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J M Aguado

Publications and source records attributed to J M Aguado.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Case-control study of risk factors for mediastinitis after cardiovascular surgery.

We report results of a case-control study in which we evaluated 41 risk factors potentially associated with the development of postsurgical mediastinitis. There were 163 case patients and 326 control patients. Independent risk factors kept in the final multivariate logistic regression model were obesity (defined as a body mass index of greater than 30), diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, preoperative stay longer than 1 week, pulmonary hypertension, perioperative myocardial infarction, and reoperation.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Individualized evaluation of the risk of infections in the oncohematologic patient].

In order to take the best approach to infection in the oncohematologic patient with fever, it is important to know not only how profound the neutropenia is and how long the patient has had it, but also the characteristics of the underlying disease, the immunosuppressive therapy received and the type of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell transplantation performed. Moreover, is important to consider if these patients have any personal or familial history of infectious diseases. All these aspects let us calculate the net state of immunosuppression and the risk of infection, and provide us with information about the most probable etiology in each case and the best prophylaxis and treatment. In this study we review the more important advances in chemotherapy in recent years that will make it necessary in the future to change our prophylactic guidelines for more effective prevention of infection in the oncohematologic patient.

Fever↗
PubMed2005

Risk factors for invasive aspergillosis in solid-organ transplant recipients: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: To facilitate the design of strategies for prevention of invasive aspergillosis in solid-organ transplant recipients, this study investigates whether the development of early-onset and late-onset aspergillosis are related to different risk factors, thereby distinguishing 2 risk populations for this serious complication. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was performed, including 156 cases of proven or probable invasive aspergillosis in patients recruited from 11 Spanish centers since the start of the centers' transplantation programs. RESULTS: Among all patients, 57% had early-onset IA (i.e., occurred during the first 3 months after transplantation). Risk factor analysis in this group identified as significantly associated risk factors a more complicated postoperative period, repeated bacterial infections or cytomegalovirus disease, and renal failure or the need for dialysis. Among patients with late-onset infections (i.e., occurred > 3 months after transplantation), who comprised 43% of cases, the patients at risk were older, were in an overimmunosuppressed state because of chronic transplant rejection or allograft dysfunction, and had posttransplantation renal failure. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors in patients with early-onset cases and patients with late-onset cases of posttransplantation invasive aspergillosis are not the same, a fact that could have implications for the preventive approaches used for this infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Accuracy of blood culture for early diagnosis of mediastinitis in febrile patients after cardiac surgery.

Postsurgical mediastinitis (PSM) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery procedures. Although prompt diagnosis is crucial in these patients, neither clinical data nor imaging techniques have shown enough sensitivity or specificity for early diagnosis of PSM. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of blood cultures as a diagnostic test for the early detection of PSM in patients who become febrile after cardiac surgery procedures. During a 4-year period (1999-2002), patients who developed fever (>37.8 degrees C) in the first 60 days after a cardiac surgery procedure were evaluated. Blood cultures were drawn from these patients. PSM was defined as deep infection involving retrosternal tissue and/or the sternal bone directly observed by the surgeon and confirmed microbiologically. Three criteria for positivity of blood cultures were applied: bacteremia, staphylococcal bacteremia, or Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. For purposes of the analysis, a positive blood culture in patients with PSM was considered a true-positive test and a negative blood culture a false-negative test. Otherwise, in febrile patients without PSM in the postsurgery period, a positive blood culture was considered a false-positive test and a negative blood culture a true-negative test. Blood cultures were drawn from 266 febrile patients in the postsurgery period. PSM occurred in 38 patients (26 cases due to S. aureus, 8 to Staphylococcus epidermidis, 3 to gram-negative enteric bacteria, and one to Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Within the 60-day postsurgical period, blood culture as a diagnostic test was most accurate in patients with S. aureus bacteremia, providing 68% sensitivity, 98% specificity, a positive predictive value of 87%, and a negative predictive value of 95%. If the analysis was limited to the period during which patients are at maximum risk for PSM (day 7-20), the values in patients with S. aureus bacteremia were as follows: 73% sensitivity, 98% specificity, 90% positive predictive value, and 93% negative predictive value. Blood culture is an accurate test for the early diagnosis of PSM in febrile patients after cardiac surgery, particularly in institutions where S. aureus is prevalent in this context. A negative blood culture practically excludes PSM and, during the period of maximum risk for PSM, the presence of S. aureus bacteremia should compel early surgical management.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed2005

Is double renal transplantation a risk factor for cytomegalovirus disease?

We performed a retrospective study to identify the risk factors for cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease among 570 renal transplant recipients. By means of a multivariate analysis we identified antilymphocyte antibody therapy (odds ratio [OR]: 4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0 to 10.6), high doses of corticosteroids (OR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.2 to 10.1), and double renal transplant (OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.5 to 11.5). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to suggest that in addition to other well-known risk factors for CMV disease (ie, therapy with anti-lymphocyte antibodies or high doses of corticosteroids), the use of double renal transplantation appears to increase the risk of CMV disease in this population.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2005

Efficacy and safety of valgancyclovir as preemptive therapy for the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients.

We prospectively followed 70 CMV-seropositive solid organ transplant recipients to evaluate the efficacy and safety of valganciclovir (VGCV) as preemptive therapy based on antigenemia test to prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. From December 2003 to May 2004, 12 of 70 (17%) asymptomatic patients who showed an antigenemia value > or =25 positive cells per 2 x 10(5) polymorphonuclear (PMN) were treated with VGCV (900 mg twice a day adjusted to renal function) until resolution of CMV antigenemia, a minimum of 14 days. No patient developed CMV disease during follow-up. Only one who showed an asymptomatic relapse of the antigenemia test > or =25 positive cells was successfully treated with a repeated course of VGCV. Mean duration of VGCV therapy was 18 days (range, 14 to 28). Antigenemia was negative in 7 of 12 (58%) patients after 14 days and negative in all patients 4 weeks after the administration of VGCV. No significant side effects were associated with the use of VGCV therapy. Preemptive VGCV therapy is safe and effective in the prevention of CMV disease in seropositive solid organ transplant recipients.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of cytomegalovirus viral load measure by real-time PCR with pp65 antigenemia for the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant patients.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most frequent complication in solid organ transplant recipients. Currently, the antigenemia assay is widely used to detect this infection, although its success is being questioned to a great extent nowadays. The aim of our study is to compare a quantitative real time PCR to measure CMV DNA to the antigenemia assay, for the diagnosis to CMV disease. For our research, we prospectively processed 1198 samples (plasma and peripheral blood leukocytes [PBMC]), which belonged to 158 transplant recipients. In every sample the detection of the pp65 antigen in PBMC was carried out, as well as the quantification of CMV DNA by PCR (Light Cycler, LC-PCR). For this process, FRET probes, which detect a 254-bp fragment from the CMV gB gene, were used. The dynamic range of the LC-PCR was 500 to 5.10(7) copies/mL plasma and from 62 to 6.10(6) copies/10(6) PBMC. Twenty-three episodes of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease occurred in 22 out of 158 patients and PCR displayed levels of sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 67%, respectively. The antigenemia assay obtained values of 91% and 57%. We established a cutoff value of 10(3) copies/mL plasma and 315 copies/10(6) cells. According to these cutoff values, PCR showed levels of sensitivity, specificity, VPN and VPP of 95.6%, 81.6%, 99%, and 53% respectively. Moreover, the LC-PCR assay anticipated the antigenemia assay in 10 patients out of 22 who developed CMV disease and the appearance of any clinical symptoms in 12 out of 22 patients. In conclusion, we believe that the quantification of CMV DNA by LC-PCR is a superior assay to pp65 antigenemia test regarding the early diagnosis of CMV disease in solid organ transplant recipients.

Cytomegalovirus↗
PubMed2005

[Usefulness of liposomal amphotericin B for the prophylaxis of fungal infection in solid organ transplant recipients].

Solid organ transplantation is the best alternative for the treatment of end-stage kidney, liver, heart, pancreas and lung failure. Fungal infections (the most frequent are Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp.) are associated with highest mortality in solid organ transplantation. The systemic use of liposomal amphotericin B has only been studied in liver transplant recipients. The main conclusions that can be drawn from the five studies that have been published are: 1) for the prophylaxis to be effective against Aspergillus spp., a dose of 5 mg/kg/day must be used; 2) its use must be reserved for situations with the highest risk for invasive fungal infections: retransplantation, the need for resurgery and, mainly, for those patients needing haemodialysis. Preliminary studies for the prophylactic use of nebulized liposomal amphotericin B in lung transplant receptors are promising.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed2005

[Risk of superinfection related to antibiotic use. Are all antibiotics the same?].

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of using different antibiotics on the risk of acquiring a bacterial or fungal superinfection in hospital-acquired infections. A systematic review of the literature using the PubMed (Medline) database from January 1990 to December 2003 was performed. We selected only those studies with at least 25 patients in each arm in which the clinical efficacy of several antibiotics (third generation cephalosporins, fluorquinolones, piperacillin-tazobactam and carbapenems) were evaluated for the treatment of severe infections, and which specifically reported the rate of superinfection. The microorganisms most frequently implicated in the development of superinfection were: Candida spp. (42.3%), Enterococcus spp. (18.8%), enterobacteria (13.8%), Staphylococcus spp. (9.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.6%), and Clostridium difficile (4.1%). The antibiotic most frequently related to superinfection was ciprofloxacin (38.1%), followed by cefotaxime (23.3%), imipenem (12%), meropenem (10.2%), and cefepime (6.1%). The lowest percentage of superinfection was observed with the use of piperacillin-tazobactam (5.4%).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

[Treatment of invasive fungal infections with voriconazole. Evaluation of experience with compassionate use of voriconazole in Spain].

Although voriconazole shows an advantageous microbiological and pharmacological profile with respect to amphotericin B and other antifungals, the cumulative experience with the use of voriconazole in patients intolerant to other antifungals or with refractory invasive fungal infections is still limited. We performed a retrospective analysis of the charts of 48 patients in 26 Spanish hospitals who were diagnosed with invasive fungal infections due to filamentous fungi or yeasts and had received voriconazole (between 1999 and 2002) as part of a compassionate use program for a mean of 59.2 days (range 1-748 days). The favorable response rate in patients with invasive, refractory aspergillosis who were treated exclusively with voriconazole was 8/12 (66%). This response rate increased to 10/12 (83%) when two other cases treated with a combination of voriconazole plus caspofungin were included. In patients with invasive candidiasis the response rate was 66% (6/9). A favorable response was achieved in 12/17 (70%) patients with invasive fungal infections due to other difficult to treat fungi (Scedosporium spp., Fusarium spp., Blastoschizomyces spp.). The tolerability and safety profile of voriconazole was good; only four patients required discontinuation of treatment due to side effects. Voriconazole is a well-tolerated, effective antifungal for the treatment of patients with refractory invasive fungal infections due to Aspergillus spp., Candida spp. and fungi resistant or refractory to other treatments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Mycobacterium fortuitum complex endocarditis-case report and literature review.

Endocarditis due to Mycobacterium fortuitum complex is a rare entity generally linked to the hospital environment. Only 18 cases have been published since 1966. Here we present a case of a female who developed an endocarditis due to Mycobacterium chelonae after valve replacement as well as a review of the literature. The course of this kind of endocarditis is generally subacute and the outcome is usually fatal. Blood cultures were positive in 75% of cases of metallic valve endocarditis, versus 20% in bioprostheses. The treatment must include antibiotics that have shown activity against these mycobacteria, such as amikacin, imipenem, cefoxitin, fluorinated quinolones and macrolides (especially clarithromycin). Surgical removal is recommended. Although the prognosis for the patient is poor, we should expect better outcomes with the use of new antibiotic regimens.

Aortic Valve Insufficiency↗