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Biomedical subjects

J M Antoine

Publications and source records attributed to J M Antoine.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Influence of dietary fat on postprandial glucose metabolism (exogenous and endogenous) using intrinsically (13)C-enriched durum wheat.

The present study evaluates the influence of different amounts of fat added to starch on postprandial glucose metabolism (exogenous and endogenous). Nine women (24 (se 2) years old, BMI 20.4 (se 0.7) kg/m(2)) ingested 1 week apart 75 g glucose equivalent of (13)C-labelled starch in the form of pasta without (low fat; LF) or with 15 (medium fat; MF) or 40 (high fat; HF) g sunflower oil. During the 7 h following meal consumption, plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, triacylglycerols (TG) and insulin concentrations, and endogenous (using [6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose) and exogenous glucose turnover were determined. With MF and HF meals, a lower postprandial glucose peak was observed, but with a secondary recovery. A decrease in exogenous glucose appearance explained lower glycaemia in HF. At 4 h after the HF meal the insulin, insulin:glucose and postprandial blood TG were higher than those measured after the LF and MF meals. Despite higher insulinaemia, total glucose disappearance was similar and endogenous glucose production was suppressed less than after the LF and MF meals, suggesting insulin resistance. Thus, the addition of a large amount of fat appears to be unfavourable to glucose metabolism because it leads to a feature of insulin resistance. On the contrary, the MF meal did not have these adverse effects, but it was able to decrease the initial glycaemic peak.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Ultrasonography compared with magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of adenomyosis: correlation with histopathology.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of transabdominal (TAUS) and transvaginal sonography (TVUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of adenomyosis, and to correlate imaging with histological findings. METHODS: In a prospective study, 120 consecutive patients referred for hysterectomy underwent TAUS, TVUS and MRI. Results of these examinations were interpreted blindly to histopathological findings. RESULTS: Histological prevalence of adenomyosis and leiomyomas was 33.0 and 47.5% respectively. Adenomyotic uteri were accompanied by additional pelvic disorders in 82.5% of cases. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of TAUS and TVUS were 32.5 and 65.0%, 95.0 and 97.5%, 76.4 and 92.8%, and 73.8 and 88.8% respectively. Myometrial cyst was the most sensitive and specific TVUS criterion. In MRI, the presence of a high-signal-intensity myometrial spot was as specific but less sensitive than a maximal junctional zone thickness (JZ(max)) >12 mm and a JZ(max) to myometrial thickness ratio >40%. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of MRI were 77.5, 92.5, 83.8 and 89.2% respectively. No difference in accuracy was found between TVUS and MRI, but sensitivity was lower with sonography in women with associated myomas. CONCLUSIONS: TVUS is as efficient as MRI for the diagnosis of adenomyosis in women without myoma, while MRI could be recommended for women with associated leiomyoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Oocyte donation after the bioethics law. Medical, ethical and legal implications drawn form a series of 300 cases at the Tenon hospital].

This is the perfect example of the problems which are the consequences of the actual medicine. We carried out an ovocyte donation study at the Tenon Hospital, in Paris, between 1994 and 1999 involving 177 cryopreserved thawed embryo transfers among 300 recipients. This study enables us to stress the ethical difficulties posed by the so called bioethical laws of 1994. Simultaneously two consequences became clearly evident: a paucity of donors, and the necessity to only transfer frozen embryos due to decree of 1996 upon sanitary security that imposes the quarantine of embryos for six months. On the other hand, the use of this method has yielded important new information regarding embryo implantation and the importance of ovocyte quality that is closely correlated to donor age.

Bioethics↗
PubMed2000

[Role of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility].

UTERINE DISORDERS: Because they can prevent implantation, anomalies within the uterine cavity play an important role in fertility. The uterine disorders most often observed during hysteroscopy and implicated in infertility are adhesions, septa, polyps, submucous myomas, adenomyosis, endometritis, anomalies of the cervical canal, and lesions of the uterotubal junction. EXPLORATIONS: Hysterosalpingography can be used to evaluate tubal permeability but provides inadequate information about the uterine cavity (numerous false-positives and false-negatives). Pelvic ultrasound is especially helpful for diagnosing interstitial anomalies in the uterus. HYSTEROSCOPY: Diagnostic hysteroscopy also has a place in infertility investigations, for it allows direct visualization of the uterine cavity, the endometrial mucus (endometritis, adenomyosis), and the cervical canal. The examination is practiced on a out-patient basis, without anesthesia, using appropriate small-caliber instruments and irrigation with physiological saline. Surgical hysteroscopy is used to treat these anomalies. Patients receive general anesthesia. A high-frequency, low-voltage electric current is used, and glycine for irrigation. This procedure allows resection of submucous myomas and polyps and of septa and adhesions. Some groups use laser beams and irrigation by physiological saline for these treatments. Coagulation of a superficial focal spot of adenomyosis is not useful in infertility therapy. RESULTS: As assessed by the percentage of patients with each indication who subsequently became pregnant, the results of surgical hysteroscopy have been satisfactory: 62 per cent (%) of cases after myomectomy, 66% after section of uterine septa, and 61% after treatment of complicated adhesions. A new exploration of the uterine cavity will be necessary sometime after the surgery to verify the absence of any iatrogenic disorders (adhesions, myomatous fragments).

Female↗
PubMed2000

Effects of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Bifidobacterium breve on cholesterol.

To determine the validity of the hypothesis of assimilation and/or precipitation of cholesterol by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, culture were undertaken in TPY medium containing oxgall or taurocholic acid. In the case of growing cells, both strains were able to remove cholesterol in the presence of bile salts. Nevertheless, the behaviour was different according to the kind of bile salt. In the presence of taurocholic acid, the removal of cholesterol was due to both bacterial uptake and precipitation. In the presence of Oxgall, bacterial uptake and precipitation were observed for Lactobacillus but only precipitation occurred for Bifidobacterium.

Bifidobacterium↗
PubMed2000

Isolation and characterization of a Lactobacillus amylovorus mutant depleted in conjugated bile salt hydrolase activity: relation between activity and bile salt resistance.

Growth experiments were conducted on Lactobacillus amylovorus DN-112 053 in batch culture, with or without pH regulation. Conjugated bile salt hydrolase (CBSH) activity was examined as a function of culture growth. The CBSH activity increased during growth but its course depended on bile salts type and culture conditions. A Lact. amylovorus mutant was isolated from the wild-type strain of Lact. amylovorus DN-112 053 after mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. An agar plate assay was used to detect mutants without CBSH activity. In resting cell experiments, the strain showed reduced activity. Differences between growth parameters determined for wild-type and mutant strains were not detected. Comparative native gel electrophoresis followed by CBSH activity staining demonstrated the loss of proteins harbouring this activity in the mutant. Four protein bands corresponding to CBSH were observed in the wild-type strain but only one was detected in the mutant. The specific growth rate of the mutant strain was affected more by bile salts than the wild-type strain. Nevertheless, bile was more toxic for the wild-type strain. In viability studies in the presence of nutrients, it was demonstrated that glycodeoxycholic acid exerted a higher toxicity than taurodeoxycholic acid in a pH-dependent manner. No difference was apparent between the two strains. In the absence of nutrients, the wild-type strain died after 2 h whereas no effect was observed for the mutant. The de-energization experiments performed using the ionophores nigericin and valinomycin suggested that the chemical potential of protons (ZDeltapH) was involved in Lactobacillus bile salt resistance.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed2000

Protein feeding pattern does not affect protein retention in young women.

This study was undertaken to determine whether a pulse protein feeding pattern was more efficient than a spread pattern to improve protein anabolism in young women as was already shown in elderly women. After a 15-d adaptive period [1.2 g protein/(kg fat-free mass. d)], 16 young women (age 26 +/- 1 y) were given a 14-d diet providing 1.7 g protein/(kg fat-free mass. d), using either a pulse pattern (protein consumed mainly in one meal, n = 8), or a spread pattern (spreading daily protein intake over four meals, n = 8). Nitrogen balance was determined at the end of both the 15-d adaptive and the 14-d experimental periods. Whole-body protein turnover was determined at the end of the 14-d experimental period using [(15)N]glycine as an oral tracer. Nitrogen balance was 17 +/- 5 mg N/(kg fat-free mass. d) during the adaptive period. It was higher during the experimental period, but not significantly different in the women fed the spread or the pulse patterns [59 +/- 12 and 36 +/- 8 mg N/(kg fat-free mass. d) respectively]. No significant effects of the protein feeding pattern were detected on either whole-body protein turnover [5.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 6.1 +/- 0.3 g protein/(kg fat-free mass. d) for spread and pulse pattern, respectively] or whole-body protein synthesis and protein breakdown. Thus, in young women, these protein feeding patterns did not have significantly different effects on protein retention.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Protein turnover modifications induced by the protein feeding pattern still persist after the end of the diets.

This study was undertaken to determine whether the protein feeding pattern could induce chronic adaptation of protein turnover. After a 15-day adaptive period, elderly (68 yr) and young (26 yr) women received, for 14 days, a diet providing 200 KJ x kg fat-free mass (FFM)(-1) x day(-1), where the daily protein intake (1.7 g protein x kg FFM(-1) x day(-1)) was either spread over 4 meals in the spread pattern or mainly (80%) consumed at noon in the pulse pattern. One day after the end of the dietary treatment, whole body leucine kinetics were measured by use of a continuous [(13)C]leucine infusion, both in the postabsorptive state and in the same fed state. The pulse pattern was able to induce, in young as in elderly women, a lower postabsorptive leucine oxidation and endogenous leucine flux than the spread pattern and improved the responsiveness of nonoxidative leucine disposal during 4-h oral feeding. Thus the pulse pattern was able to induce chronic regulation of protein metabolism in young as in elderly women.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2000

[Secondary cytoreductions in the treatment of ovarian cancers].

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential benefit of secondary cytoreductive surgery for recurrent ovarian cancer. METHODS: Between 1980 and 1993, 85 patients (11 stage Ic, 4 stage IIc, 70 stage III) with an epithelial ovarian cancer were treated after initial surgery with an intraperitoneal and intravenous Cis Platin-based immunochemotherapy. Twenty patients of the 41 who relapsed underwent secondary cytoreductive surgery. RESULTS: Complete resection was achieved in 13 patients (65%) and was optimal with a < 0.5 cm residual disease left in one case. One patient died postoperatively. Surgery was suboptimal for six patients (30%). At a mean follow-up from recurrence of more than 54 months for the surviving patients, five of the 20 reoperated are still alive. All 21 patients who were not reoperated died with a median survival time from recurrence of eight months (10.5 months for the patients who refused to be reoperated and seven months for the patients rejected by the surgeons) against 29 for the 20 reoperated patients (P < 0.004). CONCLUSION: This series is too small to enable us to draw definitive conclusions. Nevertheless, our results seem to suggest the interest of secondary cytoreductive surgery. Indeed, only reoperated patients, above all if surgery was complete or at least optimal, have a chance of long survival. In our opinion, secondary surgical procedure should be proposed to relapsing patients to enhance efficacy of rescue chemotherapy, which is of limited value in bulky tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Therapeutic management of ovarian dystrophy and insufficiency in abortion disorders: recent data].

Many reports suggested that the high rate of miscarriage in women with polycystic ovaries may be due to increased urine and/or plasma LH concentration. In fact, with the exception of pulsatile GnRH, any treatment likely to increase the plasma LH level results in unchanged or rather low miscarriage rates. Conversely, a reduction in this rate by GnRH agonists is not conclusive. Excess weight may also increase the risk of miscarriage. In women with incipient ovarian failure, the miscarriage rate is mainly linked to age. No stimulation has been found to be effective in these patients. There is a need for more extensive evaluation in GnRH analog microdoses, recombinant FSH and GnRH antagonists. Oocyte donations from younger women are difficult to obtain because of the lack of donors in France.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2000

Validation of markers for their relevance to health and disease.

Validation of markers requires two different steps. The first one is the analytical validation including analytical procedures, definition of standard reference, and round-tests analysis. The second one is the assessment of the biological relevance of the selected marker. This biological relevance may be in the field of physiology to measure a physiological function, or in the area of pathology to measure a disease. Validation of markers is a time-consuming task that needs cooperation between laboratories. On the other hand a validated marker is a keystone for scientists to share their results and to explore more efficiently a given biological system.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1999

n-3 and n-6 fatty acid enrichment by dietary fish oil and phospholipid sources in brain cortical areas and nonneural tissues of formula-fed piglets.

Sufficient availability of both n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) is required for optimal structural and functional development in infancy. The question has been raised as to whether infant formulae would benefit from enrichment with 20 and 22 carbon fatty acids. To address this issue, we determined the effect of fish oil and phospholipid (LCPUFA) sources on the fatty acid composition of brain cortical areas and nonneural tissues of newborn piglets fed artificially for 2 wk. They were fed sow milk, a control formula, or the formula enriched with n-3 fatty acids from a low-20:5n-3 fish oil added at a high or a low concentration, or the formula enriched with n-3 and n-6 fatty acids from either egg yolk- or pig brain-phospholipids. Both the fish oil- and the phospholipid-enriched formula produced significantly higher plasma phospholipid 22:6n-3 concentrations than did the control formula. The 22:6n-3 levels in the brain, hepatic, and intestinal phospholipids were significantly correlated with plasma values, whereas cardiac 22:6n-3 content appeared to follow a saturable dose-response. Feeding sow milk resulted in a much higher 20:4n-6 content in nonneural tissues than did feeding formula. Supplementation with egg phospholipid increased the 20:4n-6 content in the heart, red blood cells, plasma, and intestine in comparison to the control formula, while pig brain phospholipids exerted this effect in the heart only. The addition of 4.5% fish oil in the formula was associated with a decline in 20:4n-6 in the cortex, cerebellum, heart, liver, and plasma phospholipids, whereas using this source at 1.5% limited the decline to the cerebellum, liver, and plasma. Whatever the dietary treatment, the phosphatidylethanolamine 20:4n-6 level was 10-20% higher in the brain temporal lobe than in the parietal, frontal, and occipital lobes in the temporal lobe by administering the formula enriched with egg or brain phospholipids. In conclusion, feeding egg phospholipids to neonatal pigs increased both the 22:6n-3 content in the brain and the 20:4n-6 content in the temporal lobe cortex. This source also increased the 22:6n-3 levels in nonneural tissues with only minor alterations of 20:4n-6. These data support the notion that infant formulae should be supplemented with both 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6 rather than with 22:6n-3 alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Blood lipid concentrations of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids at birth determine their relative postnatal changes in term infants fed breast milk or formula.

BACKGROUND: Factors other than dietary fatty acids could be involved in the variability observed in blood docosahexaenoate (22:6n-3) and arachidonate (20:4n-6) status in formula-fed infants. OBJECTIVE: We considered the 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6 status at birth to be one of these factors and studied its influence on postnatal changes in term infants fed 4 different diets. DESIGN: The blood phospholipid composition was determined at birth and on day 42 of feeding in 83 term infants fed breast milk, nonsupplemented formula, or 2 different 22:6n-3-supplemented formulas. Relations between 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6 status at birth and their relative postnatal changes, calculated by the difference between status at the end of the feeding period (6 wk of age) and at birth, were assessed. RESULTS: Postnatal changes in the plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6 were negatively related to their respective concentrations at birth (P < 0.01) and the slopes of the regression lines were not significantly affected by the type of milk ingested. Adjusted mean values for phospholipid 22:6n-3 in nonsupplemented-formula-fed infants and for 20:4n-6 in formula-fed infants decreased significantly more than they did in the other infant groups (P < 0.02). The status at birth and the type of milk ingested explained 33-64% and 7-47%, respectively, of the variability in postnatal changes. CONCLUSIONS: The status of 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6 at birth in term infants is one of the major determinants of postnatal changes in these fatty acids. This finding indicates that research is required to characterize environmental, genetic, or both factors, which, in addition to maternal diet, could influence fatty acid status at birth.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed1999

Protein pulse feeding improves protein retention in elderly women.

BACKGROUND: Adequate protein nutrition could be used to limit gradual body protein loss and improve protein anabolism in the elderly. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that an uneven protein feeding pattern was more efficient in improving protein anabolism than was an even pattern. DESIGN: After a controlled period, 15 elderly women (mean age: 68 y) were fed for 14 d either a pulse diet (n = 7), providing 80% of the daily protein intake at 1200, or a spread diet (n = 8), in which the same daily protein intake was spread over 4 meals. Both diets provided 1.7 g protein x kg fat-free mass (FFM)(-1) x d(-1). Protein accretion and daily protein turnover were determined by using the nitrogen balance method and the end product method (ammonia and urea) after an oral dose of [15N]glycine. RESULTS: Nitrogen balance was more positive with the pulse than with the spread diet (54 +/- 7 compared with 27 +/- 6 mg N x kg FFM(-1) x d(-1); P < 0.05). Protein turnover rates were also higher with the pulse than with the spread diet (5.58 +/- 0.22 compared with 4.98 +/- 0.17 g protein x kg FFM(-1) x d(-1); P < 0.05), mainly because of higher protein synthesis in the pulse group (4.48 +/- 0.19 g protein x kg FFM(-1) x d(-1)) than in the spread group (3.75 +/- 0.19 g protein x kg FFM(-1) x d(-1)) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A protein pulse-feeding pattern was more efficient than was a protein spread-feeding pattern in improving, after 14 d, whole-body protein retention in elderly women.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

A high frequency of Y chromosome deletions in males with nonidiopathic infertility.

Microdeletions of the long arm of the human Y chromosome are associated with spermatogenic failure and have been used to define three regions of Yq (AZFa, AZFb, and AZFc) that are recurrently deleted in infertile males. In a blind study we screened 131 infertile males (46 idiopathic and 85 nonidiopathic) for Y chromosome microdeletions. Nineteen percent of idiopathic males, with an apparently normal 46,XY chromosome complement had microdeletions of either the AZFa, AZFb, or AZFc region. There was no strict correlation between the extent or location of the deletion and the phenotype. The AZFb deletions did not include the active RBM gene. Significantly, a high frequency of microdeletions (7%) was found in patients with known causes of infertility and a 46,XY chromosome complement. These included deletions of the AZFb and AZFc regions, with no significant difference in the location or extent of the deletion compared with the former group. It is recommended that all males with reduced or absence sperm counts seeking assisted reproductive technologies be screened for deletions of the Y chromosome.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Inflammatory and/or locally advanced breast cancers. Difficulty evaluating the response to initial chemotherapy].

At the Tenon Hospital (Paris), 48 inflammatory or locally advanced breast cancers were treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (three different protocols), followed by surgery (mastectomy or tumorectomy and axillary dissection). The histological data of the specimens are analyzed with regard to the clinical and radiologic evolution. Twenty complete clinical responses (41%), 22 partial clinical responses (45%), and no response in six cases (14%) were observed. Histology demonstrated residual tumors in 42 cases (87.5%), even in the case of complete clinical response (14 cases), without notable change of the grade (SBR). Lymph node clearance demonstrated positive nodes in 38 cases (79%). Despite its great agreement with clinical examination, mammography does not predict the existence of histological residual tumors after initial chemotherapy. Chemotherapy allowed local treatment, but can rarely sterilize the tumor completely.

Adult↗