Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J M Dunlop.
Crematoria are occasionally asked to cremate non-viable fetuses. Many doctors, especially those associated with crematoria, believe that there will be no cremated residue. However, if the cremation technique is modified, cremated remains are produced. These remains can form a focal point for the parent's grief. Crematoria are urged to ensure their technique yields a residue.
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The effect of stem cell factor (SCF) on the establishment of hematopoietic activity in murine long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) was investigated by addition of SCF to (a) normal LTBMC from the onset of culture and (b) pre-established irradiated bone marrow stroma inoculated with lineage negative (Lin-) primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells enriched on the basis of low rhodamine-123 uptake (Rh-dull). Hematopoietic activity was established more rapidly in LTBMC grown in the presence of SCF (70 ng/mL), and the typical decline in cellularity and progenitor cell content during the first weeks of culture was not observed. SCF also promoted the rapid expansion of progenitor cells derived from Lin-, Rh-dull primitive hematopoietic cells inoculated onto irradiated preestablished bone marrow stroma. The data demonstrate that exogenous SCF augments hematopoietic activity in LTBMC, and that the levels of endogenous SCF elaborated in LTBMC may be suboptimal for expansion of hematopoietic cells.
Cell sorting on the basis of rhodamine-123 (Rh123) fluorescence has been used in conjunction with negative immunomagnetic selection to analyze the high proliferative potential colony-forming cell (HPP-CFC) compartment of normal murine bone marrow and to resolve and enrich HPP-CFC subpopulations responsive to different combinations of the hemopoietic growth factors interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1). HPP-CFC with a specific requirement for IL-1 alpha plus IL-3 plus CSF-1 in order to proliferate were resolved and enriched on the basis of their low Rh123 retention (Rh-dull), whereas HPP-CFC that grew in the presence of IL-3 plus CSF-1, IL-3 alone, or CSF-1 alone were Rh-bright. Further addition of IL-1 alpha to IL-3 plus CSF-1 stimulated few additional HPP-CFC in the Rh-bright fraction. Our data confirm the value of Rh123 as a probe for the dissection and analysis of the primitive hemopoietic stem cell (PHSC) compartment. These data also show that the Rh123 staining characteristics of IL-1 alpha plus IL-3 plus CSF-1-responsive HPP-CFC are consistent with the hypothesis that these HPP-CFC are closely related to PHSC with long-term reconstituting capacity in vivo and that they are among the most primitive progenitors yet detected in clonal agar culture.
In October 1988 combined measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination replaced monocomponent measles as part of the routine childhood vaccination programme in the United Kingdom. Prior to this policy change a study was undertaken in 335 children aged 15 months, to evaluate the clinical reactions and immunogenicity of the new combined MMR vaccine (Trimovax, Immravax, Merieux), in comparison with an established monocomponent measles vaccine (Rouvax, Merieux). Parents were asked to select whether their child should receive MMR vaccine or measles monocomponent; over 95% chose MMR. Children who were given the MMR vaccine had seroconversion rates of 96% for measles, 97% for mumps and 100% for rubella, whilst those who received monocomponent measles vaccine had a seroconversion rate of 100%. The number of side effects reported was similar with both vaccines; all were mild and self-limiting. The results from this study confirm the efficacy and low reactogenicity of MMR vaccine and support its use as part of the routine childhood immunisation programme in the United Kingdom.
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An ultrasonic examination revealed a grossly distended fetal abdomen. Amniocentesis at 19 weeks' gestation showed raised amniotic fluid alphafetoprotein, a second band of specific acetylcholinesterase, and a fetal karyotype 47,XY,+18. The pregnancy was terminated and the necropsy examination showed absence of the urethra, grossly distended bladder, hydroureters, and congenital heart anomalies.
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