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Biomedical subjects

J Lous

Publications and source records attributed to J Lous.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Screening for secretory otitis media: evaluation of some impedance screening programs for long-lasting secretory otitis media in 7-year-old children.

In an unselected cohort of 387 seven-year-old children 90% had all 9 planned impedance audiometries during their first year at school. The results from these 348 children were analyzed in different impedance screening programs, as 3 consecutive screening series, each comprising two or 3 tests at an interval of 4-8 weeks. The specificity of the ASHA and Nashville programs was too low in finding long-lasting secretory otitis media, namely about 70%, so that there were too many false positive cases. Therefore, a new impedance screening program was designed. It had about the same sensitivity (80%) but a far better specificity (95%) than the ASHA and Nashville programs. The predictive value of a positive test was 15% in the ASHA and Nashville programs, but 3 times better (48%) in the designed Hirtshals program. The Hirtshals program had a referral rate of 9% compared with the 32-36% in the ASHA and Nashville programs. The frequencies of retesting were 31% in the ASHA program, 52% in the Nashville Program and 45% in the Hirtshals program. Before general screening for long-lasting secretory otitis media can be recommended, additional information is needed.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1984

A 5-year prospective case-control study of the influence of early otitis media with effusion on reading achievement.

In a still ongoing prospective longitudinal study, more than 500 children--a total birth-cohort in a Danish municipality--were followed from their 3rd to their 9th year of life by multiple impedance tests in order to investigate a number of factors concerning epidemiology and long-term impacts of otitis media with effusion. This is a report on the influence of otitis media with effusion early in life on reading achievement. The study revealed no difference in school-class level between the 9% of the children (n = 46) who constantly had abnormal tympanometry during a 6-month period at the age of 3, and the other pupils in the municipality. At the Silent Reading Test (OS-400), done on 40 of the 46 case-pupils the results did not differ from (1) the other pupils in the municipality, (2) from other pupils of the same sex in the same classroom, or (3) from individual control-pupils matched by sex, social group and classroom.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1983

Three impedance screening programs on a cohort of seven-year-old children. Can serial impedance screening reveal chronic middle ear disease?

In an unselected cohort of 387 seven-year-old children 90% got all 9 planed tympanometries in the first year at school. The results from these 348 children had been analysed in three different impedance screening models, as 3 consecutive screening series, each comprising two or three tests with an interval of 4 to 8 weeks. The specificity of the ASHA and Nashville models were too low, about 70%, there were too many false positive cases. Therefore a new impedance screening model, was constructed. It had about the same sensitivity (80%) and a fare better specificity (95%) than the ASHA and Nashville models. The predictive value of a positive test was 15% in the ASHA and Nashville models but three times better (48%) in the Hirtshals model. The Hirtshals model had a referral rate of 9% compared with the 32-36% in the ASHA and Nashville models. The frequencies of retesting were 31% in the ASHA model, 52% in the Nashville model and 45% in the Hirtshals model.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1981

Epidemiology and middle ear effusion and tubal dysfunction. A one-year prospective study comprising monthly tympanometry in 387 non-selected 7-year-old children.

In a Danish school district comprising 387 7-year-old pupils 10 electroacoustic otoadmittance tests showed in the course of one year a 31% total morbidity of middle ear effusion (MEE), while 30% constantly had normal tympanograms on both sides. The point prevalence of MEE ranged from 9 to 3%, highest during the winter and spring months. In most cases MEE was present only at one examination, but in one-quarter of the cases it persisted for 3 months or longer. Spontaneous recovery occurred in a mean of about 2 months. MEE setting in during the period september to February lasted longer than cases setting in at other times of the year. The middle ear status was extremely dynamic, about one-quarter of the children changing status (type of tympanogram) between consecutive tests and 17% 5 or more times. Spontaneous improvement was frequent (90%) and so was complete recovery (76%), but in about one-third of the cases there was recurrences. It is emphasized that an indication for treatment cannot as a rule be based on one test and should await observation for about 3 or 4 months.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1979

Prospective tympanometry in 3-year-old children. A study of the spontaneous course of tympanometry types in a nonselected population.

For six months we observed all 3-year-old children showing type B or C tympanograms at a prevalence study in a geographically limited area (372 ears or 37.2% of the screened total) to study the spontaneous course of middle ear effusions. A considerable test-retest stability was found only for type B. In type C, such stability was equally rare whether the middle ear pressure was highly or only slightly negative. Conversion to type A was observed in about 70% of cases. Ears having a middle ear pressure from -100 to -199 mm H2O almost always returned to normal. The tendency for a negative middle ear pressure or middle ear effusion to develop was the same for both sexes. Conversely, the prognosis of an effusion, once formed, differed significantly, with only girls showing a brief course. Accordingly, a sex-differentiated evaluation appears to be needed in preschool tympanometric screening, and should be included in all clinical considerations when middle ear effusion is demonstrated in young children.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1979

Tympanometry in three-year-old children. A cohort study on the prognostic value of tympanometry and operative findings in middle ear effusion.

The operative findings in a homogeneous, preoperatively followed population of 46 3- to 4-year-old children with middle ear effusion treated by adenotomy and paracentesis were correlated with the results of pre- and postoperative tympanometry. Factors of prognostic value were only the immediate type of tympanogram and the quantity of the middle ear effusion, not its viscosity. The combination of the determinative factors divided the material into four groups showing a different course through a 6-month postoperative follow-up. A flat tympanogram and impacted fluid spelt the poorest prognosis, with about 60% recurrences. The influence of the results upon a differentiated treatment of secretory otitis media in the younger age groups is outlined.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1977

Tympanometry in three-year-old children. I. A regional prevalence study on the distribution of tympanometric results in a non-selected population of 3-year-old children.

Epidemiological data on middle-ear pathology during pre-school age are lacking the striking frequency of middle-ear symptoms in this age group. To evaluate the applicability of the impedance test in the younger age groups and to make an epidemiological study of the distribution of tympanogram types in a normal group of pre-school children, an attempt was made to examine all 523 3-year-olds in a limited geographic area. 1005 ears in 504 children (96.4% of those invited) were fully investigated with tympanometry and otoscopy with Siegle's speculum within 4 weeks. 62.8% of the ears showed type A tympanometric curves, 9.8% type B and 27.4% type C. Bilateral type A tympanometric curves were found in 276 children (55.4%). The prevalence of abnormal tympanometry proved to be unexpectedly high in both sexes. This finding is discussed. Even with the use of conventional technique and standard equipment, the 3-year-old clientele presented no testing problems.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗