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Biomedical subjects

J M Bruner

Publications and source records attributed to J M Bruner.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Immunocytochemical identification of HIV (p24) antigen in parotid lymphoid lesions.

Antibodies to specific human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) polypeptides are important laboratory markers of HIV infection. We have used an antibody to the major structural gag protein p24 of HIV-1 virus to immunochemically localize this capsid antigen in lymphoid cells from seven of eight patients at risk for HIV infection and who presented with parotid lymphadenopathy and lymphoepithelial cysts of the parotid gland. A clinicopathological assessment of these two manifestations as they relate to HIV infection is also presented.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas: CT and MR characteristics.

Thirty-seven cases of juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma were reviewed retrospectively to determine their CT and MR characteristics. All cases occurred in pediatric patients, except for one in a young adult. There was a propensity for tumors to be located around the third and fourth ventricles. On CT the tumors were all sharply demarcated and smoothly marginated and rarely had associated edema. The lesions tended to be round or oval. The tumor matrix was most often hypo- or isodense with marked enhancement. Cyst formation, either micro- or macrocystic or combined, was frequently observed, and tumor calcification occurred occasionally. On MR the tumors appeared hypo- or isointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. The radiologic appearances of juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas are quite characteristic. By using age of presentation, typical location, configuration, and enhancement patterns, the presurgical diagnosis of juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma can be made with a high index of confidence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Polycystic (dysgenetic) disease of the parotid glands.

Polycystic (dysgenetic) disease of the parotid glands is a recently described developmental disorder of the distal duct system of the glands. Apparently limited to the parotid glands and to females, polycystic disease has a characteristic clinical presentation and a distinctive, if not pathognomonic, histopathologic appearance. Three new cases are added to three in the literature to increase awareness of the entity and reduce misdiagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Salvage chemotherapy for recurrent primary brain tumors in children.

Sixty consecutive evaluable children with recurrent primary tumors of the central nervous system were treated with a regimen of vincristine, nitrogen mustard, procarbazine, and prednisone over a 12-year period. Tumor types included medulloblastoma (19), brain-stem glioma (16), astrocytoma (13), and a miscellaneous glioma (12). Responses and sustained survivals were achieved. Responses were highly dependent on tumor type. Disease progression was halted in 73% of the children with medulloblastoma, and three have survived in complete remission for more than 10 years from the start of therapy with vincristine, nitrogen mustard, procarbazine, and prednisone. Two of four patients with anaplastic glioma, are long-term survivors. In contrast, less than one third of children with brain-stem gliomas responded. Toxicity consisted mainly of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, infections, and rarely a procarbazine rash.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

In vitro cytolysis of primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the posterior fossa (medulloblastoma) by lymphokine-activated killer cells.

Short-term stimulation of nonantigen-primed peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes with interleukin-2 generates a population of oncolytic effectors designated "lymphokine-activated killer" (LAK) cells. These LAK cells express potent lytic activity against a wide spectrum of fresh or cultured autochthonous (patient's own) and allogeneic (unrelated) tumors, yet specifically spare normal tissues. In this study, cells derived from primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the posterior fossa (PNET-PF) were examined for their sensitivity to LAK cytolysis utilizing an in vitro 4-hour chromium-51-release assay. Five early-passage cell lines, derived from primary PNET-PF, demonstrated significant sensitivity to LAK cell cytolysis. Lysis was equally effective in culture medium and cerebrospinal fluid. Three freshly excised PNET-PF exhibited similar susceptibility to lysis by autochthonous LAK cells. Greatly increased expansion of LAK cell cultures could be achieved by short-term stimulation with monoclonal anti-CD3 antibodies in addition to interleukin-2 activation. These findings constitute the preliminary in vitro foundations for potential intrathecal adoptive immunotherapy of PNET-PF with LAK cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Survival and neurologic outcome of infants with medulloblastoma treated with surgery and MOPP chemotherapy. A preliminary report.

The results of treatment of infants with medulloblastoma using surgery and chemotherapy, without the use of radiation therapy, are reported. Both survival and outcome, in terms of growth, neurologic deficit, and intelligence are compared with the same parameters in children treated conventionally. Although preliminary, our results suggest that chemotherapy combined with surgery is a valid option for the treatment of infants with this type of neoplasm.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

Impressions of Dupuytren's disease.

Of the 450 cases seen in may practice (1946-76), 50 cases were rejected for any kind of treatment for various reasons. In an additional 50 cases, fasciotomy was done at a V.A. facility. This procedure was abandoned in favor of bandectomy. Amputation of useless fingers (usually the acutely contracted small finger) was done in 5 cases at the patient's request to remove this occupational hazard. In the remaining 350 cases of primary fasciectomy, there were 2 cases of accidental severance of the digital nerves in the finger, which were repaired at once. These occurred before I began to use the zigzag incision which provides excellent exposure of the N.V. bundles ensuring their safety. With regard to skin slough, when Z-plasty was used early in this series, there was an occasional slough of the acutely angled tip of the transposed flap. After I began to use the zigzag volar incision, and doubtful skin edges were trimmed away, there was no skin necrosis. Antibiotics were used briefly in a few cases where there was intertrigo with skin maceration at acutely flexed PIP joints. The incidence of seroma, hematoma and infection was zero.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Diagnostic electron microscopy using fine needle aspiration biopsies.

Electron microscopy can be a valuable aid to light microscopy in the interpretation of fine needle aspiration biopsies of tumors, but considerable care in procuring and processing the specimen is necessary to recover the tumor cells and avoid altering their fine structure. Fixation followed by filtration through a cloth screen is recommended. Experience with this technique is briefly reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Melanoma arising in a spinal nerve root. Case report.

Melanotic neoplasms of the spinal nerve root are rare but well-documented occurrences. The authors report the case of a 68-year-old woman with a malignant melanotic neoplasm containing premelanosomes and melanosomes and lacking a basal lamina. This tumor was found in a lumbar nerve root and is believed to represent an instance of a primary melanoma arising in a spinal nerve root. The differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions of spinal nerve root includes melanoma, pigmented nerve sheath tumor, blue nevus, melanotic clear-cell sarcoma, and meningeal melanocytoma. Surgeons should be aware of the potential for encountering unexpected malignant lesions involving spinal nerve roots.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Central nervous system tumors.

In this article the authors deal with the morphology of primary tumors of the central nervous system and its coverings. The discussion includes astrocytoma variants/glioblastoma, ependymoma and its variants, subependymoma, choroid plexus papilloma and carcinoma, embryonal CNS tumors, neuronal neoplasms, meningioma, dural hemangiopericytoma (angioblastic mengioma), and hemangioblastoma.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the head and neck.

The head and neck region is a common location for benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) and a rare site for malignant PNST. The diagnostic distinction between schwannoma (neurilemmoma) and benign neurofibroma remains clinically and prognostically important. Most benign PNST are schwannomas, and these do not have a recognized malignant potential. Malignant PNST arise de novo or from benign neurofibromas. The definitive diagnosis of malignant PNST may be difficult or impossible using only routine light microscopy. Electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry are special techniques that may be helpful. The prognosis in patients with malignant PNST depends heavily on the extent of surgical excision, size of the primary tumor, and presence or absence of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis.

Fibrosarcoma↗
PubMed1987

Oligodendroglioma: diagnosis and prognosis.

Oligodendrogliomas represent only 4% to 7% of intracranial gliomas, but accurate diagnosis of this neoplasm is important. They occur almost exclusively in the cerebral hemispheres and are most common in adults in middle life. Although classically associated with calcifications, these may be present in only 50% of cases. Special diagnostic techniques, including touch imprint preparations, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry can be useful in diagnosis. Grading systems correlating with prognosis have not been well established, but two recent careful clinical and pathologic studies have provided concrete and apparently valid criteria for grading. There is some evidence that radical surgical excision improves survival. Most patients receive postoperative radiation therapy. Prospective controlled therapeutic trials are lacking, however.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Tumors of Schwann's cells and pigmented skin cells.

Both melanocytes and peripheral nerve sheath cells have an established origin from the neural crest. Benign and malignant neoplasms of these cells have distinctive ultrastructural features, but there is a group of tumors that has some characteristics of both cell types. The distinguishing feature of melanocytic neoplasms is the presence of cytoplasmic premelanosomes, which indicates cellular synthesis of melanin. Nerve-sheath neoplasms may show ultrastructural variation, but are generally found to have long cell processes associated with basal lamina-like material. Immunocytochemistry can be used to help distinguish tumors of melanocytic and Schwann's cells from unrelated neoplasms.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Acetylcholine receptor clusters are associated with nuclei in rat myotubes.

Clustered and diffuse acetylcholine receptors are present in cultured myotubes. These clustered AChRs represent regions of myotube membrane containing high receptor density. We have studied the distribution of the AChR clusters and nuclei to determine whether there is an association in the distribution of nuclei beneath AChR clusters. AChR clusters were visualized with alpha-bungarotoxin conjugated to tetramethylrhodamine (alpha BTX-TMR) and the nuclei were stained with bisbenzimide which binds specifically to DNA. This double label procedure, and the computerized analysis of the data allowed us to determine the distribution of nuclei and AChR clusters in the same myotube. During early stages of myotube development the nuclei formed aggregates which were comprised of 4 to 10 nuclei in close apposition to one another. This association of AChR clusters with nuclear aggregates was greatest at Day 4 after plating. As the number of nuclear aggregates associated with clusters decreased the number of nuclei in the aggregates also decreased and the AChR clusters decreased in size as well as number. At all time points examined, the concentration of myotube nuclei in the cells was 3 to 12 times higher beneath areas of AChR clusters than away from clusters. Our computerized analysis shows that there is an association of the AChR clusters with the nuclear region during myotube development.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Supratentorial ependymomas: computed tomographic and pathologic correlations.

Of a total of 52 cases of ependymomas, 38 were intracranial, with 15 being supratentorial and 23 infratentorial. Pre- and postoperative computed tomographic scans were correlated with surgical pathologic findings in four cases of supratentorial ependymomas. Pathologic specimens were analyzed from another four cases for which only postoperative scans were available. Seven cases had no computed tomographic studies, but pathology reports were available. Common computed tomography findings for these tumors included para- or intraventricular location, one or more cystic areas within the tumor, and calcifications within the lesion or around its periphery. Proven subependymal spread of tumor was evident by computed tomography in one case. Mixing of ependymoma with oligodendroglioma was present in four cases and with both oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma in two cases. Microscopic calcifications were more frequently seen in ependymomas that were mixed with oligodendroglioma.

Adolescent↗