Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J M Campbell

Publications and source records attributed to J M Campbell.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Direct spectroscopic determination of functional sulphydryl groups on intact cell surfaces by surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering.

Semi-quantitative and direct determination of labelled sulphydryl groups on the surface of intact erythrocytes has been accomplished for the first time with surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS). The method, which involves the use of citrate-reduced silver colloids, is sensitive and selective. A 10(-8) M effective concentration of picomole quantities of sulphydryl groups was determined in the presence of the normally overwhelming signal from haemoglobin. This seminal study suggests that SERRS may be applied to other in situ, site-directed labelling experiments.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1992

Action of sodium aurothiomalate on erythrocyte membrane.

The number of sulphydryl groups on the erythrocyte membrane has been assessed as a function of nutritional status for two groups of patients, one receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the other receiving sodium aurothiomalate (Myocrisin). The patients receiving NSAIDs had a significantly higher number of sulphydryl groups in both the glucose depleted and glucose activated states than the patients receiving sodium aurothiomalate. The study focuses on the hexose transport protein where there is a specific binding site for gold using the two sulphydryl residues on helices 11 and 12 of the protein. The data suggest that the strong binding of gold to the erythrocyte membrane occurs via thiol pairs rather than by isolated sulphydryl groups and that there are possibly two further binding sites for gold on the membrane, the identities of which are still unclear.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1992

An evaluation of pulsus alternans in closed-chest dogs.

Pulsus alternans is a condition in which the arterial pressure generated by the heart oscillates between two levels on a beat-to-beat basis. We evaluated the onset of pulsus alternans in chronically instrumented dogs subjected to tachycardia and inferior vena caval occlusion. During pulsus alternans, the left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (EDV) was larger before the strong beats (28.7 +/- 5.3 vs. 25.9 +/- 4.5 ml, P less than 0.001 by paired t test), suggesting that the Frank-Starling mechanism participates in the alternating difference in end-systolic pressure. In addition, however, the ratio of pressure to volume at end systole was greater in the strong beats (2.01 +/- 0.36 vs. 1.46 +/- 0.45, P less than 0.005 by paired t test), a difference that cannot be explained by the Frank-Starling mechanism alone. This indicates that there is also a difference in end-systolic inotropic states between strong and weak beats. These changes occurred without significant alterations in beat-to-beat levels of coronary flow. The time constant of isovolumic pressure fall (T) was faster for the strong beats (37.5 +/- 4.2 vs 61.1 +/- 12.7 ms, P less than 0.002 by paired t test). The onset of oscillation in T preceded the onset of changes in LVEDV and LV systolic pressure in every case by an average of seven beats (range 3-11), suggesting that abnormalities of intracellular calcium handling led to the occurrence of pulsus alternans.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Parenting classes: focus on discipline.

Nurses in community settings have an opportunity to provide instruction related to health and life-style needs. An important consideration is the parental role. A particularly controversial and opinion-laden aspect of parenting is disciplining children. Discipline provides children with the security of clearly enforced rules to help them learn self-control and social standards. Parenting classes are worthwhile for people who have little formal or informal preparation. A survey of middle-class elementary school district parents' and childrens' attitudes toward discipline was conducted to develop meaningful parenting classes. Parents' feelings about being a mother or father were surprisingly negative. A parent educational program was developed to cover child growth and development and disciplinary practices. Parent evaluations led to continuation and an expansion of this program to other schools within the area.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Groshong versus Hickman catheters.

There has been an increasing need for safe and efficient means of establishing vascular access in the patient with cancer. Recently, the use of percutaneous cannulation of the central veins, using guidewires, venous dilators and tearaway introducer sheaths, has become a popular method of establishing such access. The greatest concerns with the use of such catheters include sepsis, thrombus formation within the vein and catheter malfunction. The current study compared the incidence of these complications with Groshong (Cath Tech CV catheters with Groshong valve) and Hickman (Bard Access Systems vascular access catheters) catheters. Although there was no significant difference in septic complications and thrombus formation between the two groups, there was a significant (p less than 0.05) difference in catheter malfunction. Patients with Hickman catheters experienced significantly less problems with one way intermittent and one way catheters than did patients with Groshong catheters. We conclude that, based on catheter function, the Hickman catheter appears to be a more favorable alternative when compared with the Groshong catheter in the patient with cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Rural health screening: a case study in coordination.

Collaboration helped a group of health care professionals identify clients' health needs, exchange professional knowledge, offer insight, and plan and implement a health screening program for rural older adults at risk for diabetes mellitus. The authors found collaboration with health professionals to be synergistic and energizing. When nurses with various educational and experiential backgrounds work together, rural clients' needs can be addressed. This project was funded by the American Diabetes Association, Ohio Affiliate.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Incidence of perforation with Goode T-tube.

Two groups of patients from the same era were retrospectively studied in Cincinnati and Chicago. In Cincinnati two subgroups were studied. The first group received myringotomy with insertion of a 'T'-shaped ventilating tube (75 patients, 140 ears, 147 insertions). Fifty-eight ears still had the tube in place, 31 had healed after spontaneous extrusion, 17 had healed after removal of the tube, 20 had persistent perforation after the tube was gone, 2 had a cholesteatoma, and 4 patients (7 ears) were lost to follow-up. The second set received myringotomy and insertion of a small grommet (Donaldson tube, 71 patients, 140 ears, 164 insertions) tympanostomy tube. None could be documented to still have the tube in place, 156 ears healed after spontaneous extrusion, none required removal, 3 ears had a persistent perforation after the tube was gone, none had cholesteatoma, and 5 patients (5 ears) were lost to follow-up. The perforation rate for the T-tube is 13.6% and for the grommet is 1.8% (P = 0.0005). In Chicago, 93 patients who received the Goode T style tube (175 ears, 175 insertions) prior to March, 1986 were evaluated. The degree of retraction of the tympanic membrane preoperatively was recorded. No ears still had the tube in place, 145 had healed after spontaneous extrusion or removal of the tube, 30 had persistent perforation 12 months after the tube was gone, 4 had a cholesteatoma, and 8 patients (15 ears) were lost to follow-up. The rate of perforation is 18.8% which is not statistically different from the Cincinnati rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chicago↗
PubMed1991

Influence of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia on the pattern of left ventricular diastolic filling: a Doppler echocardiographic study.

Previous studies using Doppler echocardiography to evaluate left ventricular diastolic filling have shown that myocardial ischemia induced by coronary balloon angioplasty or atrial pacing results in a decrease in the left ventricular inflow peak early (E) to peak atrial (A) velocity ratio. To investigate the effects of exercise-induced ischemia on Doppler-derived filling variables, 20 patients with coronary artery disease and exercise-induced electrocardiographic changes and regional wall motion abnormalities determined by two-dimensional echocardiography were evaluated and compared with 20 patients without evidence of exercise-induced ischemia. Doppler echocardiography was performed at rest and immediately after exercise before the resolution of exercise-induced wall motion abnormalities. Peak E and A velocities increased from rest to postexercise in both the ischemic and nonischemic groups, although the ischemic group demonstrated a greater increase in peak E velocity (from 68 +/- 15 cm/s at rest to 88 +/- 22 cm/s after exercise) than the nonischemic group (70 +/- 13 to 77 +/- 18 cm/s) (p less than 0.05 for the difference in response between groups). Accompanying these changes was a slight increase in the peak E/A velocity ratio in the ischemic group (1.04 +/- 0.28 at rest to 1.13 +/- 0.42 after exercise) versus a decrease in the nonischemic group (1.07 +/- 0.30 to 0.90 +/- 0.28) (p less than 0.05 intergroup difference).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1991

Renal function after cardiopulmonary bypass in children: comparison of dopamine with dobutamine.

We have compared low dose dopamine with dobutamine in conserving renal function in 142 children younger than 10 yr undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Patients were allocated randomly to receive a continuous infusion of either dopamine 2.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1 (group 1) or dobutamine 2.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1 (group 2) from the time of induction of anaesthesia. Administration of inotropes and diuretics was controlled strictly to agreed regimens. There was no clinical or statistically significant difference between the two groups in postoperative urine output, serum concentration of creatinine, fractional sodium excretion or need for diuretic therapy. This was true also of the subgroup of patients who received no other inotropic support. However, the subgroup of patients in group 1 who underwent periods of CPB in excess of 2 h (n = 17) had persistently greater postoperative serum concentrations of creatinine. Low dose dopamine did not appear to be superior to dobutamine for protection of renal function in these patients.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1991

Autoreactivity in women with endometriosis.

Serum samples from 71 patients with laparoscopically staged endometriosis and from 109 age-matched non-pregnant control women were tested for antibodies to nuclear, phospholipid, smooth muscle and sperm antigens. Immunoglobulin G, M and A and complement components C3 and C4 were measured. Prevalence of the following autoantibodies was statistically significantly greater in women with endometriosis than in the control group: antinuclear antibodies, antibodies to ribonucleoproteins, smooth muscle antibodies, lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibody. Forty-one women with endometriosis (58%) had some type of autoantibody compared with 13 controls (12%). More women in the endometriosis group had IgG and IgM levels above the normal range. This was statistically significant for IgG in women with grade 3 and for IgM in those with grade 4 endometriosis, IgG levels were significantly higher in antibody-positive women with endometriosis than in the control group. Immunoglobulin and complement component levels tended to have a positive correlation with stage of disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Promoting clinical research through collegial relationships.

Collegiality among nurses from education, practice, and administration works with open communication, planning, mutual support, and commitment. A research study conducted as a joint effort succeed by establishing collegial relationships. Preliminary efforts directed at promoting positive collaborative relationships proved worthwhile. Interpersonal conflicts were decreased through goal setting, mutual respect for expertise, and sharing power. Communication guidelines established a framework using knowledge, skills, and abilities; and power shifted according to expertise. The joint research effort demonstrated the benefits of collegiality. The staff nurse met criteria for career ladder progression; administration supported improved patient care; and nurse educators conducted a high-quality research study.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed1990

Oligodeoxynucleoside phosphorothioate stability in subcellular extracts, culture media, sera and cerebrospinal fluid.

Degradation of a synthetic oligodeoxynucleoside phosphorothioate was studied in six systems used for antisense inhibition experiments. Oligodeoxynucleoside phosphorothioates were degraded very slowly at 37 degrees C in all of the systems studied. Measured half-lives of pentadecamers were 12 +/- 1 h in rabbit reticulocyte lysate, 7 +/- 1 h in HeLa cell postmitochondrial extract, 14 +/- 2 h in RPMI 1640 with 10% fetal bovine serum, 8 +/- 1 h in undiluted fetal bovine serum, 9 +/- 1 h in adult human serum, and 19 +/- 7 h in rat cerebrospinal fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Presence of autoantibodies in women with unexplained infertility.

Serum samples from 41 patients suffering from unexplained infertility and 351 normal pregnant women were assayed for a range of autoantibodies by means of immunofluorescence, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, double immunodiffusion, Western blots, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The prevalence of autoantibodies to smooth muscle, phospholipid, and nuclear antigens, the latter when detected by immunofluorescence, was elevated in women with infertility compared with normal pregnant women (p less than 0.001, less than 0.001, and less than 0.05, respectively). Antiviral antibodies were not detected. The reason for the high level of autoreactivity in infertile women is unclear, but smooth muscle and antiphospholipid antibodies may actively interfere with the reproductive process.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1988

The use of warfarin in pregnancy complicated by circulating lupus anticoagulant; a technique for monitoring.

A case is described in which a pregnancy, preceded by two mid-trimester fetal losses, was complicated by deep-vein thrombosis due to the presence of circulating lupus anticoagulant. Warfarin was used as anticoagulant therapy concurrently with high-dose prednisolone. It is suggested that warfarin may have advantages over heparin in managing pregnancies in women with circulating lupus anticoagulant. A technique is described which allowed the monitoring of levels of lupus anticoagulant in the circulation while warfarin is being administered.h3.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Normal in-vivo development of marmoset monkey embryos after trophectoderm biopsy.

A procedure was developed to remove trophectoderm cells from day-8 blastocysts of the marmoset monkey. Using micromanipulative techniques, a tear was made in the zona pellucida opposite the inner cell mass which facilitated the controlled herniation of trophectoderm cells as the blastocysts developed in vitro. After 24 h (day-9 blastocysts) and 48 h (day-10 blastocysts) of culture approximately 20% and approximately 50% respectively of the blastocyst had herniated. The herniated trophectoderm was cut off by freehand and the biopsied blastocysts transferred to recipients. Normal offspring were born but pregnancies could be established from day-10 blastocysts only if the recipients were treated with human chorionic gonadotrophin during early pregnancy. One pregnancy was established after the transfer of three frozen biopsied day-10 blastocysts. Biopsies of 30-50 cells from day-10 blastocysts could be readily grown in vitro as trophoblast vesicles to in excess of 1000 cells but biopsies of less than 20 cells from day-9 blastocysts formed a monolayer of binucleated and multinucleated cells with limited cell replication. Assuming human trophectoderm cells have a similar capacity to the marmoset to grow in vitro, the application of this technique to human blastocysts would provide sufficient cells on which the preimplantation diagnosis of a genetic disorder could be made.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Therapeutic electrical stimulation of the lower limb by epimysial electrodes.

The problem of inadequate hip stability prevents many patients with head trauma, stroke, or spinal injury from balancing on one limb in order to take a step. There is no adequate orthotic substitute for hip instability, and electrical stimulation with surface electrodes cannot effectively activate the deep hip muscles. This report describes a clinical program in which electrical stimulation via surgically placed electrodes is combined with routine tendon lengthening and transfers and physical therapy. The electrodes are fixed to the epimysium and the leads directed subcutaneously to exit the skin at a common site for attachment to a commercially available stimulator. Preliminary results indicate that functional muscle contractions of the deep hip muscles can be obtained with epimysial electrodes and that stimulation can be used to augment walking ability. The results demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous electrical stimulation and contribute to the development of a practical, implanted stimulation system for patients who do not regain hip instability after an upper motor neuron lesion.

Adult↗