age-matched controls (p < 0.05). Autologous recombination of separated T and non-T cells did not significantly modify these results. T cells from MS patients added to B cells from normal controls exerted an effect that was related to their percentage of Tg cells; that is, values above 15% were associated with a suppression of Ig production, whereas for Tg values below 12%, a helper effect or no modification was observed. These results suggest that changes in T cell subsets in MS are related to changes in functional ability to modulate Ig production by normal B cells. However, MS B cells partly escape regulation by their own T cells, suggesting an associated B cell hyperactivity.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Chorioretinitis with a combined defect in T and B lymphocytes and granulocytes. A new syndrome successfully treated with dialyzable leukocyte extracts (transfer factor).

A patient with immune deficiency, recurrent pyogenic infections and active chorioretinitis is described; in addition to agammaglobulinemia, both quantitative and qualitative T-cell deficiencies were documented. Furthermore, the patient's granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes), although normal in their bactericidal capacity for Staphylococcus, responded poorly to both leukocyte migration inhibition factor and neutrophil immobilizing factor obtained from normal cells. The immunologic features of this patient appear to comprise a new syndrome. Remarkable diminution of the ocular lesions and increased visual acuity occurred within two months after the initiation of therapy with dialyzable leukocyte extracts (transfer factor). Concurrent testing of the patient's cell-mediated immunity showed increased numbers of circulating T lymphocytes and improved T-cell function following dialyzable leukocyte extract [DLE] therapy. The dramatic clinical results indicate that similar therapy may prove to be beneficial in other patients with chorioretinitis and T-cell deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Antigenic cross-reactivity of sperm and T lymphocytes.

Since seminal components can mediate immunosuppression in vitro, it is possible that some antigen(s) may be common to both the reproductive and immunologic systems. In a group of 70 couples with unexplained infertility, 50 "autoimmune" males and 40 "isoimmune" females had lower than normal percentages of total T cells (mean values +/- standard error of the mean 63 +/- 2% and 60 +/- 2% for immune males and females, respectively, versus 77 +/- 2% and 78 +/- 5% for 50 normal males and females, respectively; P < 0.001). Sheep red blood cell (SRBC) rosetting of lymphocytes was significantly reduced when SRBC were preincubated with sperm extracts (61 +/- 4% versus 9 +/- 2%; P < 0.001) but not when SRBC were incubated with normal serum or when lymphocytes were preincubated with sperm extracts. Antisperm antibody titers in the patients' sera (48 +/- 13) were correlated with their antithymocyte antibody titers (18 +/- 3) (P < 0.01). Moreover, antithymocyte antiserum (titer 1024) cross-reacted with sperm extract (titer 128), and vice versa. This cross-reactivity was significantly reduced by absorption of the sera with sperm cells (P < 0.001), thymocytes (P < 0.001), or white blood cells (P < 0.005). Absorption of autoimmune sperm extracts and seminal plasmas with thymocytes or sperm cells reduced the Coombs' titers, especially immunglobulin G (P < 0.01) and immunoglobulin A (P < 0.025). Similar results were obtained in passive hemagglutiation, immunofluorescence, and cytotoxicity assays. We conclude that sperm and T cells share a common antigen(s).

Absorption↗
PubMed1979

Active and suppressor T cells: diminution in a patient with dyskeratosis congenita and in first-degree relatives.

Active, total and nonspecific suppressor T cells were studied in a 15-year-old black male with dyskeratosis congenita syndrome, a precancerous mucosal disease, and in 7 siblings and several other relatives in three generations. The propositus and 1 elder sister, products of a second-cousin marriage, died with dyskeratosis congenita. The mother had dermatomyositis, and the maternal grandmother and her sister reportedly had rheumatoid arthritis. Studies of available siblings, father, and grandparents revealed a high incidence of deficiency in number of active and/or suppressor T cells, sometimes severe enough to result in a decrease in total T cells. The patient had many stigmata of precocious aging, as did the sibling who died with the same syndrome. The laboratory data suggest that a defect in cell-mediated immunity, involving mainly or exclusively suppressor T cells, is associated with, and is presumably the cause of, precocious aging; perhaps an abiotrophy in this cell subpopulation results in physiologic aging.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Evidence for the synthesis and release of strongly immunosuppressive, noncytotoxic substances by Streptococcus intermedius.

Products secreted by Streptococcus intermedius were studied for their effects on the immune response. Three different preparations of crude extracellular products from S. intermedius (CEP-Si) were found to have powerful suppressor activity in vitro as shown by inhibition of human lymphocyte proliferation (uptake of [3H]thymidine) and protein synthesis in response to a wide variety of stimulants, including mitogens and antigens, and suppression of plaque formation by human cells in response to sheep erythrocytes. CEP-Si was noncytotoxic, because cells incubated with high concentrations of CEP-Si and subsequently washed were viable and recovered their ability to respond to mitogens, and because leukocyte migration was not inhibited by CEP-Si, nor was the release of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor from sensitized lymphocytes. The possibility of antigen or mitogen competition was excluded. The effects of CEP-Si in vitro were time dependent and did not require the presence of monocytes. Cells pretreated with CEP-Si and then washed suppressed plaque formation by fresh autologous cells in highly stimulated cultures. CEP-Si injected into C57BL/6 mice also strongly suppressed their immune response to sheep erythrocytes, and the in vivo suppression was correlated with the effects of CEP-Si in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Activation of human lymphocytes by supernatants from human thymic epithelium.

Supernatants from human thymic epithelial cells (TS) were found to have a mitogenic effect on cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and to potentiate their responses to lectins. This was not observed with culture supernatants from the human cell lines AV-3 and HeLa or from the murine cell line L-929. The maximum potentiating effects were observed with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), whereas the response to concanavalin A (Con A) was only slightly enhanced. TS also potentiated the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) response of normal T cells and thymocytes cultured with mitomycin C-treated B lymphoid cell lines. The mitogenic effect of TS was time-dependent and paralleled the appearance of lymphoid colonies in semi-solid agar. Chromatographical separation of concentrated serum-free TS on Sephadex G-100 yielded an active fraction of molecular weight 15,000--25,000 which had all the activities of unseparated TS.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1979

Assay of immunoglobulins in supernatants of lymphoid cell lines by conventional laser nephelometry.

An adaptation of the nephelometric assay for serum immunoglobulins has been developed for detection and quantitation of extracellular immunoglobulins in cultures of lymphoblastoid cell lines. This assay employs the standard equipment for laser nephelometry and commercial reagents for immunoglobulin quantitation. By adjusting dilutions of controls and sample volumes of culture supernatants, amounts of IgG and IgM below 1 microgram/ml can be detected in culture supernatants. At concentrations between 1 and 4 microgram/ml, day-to-day and within-run variations for IgM assays were 16 and 11% respectively. The possibility of measuring immunoglobulins secreted by cell lines by conventional laser nephelometry opens several areas of application in the study of the functional activity of B cells and of cell-cell interactions.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1979

Stimulators and inhibitors of lymphocyte DNA synthesis in supernatants from human lymphoid cell lines.

Some T and B lymphoid cell lines (LCL) were found to secrete into their supernatants a substance able to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation. This substance produced an increase in [3H]thymidine uptake by mononuclear cells when added to unstimulated cultures (mitogenic effect) or when added to cultures stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) (potentiating effect). When complete supernatants were used, the potentiating effect was sometimes masked by an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Fractionation on Sephadex G-100 separated these two activities. The stimulatory substance eluted at a m.w. range of 15,000 to 30,000, and the inhibitor eluted with the albumin peak. B cells with or without monocytes were the most sensitive to the mitogenic effect, whereas T cells were unaffected. Responses to PHA and PWM were potentiated when T cells were present, but the maximum effect was observed when the proportion of T cells was less than 50%. The stimulatory material may be similar to lymphocyte mitogenic factor and may function as a T cell-replacing factor in B cell stimulation.

Cell Line↗