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Biomedical subjects

J M Cameron

Publications and source records attributed to J M Cameron.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Increased sensitivity of virus-infected cells to inhibitors of protein synthesis does not correlate with changes in plasma membrane permeability.

Semliki Forest virus-infected BHK cells or herpes simplex virus-infected Vero cells were incubated with the protein synthesis inhibitors hygromycin B and gougerotin. Infected cells take up no more [3H]hygromycin or [3H]gougerotin than do mock-infected cells, at a time p.i. at which either compound is more inhibitory to protein synthesis in infected, than in mock-infected cells. The concentrations of hygromycin and gougerotin required to inhibit protein synthesis in intact cells (irrespective of whether they are infected or not) are several orders of magnitude higher than those required in either permeabilized cells or in cell-free systems. Infected cells take up 86Rb+ at the same rate as mock-infected cells, their intracellular content of K+ is the same, and the activity of the Na+ pump is the same. It is concluded that the increased efficacy of hygromycin and gougerotin in virus-infected cells is a consequence of altered intracellular compartmentation and that increases in permeability of the plasma membrane, if any, are so small as to be undetectable by direct methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The indirect costs of graduate medical education.

This analysis, aimed at measuring the indirect costs associated with hospital teaching programs, found that university teaching hospitals were 33 per cent more costly than nonteaching hospitals with respect to direct hospital costs (excluding overhead) after adjustment for differences in case mix using diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). This study found major teaching hospitals (not administered by a university) to be 18 per cent and minor teaching hospitals 9 per cent more costly than nonteaching hospitals. These cost differentials were due primarily to the greater intensity of services provided in teaching settings rather than to the cost per unit of service. Inclusion of the full costs of physician services reduced the cost differences among teaching categories. Although teaching hospitals, especially university teaching hospitals, are demonstrably more expensive than nonteaching hospitals for the same types of cases, researchers and policy makers must consider the physician-substitution effect. This is particularly important in the light of the current controversy over the integration of physician costs for inpatient services into Medicare's DRG-based prospective-payment system.

California↗
PubMed1985

Managing acute hypertension: cost considerations.

The cost-effectiveness of nifedipine for the control of acute hypertension is analyzed. The study compares routine hospital utilization of a set of patients who were administered nifedipine (the experimental group) with a set of patients who were given nitroprusside (the control group). The experimental group consists of a set of 32 patients who presented to the emergency department with acute hypertension and were treated with nifedipine. The control group is a set of 14 patients who presented with acute hypertension to the emergency departments of two other hospitals. Both experimental and control groups were seen and treated in 1983 and 1984. The patients in the control group were matched/paired with the experimental group patients. Hospital utilization was measured at four times: one, two, three, and four days after admission. For each time, utilization is classified as intensive, intermediate, or routine. In addition, intensive care is further classified according to nursing/patient ratios. Differences in both utilization levels and total costs are compared for the matched control and experimental groups.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Case-mix and resource use in long-term care.

This study developed a case-mix patient classification system for long-term care. Patient assessment and resource consumption data, collected for 1.151 patients within 23 hospital-based and freestanding long-term care facilities in California, were used to develop a patient classification system made up of 13 homogeneous patient groups. The 13 groups, formed on the basis of nine patient assessment variables, explained 68.5% of the overall variance in resource use. The relatively high variance reduction achieved in the creation of a limited number of groups demonstrates the feasibility of developing measures of case mix based on patient resource use for long-term care. Case-mix classification may provide a useful tool for long-term care reimbursement reform.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1978

Ideology and policy termination: restructuring California's mental health system.

The recent profound transformation of the California mental health system is viewed from the perspective of policy termination--that phase in the overall policy process involving the cessation or redirection of policy. State mental hospitals have been phased out, and the responsibility for patients has been shifted to local mental health programs. This article explores the processes of policy and organizational change that occurred with mental health reform and uncovers a number of significant policy outcomes associated with that change. The consequences of the new mental health policy are found to be intimately related to the manner in which previous policy was terminated. In conceptualizing the role of termination, an experimental approach to the development of public policy is contrasted with policy innovation justified on the basis of ideology. It is argued that the numerous resistances to the termination of current policy weaken the prospect of policy innovation. Ideological commitment is the powerful force that overcomes these resistances. But this in turn produces a policy context in which important termination considerations are systematically ignored. The ideology of community mental health, emerging concurrently with changes in certain characteristics of the larger social structure, served to augment and legitimize the redirection in medical health policy. Mental health reform in California, although leading to the provision of services to an expanded population, resulted in the neglect of the more severely disabled.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1976

The Aberdeen formula.

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Nursing Service, Hospital↗
PubMed1976

The Aberdeen formula.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Nursing Service, Hospital↗
PubMed1976

Inhibition of cell division in amoebae: the incorporation of tritiated precursors into Amoeba proteus after the injection of non-homologous cytoplasm.

The injection of non-homologous cytoplasm into any strain of large free-living amoebae leads to a 60% inhibition of division amongst recipient cells. When the post-microsomal supernatant fraction of Amoeba discoides was injected into A. proteus, this inhibition of division was as high as 95%. The incorporation of tritiated precursors, either [3H]uridine or 3H-amino acids, into these inhibited amoebae was studied at various times after the injection of the inhibitory material using autoradiography. When cells were grown in [3H]uridine, autoradiographs indicated that RNA synthesis had ceased 2 days after the injection of non-homologous material. However, if [3H]uridine was injected into the inhibited cells, some synthesis of RNA could be detected up to 4 days after the injection of inhibitor. These results suggested that uptake of [3H]uridine was impaired and that one site of action of the inhibitory molecules was RNA synthesis for membrane components. Experiments with a variety of 3H-amino acids suggested that protein synthesis continued for at least 9 days after the injection of non-homologous cytoplasm, and that in these cells some informational RNA molecules were long-lived. There seemed to be accumulation of material containing [3H]lysine in the nuclei of control cells taken at random from cultures, and this was seen in the nuclei of inhibited cells 1 day after injection. However, 2 days after the injection of inhibitor, no accumulation of [3H]lysine-containing material was found in the nuclei.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Sudden death in infancy in Inner North London.

All cases of sudden infant death occurring over a 2-yr period in Inner North London were subjected to pathological and sociological analysis, using detailed expert interviewing of the mother soon after the event by doctors and Health Visitors. Of the cases showing no cause of death at autopsy (Cot Death) the great majority were found subsequently to have microscopic pathology sufficient to cause death, mainly respiratory tract inflammation. In addition, the majority of the "Cot Death" group had a clinical history of illness and in many of these cases hindsight suggested that the quality of health care could have been improved. Only a small minority of sudden infant deaths were found to have no history of illness and no microscope pathology. The results suggest that most cases of sudden infant death may result from a combination of respiratory infection with either special physiological or special sociological factors.

Age Factors↗