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Biomedical subjects

J Lyon

Publications and source records attributed to J Lyon.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Components of nurse innovation: a model from acute care hospitals.

Components that promote nurse innovation in acute care hospitals are explicated in the Acute Care Nursing Innovation Model. Grounded in nursing care delivery systems and excellent management-organizations perspectives, nurse executives and 30 nurse "intrapreneurs" from 10 innovative hospitals spanning the United States shared their experiences and insights through semistructured, tape-recorded telephone interviews. Guided by interpretive interactionist strategies, the essential components, characteristics, and interrelationships are conceptualized and described so that others may be successful in their innovative endeavors. Successful innovation is dependent on the fit between and among the components; the better the fit, the more likely the innovation will succeed.

Creativity↗
PubMed1988

Experimental technique for the conservation of private lands.

A community-based sanctuary for the black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) has been established on 18 square miles of riverine forest along the Belize river, Belize. It is based on voluntary signed pledges by subsistence farmers to abide by management plans for their lands. Conservation-education programs which impact favorably on the villagers are being carried out.

Alouatta↗
PubMed1987

Exploring psychiatric prescribing practices: the relationship between the role of the provider and the appropriateness of prescribing.

The prescribing habits of psychiatrists and neurologists in a large, urban Veterans Administration medical center were surveyed. It was determined that these physicians prescribed a large amount of nonpsychotropic medication, and the rationale for this practice was explored and is presented. Patient expectations in this population derived from certain established sociocultural biases toward the medical profession appeared to significantly influence prescribing practices. Such prescribing behavior suggests that the psychiatrist in this setting is often required to assume the role of primary care provider as part of a larger patient therapist relationship.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1985

Use of fluorodinitrobenzene to identify monoclonal antibodies which are suitable for conjugation to periodate-oxidized horseradish peroxidase.

During the recent development of a double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting malaria sporozoites in mosquitoes it was found that a large number of potentially useful monoclonal antibodies lost their capacity for binding antigen after conjugation to periodate-oxidized horseradish peroxidase (HPO). Since HPO reacts with primary amino groups, we used a simple chemical reaction with fluorodinitrobenzene (FDNB) to determine if the loss of antigen binding was due to the requirement for unmodified primary amino groups in the binding site. FDNB-treated antibodies which reacted with antigen in an indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA) also yielded successful HPO-antibody conjugates. Conversely, those antibodies which did not react with antigen after treatment with FDNB failed to produce useful HPO-antibody conjugates. These data suggest that conjugation of oxidized HPO to primary amines in or near the antigen-combining site yields conjugates in which the antibody is inactive. Use of FDNB to predict the suitability of antibodies for conjugation to periodate-oxidized HPO may save a considerable amount of time over randomly selecting antibodies for conjugation and testing.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Where do medically qualified researchers come from?

262 doctors in research oriented posts completed a questionnaire on their career and influences upon it. 14% did not regard themselves as committed to a career in research. Of those who did, less than one-third made their choice by graduation; almost half did so 3 or more years after qualification. For 41%, research was a planned career; 39% developed their interest within a job that was not necessarily research oriented; and 20% entered research fortuitously. 29% of the sample had undertaken intercalated degrees. 50% had a higher medical degree, 14% had a non-medical research degree, and a further 11% had both; 25% possessed neither. The most frequently reported positive influence on the decision to follow a research career was intrinsic motivation (eg, interest in a particular subject), though a teacher or mentor had a considerable influence on the decision of 59% of respondents. Only 40% of respondents did some research at medical school; of these, 43% thought that it had positively affected them considerably, and only 16% that it had not done so at all.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1985

[Acute gonococcal salpingitis].

The authors describe their experience in handling cases of acute salpingitis in a retrospective study that lasted six years. The protocol of investigation in particular consisted in routine laparoscopy and a complete bacteriological investigation. 266 patients had laparoscopy on suspicion of salpingitis and the diagnosis was confirmed in 199 cases (64.8%). Out of the 134 patients who were fully explored bacteriologically and kept in the study the principal group consisted of cases of gonococcal salpingitis (41.8%), whereas 29.8% of the cases had infection with opportunistic pathogens and 28.3% were of doubtful aetiology or where no bacteria were discovered. The figures for recovery of gonococcal bacteria were constant throughout the six years of the study. Gonococcal salpingitis occurred more often in younger women (the mean age was 24.4 years). The signs that were statistically most frequent were: discharge, metrorrhagia and a raised sedimentation rate. The differences that concerned the epidemiology of the cases as well as the clinical and bacteriological data as given in our series and in the literature are presented and discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Penetration of cefoperazone into surgical wound drainage in patients undergoing head and neck surgery.

Cefoperazone penetration into skeletal muscle and wound drainage in patients undergoing major surgery of the head and neck was measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Cefoperazone (2 g) was infused over 30 min before surgery and every 8 h for three postoperative doses. Simultaneous samples of serum and sternomastoid muscle were collected in 18 patients at 135 to 480 min after infusion. Mean cefoperazone concentrations in muscle tissue were 17.1% of those in simultaneously collected serum. Steady-state wound drainage concentrations after the fourth dose of cefoperazone averaged 55.2 micrograms/ml at 1 to 2 h and 62.1 micrograms/ml at 2 to 3 h. Simultaneous steady-state serum and wound fluid samples were obtained at regular intervals in six patients. In all patients, the peak level in wound fluid exceeded 25 micrograms/ml. Thus, cefoperazone reaches interstitial fluid concentration in soft tissue that exceeds the MICs required to inhibit the usual pathogens found at the site of wound infection after head and neck surgery.

Cefoperazone↗
PubMed1984

Peliosis hepatis: diagnosis by magnification wedged hepatic venography.

Benign hepatic tumors and peliosis hepatis developed in a patient who had received androgen therapy for three years. The tumors were identified by arteriography. Peliosis hepatis was diagnosed by wedged hepatic venography: to our knowledge, this method has not been previously used to diagnose this condition. Wedged venography, performed four months after withdrawal of androgen therapy and after liver function had nearly returned to normal, demonstrated morphologic improvement as well. On the basis of this case and other histologic descriptions of peliosis hepatis, we believe that wedged hepatic venography is a simple, sensitive, and specific diagnostic modality.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Third-generation and investigational cephalosporins: II. Microbiologic review and clinical summaries.

In vitro susceptibility of Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Hemophilus influenzae, Bacteroides fragilis, and Neisseria gonorrhea to three new second-generation and eight third-generation cephalosporins is tabulated. In general, the newer cephalosporins have an extended spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacteria, including Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Neisseria gonorrhea. They also tend to be active against anaerobes, including Bacteroides fragilis. However, they generally have less activity against gram-positive bacteria when compared with the first- and second-generation cephalosporins. Clinical summaries are given for each of the cephalosporins, with emphasis on the results of comparative clinical trials. These cephalosporins may prove especially useful in nosocomial infections with resistant organisms, intraabdominal infections, febrile episodes in the granulocytopenic patient, and meningitis.

Bacteria↗