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Biomedical subjects

J Lorber

Publications and source records attributed to J Lorber.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Reciprocal neurological developments of twins discordant for hydrocephalus.

Studies of 10 sets of twins discordant for hydrocephalus in early life revealed striking differences in degree and nature of development of verbal vs. non-verbal cognitive functions, birth order, and hand and eye preference. Despite similar (four dizygotic pairs) or identical (six monozygotic pairs) genetic endowment and grossly similar intra- and extra-uterine environmental and socio-economic influences, the consistency of the differences between the hydrocephalic children and their seemingly normal twins indicate systematic differences in pre-, peri- and/or early postnatal organization and development of hemispheric function. Follow-up studies also documented development of above-average intelligence, despite drastically reduced cerebral mantle size in hydrocephalus of early onset. The atypical patterns of development of the non-hydrocephalic twins also confirm previously described qualifications reported in studies of the significance of genetic vs. environmental factors in twins.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Pulmonary meningioma. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features.

Two cases of solitary primary pulmonary tumors showing the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of meningothelial meningiomas are presented. The benign clinical and radiologic course, the negative computed tomography scan of the brain (case 1), and negative neuropathologic investigation (case 2) support the diagnosis of a primary pulmonary meningioma rather than a metastazing malignant intracranial meningioma. Negative neuroendocrine markers (neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin, bombesin) and the lack of neurosecretory granules by electron microscopy confirm the diagnosis of this rare pulmonary tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

In vitro fertilization and gender politics.

From the point of view of the couple rather than the individual, infertility is in many ways a social rather than a physiological problem. Originally developed to bypass the blocked or missing Fallopian tubes of infertile women, IVF treatment has expanded to cases of male infertility due to poor sperm motility or low sperm count. In these cases, the woman may be physiologically normal reproductively, but nonetheless must undergo hormonal stimulation, sonargrams, and laparoscopy. Health care professionals so take it for granted that the most sophisticated techniques will be sought for correction of patients' problems that they rarely question patients on their motivations to undergo discomforting, expensive, and possibly dangerous treatments. Despite our culture's emphasis on motherhood, men are often the dominant partner in reproductive decisions. The increasing popularity of the use of IVF treatment in cases of male infertility is understandable in the light of men's investment in biological parenting and women's willingness to take on the physiological responsibility for treatment.

Female↗
PubMed1986

[Course and blood coagulation findings following systemic short-term fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarct].

UNLABELLED: A series of 16 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction was investigated with respect to changes in coagulatory parameters after intravenous short-term treatment with 1,500 000 IU streptokinase (SK) over a period of 90 minutes. Samples for coagulation assays (fibrinogen, thrombin, time activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), normotest, thrombin-coagulase time, platelets, antithrombin III, plasminogen and antiplasmin activity, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, factor X a were collected before and immediately after iv SK, and after 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours. Platelets, antithrombin III, factor X a, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin showed no changes over the observed period. The concentrations of fibrinogen and the activities of plasminogen and antiplasmin decreased clearly during the first 24 hours, reaching a minimum immediately after SK administration. Thrombin time and aPTT were prolonged for 36 hours, with a maximum in the first hours after lysis. CONCLUSIONS: Invasive diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures during the first 24 hours after SK lysis should be carried out only for a definite, strict indication and under repeated control of the coagulatory status. After 24-36 hours there is a trend to normalisation of haemostasis. After 36 hours, surgery may be performed without fear of complications due to abnormal coagulability.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1985

Spina bifida--a vanishing nightmare?

Detailed analysis is presented on the dramatic decline in spina bifida births and other congenital central nervous system defects in the past 12 years, in both Sheffield and the rest of Great Britain. In Sheffield, there was an average of 20 spina bifida births per year up to 1972, but since then there has been a progressive fall to only one in 1984. This decrease may be partly attributable to antenatal diagnosis and terminations of affected pregnancies, but there is no known explanation for the rest of the fall, which has also been experienced throughout Great Britain. The virtual elimination of spina bifida is now possible, as long as the existing methods of prevention and antenatal diagnostic facilities are used even more fully. Relaxation of our effort and a reverse in the 'natural' trend could bring the incidence of spina bifida back to where it was 15 years ago.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1984

The family history of uncomplicated congenital hydrocephalus: an epidemiological study based on 270 probands.

A longitudinal study was carried out on the family history of 270 babies with uncomplicated congenital hydrocephalus. They had 453 siblings of whom five (11.1/1000) had congenital hydrocephalus and nine (19.9/1000) neural tube defects. These data, together with those obtained from previously published reports indicate that the aetiology of the two conditions is probably the same in many cases, although there are unusual exceptions in special families even apart from those with the sex linked, recessively inherited hydrocephalus.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1984

Brain and ventricular volume in hydrocephalus.

A study is presented based on CT scans, using advanced computer techniques, to determine brain volume in a representative sample of sixteen subjects, with treated and untreated hydrocephalus, whose ventricle size varied from normal to extreme and from symmetrical to grossly asymmetrical dilatation. The calculations take into account the maximal head circumference at the time of the CT scans and the results are correlated with the patients' intellectual and neurological conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The family history of "simple" congenital hydrocephalus. An epidemiological study based on 270 probands.

A longitudinal study was carried out on the family history of 270 babies with uncomplicated congenital hydrocephalus. They had 453 siblings of whom 5 (11.1 per 1,000) had congenital hydrocephalus and 9 (19.9 per 1,000) had neural tube defects. These data, together with those obtained from the literature, indicate that the aetiology of the two conditions is probably the same in many cases, although there are unusual exceptions in special families, even apart from families with the sex-linked recessively inherited hydrocephalus. These findings suggest that the parents of children with uncomplicated hydrocephalus should have adequate antenatal tests for the detection of neural tube defects as well as for hydrocephalus and may need similar prophylactic treatment as do the parents of children with spina bifida and anencephaly.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1983

Career development of female and male physicians.

In this article, the authors compare the career development of female and male physicians who were graduated from medical school in 1960 and followed through 1976. Working with a sample matched for type and location of medical school and admission test scores, the authors analyzed the effects of achievement motivation, performance in medical school, peer evaluation, prestige of internship hospital, and family responsibilities on professional attainment. The findings indicate that the careers of male physicians build in a sustained way, with the input factors during and following medical school remaining consistent in their effects; in the careers of female physicians, factors crosscut each other, with some being positive and some negative in their effect on professional attainment. Family responsibility is not the only negative factor for women, and this indicates that other elements in career development that help men do not similarly contribute to the advancement of women physicians. A strong positive factor for women is prestige of internship hospital.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed1983

Isosorbide in the management of infantile hydrocephalus.

Experience with 101 hydrocephalic infants treated primarily with isosorbide is reported. For those with moderate hydrocephalus the aim was to avoid shunt surgery, and this was achieved in 31 of the 43 infants. In cases with severe hydrocephalus or when the cerebrospinal fluid was abnormal the aim was to delay shunt surgery until the optimum time, with a lower risk of complications. Five of 48 such infants avoided shunts and 30 achieved a worthwhile delay. Nine other children were treated with isosorbide following shunt complications. Toxic effects were infrequent, not severe, and reversible on stopping treatment or reducing dosage. 63 infants eventually had shunts inserted.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1981

Children with large heads: a practical approach to diagnosis in 557 children, with special reference to 109 children with megalencephaly.

Among 557 children who presented a diagnostic problem of a large head, 109 had megalencephaly as the primary diagnosis. A clinical approach to the differentiation of this numerically important group from the various other causes of large head is outlined. The group is characterised by a familial incidence of large head in at least 50 per cent of cases; a male to female preponderance of four to one; an above-normal rate of head growth in 80 per cent of the children in the first four months after birth, and in a further 12 per cent in late infancy. The vast majority of these children were normal. Only seven children were retarded, and they also had a variety of neurological and other somatic abnormalities.

Birth Weight↗