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Biomedical subjects

J M Goodson

Publications and source records attributed to J M Goodson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Patterns of progression and regression of advanced destructive periodontal disease.

Attachment level at two sites on each tooth in 22 untreated subjects with existing periodontal pockets was measured every month for 1 year. Regression analysis was then applied to the data from each periodontal site to determine if statistically significant trends in attachment level change could be detected. 82.8% of the sites monitored did not significantly change during the year. 5.7% of the sites became significantly deeper and 11.5% of the sites became significantly shallower (P less than 0.01) during the period. Among those sites in which pocket depth increased, approximately half exhibited a cyclic deepening followed by spontaneous recovery to their original depth. In 15 of the subjects, sites were found which became significantly deeper while other sites within the same subject became significantly shallower. In six subjects, who might be considered to have an arrested form of periodontal disease, virtually no sites became deeper during the monitoring period whereas 11-36% of their sites became significantly shallower. The results of this investigation suggest that a dynamic condition of disease exacerbation and remission as well as periods of inactivity may be characteristic of periodontal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Measurement of prostaglandin E in crevicular fluid.

A method for the detection of prostaglandin E (PGE) in crevicular fluid has been developed which provides a sensitive, noninvasive technique for measurement of local concentrations of this mediator of inflammation. Assay sensitivity sufficient for the detection of 4 picograms of PGE2 was achieved by utilizing a high-affinity anti-PGE2 antibody, a solid-state second antibody and low isotope concentrations. The method permits detection of concentrations equivalent to 10(-8) M PGE2 in 1 microliter of crevicular fluid. Crevicular fluid PGE (CFPGE) concentrations were determined in samples from 12 patients with periodontal disease. Patients with periodontitis had significantly higher mean CFPGE concentrations than patients with gingivitis (179.5 +/- 51.4 pg/microliter vs 32.1 +/- 15.5 pg/microliter, mean +/- SEM). Periodontitis sites were selected on the basis of clinical and radiographic evidence of periodontal destruction. Some sites displayed low CFPGE levels, while others had CFPGE concentrations which were elevated tenfold, suggesting the presence of both inactive and active periodontal lesions. CFPGE levels greater than 100 pg/microliter were positively associated with gingival erythema and pain on probing.

Gingival Crevicular Fluid↗
PubMed1981

Concentration of tetracycline in human gingival fluid after single doses.

The concentration of tetracycline in gingival fluid was measured following the oral administration of single doses of 250 or 500 mg. Six volunteers received a single dose of either 250 mg or 500 mg of tetracycline and gingival fluid was sampled at 15-min intervals during the first 2 h, 30-min intervals for the following 2 h and at hours 5, 6 and 7. Four volunteers were given a single dose of either 250 mg or 500 mg and were sampled every hour for 24 h. Gingival fluid was sampled using an intracrevicular technique from four gingival sites and blood was obtained by finger puncture. The concentration of tetracycline in gingival fluid peaked at 3 1/2-7 h achieving average levels typically in the range of 5-12 micrograms/ml. Blood levels peaked at 3-4 h and reached values between 1.0 to 2.6 micrograms/ml. Tetracycline was detectable in gingival fluid at least 19 h after a single dose but rarely was detectable at 24 h. The results demonstrated that tetracycline in the gingival fluid was typically 2-10 times blood levels after a single dose.

Gingival Crevicular Fluid↗
PubMed1981

Tetracycline: levels achievable in gingival crevice fluid and in vitro effect on subgingival organisms. Part I. Concentrations in crevicular fluid after repeated doses.

The concentration of tetracycline in gingival crevice fluid and blood was determined using a sensitive bioassay after oral administration of repeated doses of tetracycline. Crevicular fluid was sampled by an intracrevicular technique from four gingival sites in each individual and blood was obtained by finger puncture. Four volunteers received doses of 250 mg of tetracycline-HCl either every 6 hours or every 12 hours and were sampled at hours 0 to 15, 21 to 36, 48 to 60 and 96 to 102. Volunteers given 250 mg every 6 hours had average crevicular fluid concentrations between 4 to 8 micrograms/ml and blood concentrations between 2 to 2.5 micrograms/ml after 48 hours. The levels in crevicular fluid and blood of volunteers who received 250 mg every 12 hours were 2 to 4 micrograms/ml and 0.3 to 1.4 micrograms/ml respectively after 48 hours. The results demonstrated that after repeated doses of tetracycline the crevicular fluid levels were typically 2 to 4 times the blood levels.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Sensitive assay for measuring tetracycline levels in gingival crevice fluid.

An increased interest in the clinical use of antibiotics as an adjunct to periodontal therapy has created a need to determine antibiotic concentrations in fluid obtained from the gingival crevice. For this purpose, an increase in sensitivity beyond that possible with current tetracycline assays is essential because sample volumes of gingival fluid typically obtained are less than 0.5 microliter. This report describes the development of an agar-diffusion assay technique capable of measuring the concentration of tetracycline in samples of gingival crevice fluid in the range of 0.1 to 4.0 microgram/ml. The assay will detect amounts of tetracycline in gingival crevice fluid samples as low as 50 pg. The high sensitivity of this assay was achieved by optimizing the medium depth, inoculum density, agar concentration, pH, period of prediffusion, and selection of basal medium. Use of this assay indicated that the concentration of tetracylcine in gingival crevice fluid was greater than that found in blood and persisted at elevated levels for longer periods.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1980

Characterization of osteoblast-like cells from fetal rat calvaria.

An improved method is described for the isolation of osteoblast-like cells from fetal rat calvaria. The cells are mononuclear, 8.3 mu in diameter, alkaline phosphate positive, and possess rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi, and cytoplasmic processes. Isolated bone cells synthesize collagen and cholesterol, grow to confluence in primary culture, and respond to hormonal stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Periodontal therapy by local delivery of tetracycline.

The present investigation assessed the feasibility of treating periodontal disease by controlled delivery of antibacterial agents from within periodontal pockets. Tetracycline-filled hollow fibers placed in the gingival sulcus were shown to have a dramatic effect both on the periodontal microflora and clinical manifestations of disease. Furthermore, it was found that drug-filled cellulose acetate hollow fibers are biologically compatible with the environment and can be manipulated by dental personnel to provide drug therapy with less than 1/1000 the amount of tetracycline that would have been used for systemic therapy. Of theoretical importance is the observation that virtual elimination of spirochetes from the gingival sulcus is possible by a single placement of tetracycline-filled hollow fibers, and spirochetes, once eliminated from a site, do not rapidly recolonize despite the persistence of viable organisms elsewhere in the mouth.

Delayed-Action Preparations↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of oral submucosal blood flow at dental injection sites by radioactive Xenon clearance in beagle dogs.

Oral submucosal blood flow was measured at dental injection sites in anesthetized dogs and compared with subcutaneous blood flow. Blood flow was calculated from the measured half-time for clearance of radioactive xenon dissolved in saline. By this method, oral submucosal blood flow was much greater than subcutaneous blood flow and was comparable in magnitude to values reported for cerebral blood flow. Injection of a solution containing 1:100,000 epinephrine at the mandibular canal produce a delayed clearance of isotope which was three times as long as the clearance time for solutions without epinephrine.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1977

Initiation of bone resorption by the classical and alternative C pathways and its mediation by prostaglandins.

Activation of C by immunoglobulins reactive with cell surface antigens stimulated synthesis of prostaglandin E and resultant release of 45Ca from organ cultures of fetal rat bones labeled in utero. Absorption of the C source (rabbit serum) with rat spleen cells or dilution of C abolished this activity which was, however, restored by addition of immunoglobulin preparations from sera of rabbits immunized with either rat erythrocytes or sonicated fetal rat bones. The active reconstitution factors were present in the 50% (NH4)2SO4 cut of the antisera and were eluted from Sephadex G-200 in both the 19S and 7S fractions and from DEAE cellulose in the IgG-containing fraction. The C-dependent resorption of bone by the F(ab')2 fragments of the IgG antibody implicated a role for the alternative C pathway in this event. Complete inhibition of this biologic effect by indomethacin and detection of enhanced levels of prostaglandin E in the media of cultures containing antibody and C demonstrated a role for prostaglandins as mediators in the destruction of bone initiated by immune activation of C.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Spermatic granulomas of epididymis.

This report is of a patient with spontaneous spermatic granuloma of the epididymis, an uncommon condition to occur without antecedent surgery, trauma, or clinical infection.

Epididymis↗
PubMed1975

Stimulation of bone resorption by various prostaglandins in organ culture.

The ability of E, F, A and B prostaglandins to stimulate bone resorption was demonstrated in organ culture. All of the compounds tested were able to increase the release of previously incorporated 45Ca from fetal rat bone by 60 to 135 per cent at maximally effective doses, but prostaglandins of the E series were 10- to 100- fold more potent than F, A or B prostaglandins. Compounds with two double bonds in the side chain were usually more potent than those with one double bond. PGE2 stimulation of bone resorption increased linearly with the logarithm of the medium concentration over the range of 10(-9)M to 10(-5)M, then decreased at higher concentrations. PGE2 stimulated bone resorption more slowly than did parathyroid hormone but caused complete resorption after six days in the culture system. Equilibrium dialysis studies showed no significant binding of F, and 16-34% binding of E and A prostaglandins to bovine serum albumin, which was present in the medium at 1 mg/ml. These differences in albumin binding could not account for differences in potency.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Analysis of human mandibular movement.

The parametric electrical outputs of the six-transducer mandibulograph were used to analyze three-dimensional pathways, displacement profiles, and velocity profiles of selected mandibular areas during jaw movement. This was accomplished by means of digital computer implementation of derived mathematical equations of motion. Five jaw movements were studied: chewing, open-close, right lateral, left lateral and protrusive. The results demonstrate the analytical and diagnostic value of this method and provice new clarification and insight into the nature of mandibular movements. The following observations summarize the principal findings derived from the analysis of jaw movement patterns of a normal patient. The chewing jaw movement exhibited a smoothly coordinated sequence of events. Lateral jaw motion appeared to be prominent during the masticatory phase and throughout the movement cycle. Mastication was abruptly terminated by a vertical desscent of the mandible through the freeway space, until the condyles began their forward movement producing a rotation in the sagittal plane. T occlusal area continued its downward descent along a nearly vertical pathway producing a compressed figure eight pattern in the frontal plane. The open-close jaw movement exhibited minor periods of hesitancy. Jaw movement was initiated with a forward and downward movement of the condyle occurring at the same time as a downward and backward movement of the occlusal area. This motion produced a rotation in the sagittal plane about a moving axis which was not coincident with the intercondylar axis. The general form of the command open-close jaw movement was that of noncoincident curved pathways in the sagittal plane with little lateral displacement. Closing jaw movement occurred with the condyle in a protruded position...

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Complement-dependent stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis and bone resorption.

Complement-sufficient heterologous serum induced prostaglandin synthesis and resultant resorption in cultures of fetal rat long bones. Bone resorption was enhanced with unheated normal rabbit serum as compared to heated serum or serum from rabbits lacking the sixth component of complement (C6). Addition of functionally purified C6 restored resorptive activity in C6-deficient serum. Concentrations of prostaglandin E were increased in the culture media of bones incubated with complement-sufficient serum. The resorptive effects of active serum as well as the appearance of prostaglandin E in the media were inhibited by indomethacin.

Animals↗