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Biomedical subjects

J Liu

Publications and source records attributed to J Liu.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Expression of survivin mRNA and protein in gastric cancer cell line (MKN-45) during cisplatin treatment.

Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. Survivin has been reported to be expressed in many cancers, but not in differentiated normal tissue. Recent studies revealed that survivin correlated with the chemo-resitance of cancer cells. In the present study, the changes in expression levels of survivin messenger RNA (mRNA) and survivin protein in a gastric cancer cell line (MKN-45) during cisplatin (CDDP) treatment were analyzed and compared with the occurrence of apoptotic cell death. Cell growth was inhibited even with a low dose CDDP (0.1 or 1 microg/ml) 1 hr treatment. However, the percentage of apoptotic cells did not change after 48 hr incubation with low dose CDDP. Only with high dose CDDP (10 microg/ml), did the percentage of apoptotic cells explosively increase between 12 and 24 hr treatment. Relative expression levels of survivin mRNA and survivin protein increased after CDDP treatment. The cell expression rates of survivin mRNA after 48 hr treatment with 0.1 and 1 microg/ml of CDDP were 2 to 6 fold higher than that of the survivin mRNA of untreated cells. Also, the relative cell expression level of survivin protein after 24 hr treatment with 0.1 or 1 microg/ml of CDDP was 3 to 6.5 fold higher than that of the survivin protein of untreated cells. These results indicate that survivin expression may correlate with the chemo-resistance of malignant cells.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2002

Temporal changes in the bacterioplankton of a Northeast Ohio (USA) River.

To examine temporal changes in a bacterial community, water samples were collected monthly for one year from five sites along a major use-reuse river, the Cuyahoga River, in northeastern Ohio (USA). Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to enumerate population sizes of two species of common bacteria, Pseudomonas putida and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus; FISH was also performed with a Domain Bacteria specific probe. In addition, the total bacteria (based on DAPI staining), colony forming units (on modified Nutrient agar) and coliforms were enumerated and supporting physical/chemical data were collected. Each variable examined exhibited a different seasonal pattern. Temporal changes in total number of bacteria and population size of P. putida were correlated with turbidity and precipitation suggesting that allochthonous sources and scouring of the benthos may be major contributors to these portions of the community. In contrast, the number of cells hybridizing the Domain Bacteria and A. calcoaceticus probes were correlated with temperature. Thus, different aspects of the bacterial community are potentially controlled by different factors and the role of allochthonous and autochthonous sources may vary among species.

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus↗
PubMed2002

G-CSF-primed haploidentical marrow transplantation without ex vivo T cell depletion: an excellent alternative for high-risk leukemia.

Based on our encouraging results of G-CSF-primed HLA-matched related marrow transplants for high-risk leukemia, we extended the study from matched related to haploidentical transplants using G-CSF primed marrow and sequential immunosuppressants to prevent both graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and host-versus-graft rejection (HVGR). Fifteen high-risk leukemia patients, who needed urgent transplantation but lacked an HLA-matched donor, underwent G-CSF-primed haploidentical marrow transplantation without ex vivo T cell depletion. Donors were given G-CSF (Lenograstim) at 3-4 microg/kg/day for 7 days prior to marrow harvest. GVHD and HVGR prophylaxis were combined in the sequential usage of cyclosporin A, methotrexate, anti-thymocyte globulin and mycophenolate mofetil. All patients established sustained trilineage engraftment at a median of 19 days and 21 days for neutrophil and platelets respectively. G-CSF priming significantly increased CD34(+) and CFU-GM cells, reduced total lymphocytes and reversed the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio in the donor marrow. The incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD was 33.3%. Nine patients survived more than a year with a Karnofsky performance status of 100%. Estimated overall disease-free survival at 2 years was 60 +/- 7%. In conclusion, using G-CSF priming marrow grafts along with sequential immunosuppressants provided an excellent alternative for the treatment of high-risk hematological malignancy in patients who lack matched donors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Combined TRAIL and Bax gene therapy prolonged survival in mice with ovarian cancer xenograft.

We evaluated the antitumor activity of the Bax gene and green fluorescent protein/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (GFP/TRAIL) fusion gene driven by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter both separately and combined in the human ovarian cancer lines SKOV3ip and DOV13 and human lung cancer line H1299. In vitro study showed that both TRAIL- and Bax-expressing vectors elicited significant cell killing in H1299 and SKOV3ip cells, but only the GFP/TRAIL gene elicited significant cell killing in DOV13 cells. Combined TRAIL and Bax therapy also produced more profound cell killing in SKOV3ip and H1299 cells, but not DOV13 cells without escalation of the vector doses. To further evaluate the combined effects of Bax and TRAIL, abdominally spread tumors were established in nude mice via intraperitoneal inoculation of SKOV3ip cells followed by that of adenoviral vectors. Tumor growth, ascites formation, survival duration and toxicity were evaluated after treatment. We found that treatment using the Bax- or TRAIL-expressing vector alone significantly suppressed tumor growth and ascites formation, and prolonged animal survival when compared with that of using PBS or a control vector. Combined TRAIL and Bax therapy further prolonged survival significantly when compared with therapy using the TRAIL or Bax gene alone. Transgene expression and apoptosis induction were not detected in normal human ovarian epithelial cells in vitro or normal mouse tissues in vivo after intraperitoneal vector administration. Also, liver toxicity was not detected after either treatment. Thus, combined TRAIL and Bax gene therapy may be useful for treatment of abdominally spread tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Oxidative damage increases with age in a canine model of human brain aging.

We assayed levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl formation, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and both oxidized and reduced glutathione to study the link between oxidative damage, aging and beta-amyloid (Abeta) in the canine brain. The aged canine brain, a model of human brain aging, naturally develops extensive diffuse deposits of human-type Abeta. Abeta was measured in immunostained prefrontal cortex from 19 beagle dogs (4-15 years). Increased malondialdehyde (MDA), which indicates increased lipid peroxidation, was observed in the prefrontal cortex and serum but not in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Oxidative damage to proteins (carbonyl formation) also increased in brain. An age-dependent decline in GS activity, an enzyme vulnerable to oxidative damage, and in the level of glutathione (GSH) was observed in the prefrontal cortex. MDA level in serum correlated with MDA accumulation in the prefrontal cortex. Although 11/19 animals exhibited Abeta, the extent of deposition did not correlate with any of the oxidative damage measures, suggesting that each form of neuropathology accumulates in parallel with age. This evidence of widespread oxidative damage and Abeta deposition is further justification for using the canine model for studying human brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

Aging↗
PubMed2002

PBR, StAR, and PKA: partners in cholesterol transport in steroidogenic cells.

Acute stimulation of cholesterol transport into mitochondria involves the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), and the steroidogenesis acute regulatory (StAR) proteins. We investigated the respective role of these proteins in hormone-induced steroidogenesis. Oligonucleotides antisense, but not sense, to PBR and StAR reduced their respective levels in steroidogenic cells and inhibited hormone-stimulated steroid formation in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. In search of the proteins regulating PBR we identified a protein, PAP7, which interacts with PBR and the PKA regulatory subunit RIalpha, is present in adrenal and gonadal cells and is found in mitochondria. Overexpression of the full length PAP7 increased the hormone-induced steroid production. However, inhibition of PAP7 expression reduced the gonadotropin-induced steroid formation. In search of a PBR functional antagonist that would facilitate the studies on the biological function of PBR, we screened a phage display library. A 7-mer competitive PBR peptide antagonist was identified, which when transduced into Leydig cells inhibited the benzodiazepine and hormone-stimulated steroid production suggesting that the endogenous PBR agonist/receptor interaction is critical for the hormone-dependent steroidogenesis. These data indicate that hormone-induced cholesterol transport and the subsequent steroid formation is a dynamic multistep process involving protein-protein interactions.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Transcription factors GATA-4 and GATA-6 during mouse and human adrenocortical development.

Our earlier work implicates transcription factors GATA-4 and GATA-6 in the murine adrenal. We have now studied their expression during mouse and human adrenal development in detail. GATA-4 and GATA-6 mRNAs are readily detectable from embryonic day 15 in mouse and gestational week 19 in human adrenal cortex. In postnatal adrenal, GATA-4 expression is down-regulated, whereas GATA-6 mRNA and protein continue to be abundantly present. In a human adrenocortical cell line NCI-H295R, GATA-6 mRNA is up-regulated by cAMP. This cell line does not express GATA-4. Our findings suggest that GATA-6 expression is hormonally controlled, and required throughout adrenal development from fetal to adult age. GATA-4, on the other hand, may serve a role in fetal adrenal gene regulation.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed2002

Regulation of follistatin-related gene (FLRG) expression by protein kinase C and prostaglandin E(2) in cultured granulosa-luteal cells.

Activin and its binding protein follistatin may act as local regulators of cell growth and steroidogenesis in the human ovary. The recently identified follistatin-related gene (FLRG) is expressed abundantly in the human ovary, has high affinity for activin, and is able to inhibit activin-induced transcriptional responses. However, little is known about the regulation of FLRG expression in specific cell types in the ovary, while it is known that gonadotrophins induce follistatin gene expression in human granulosa-luteal cells. In this study, we investigated the expression of FLRG mRNA in granulosa-luteal cells of preovulatory follicles obtained from women undergoing IVF. FLRG mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in fresh and cultured granulosa-luteal cells, as well as in normal ovarian stroma, theca and granulosa cells. Northern blot analysis revealed a 2.5 kb transcript of the FLRG in cultured granulosa-luteal cells. The protein kinase C activator, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA, 160 nmol/l), and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2), 1 micromol/l) increased FLRG mRNA accumulation up to 3-8 fold over the control level after 24 h of treatment, and these stimulatory effects were dose-dependent. Co-treatment with the protein kinase C inhibitor, Ro-31-8220 (3 micromol/l), blocked the stimulatory effect of TPA. Although short term treatment with the protein kinase A activator, (Bu)(2)cAMP (1 mmol/l), slightly reduced FLRG mRNA expression in most experiments, long term treatment with FSH (100 IU/l), LH (100 IU/l), or (Bu)(2)cAMP had no significant effect on the FLRG mRNA levels. As expected, gonadotrophins, protein kinase A and C activators and PGE(2) increased granulosa-luteal cell progesterone secretion into the culture media. Taken together, previous and our present data suggest that protein kinase C and A signal transduction pathways differently regulate the expression of FLRG and follistatin genes in human ovarian granulosa-luteal cells.

Bucladesine↗
PubMed2002

Disposition of inhaled mercury vapor in pregnant rats: maternal toxicity and effects on developmental outcome.

The disposition and toxicity of inhaled elemental mercury (Hg0) vapor for pregnant Long-Evans rats, and potential adverse effects on reproductive outcome were investigated. Rats were exposed to 0, 1, 2, 4, or 8 mg Hg0/m(3) for 2 h/day from gestation day (GD) 6 through GD 15. Maternal toxicity occurred primarily in rats exposed to 4 and 8 mg/m(3) and was manifested as a concentration-related decrease in body weight gain and mild nephrotoxicity. Control rats gained about 13% of their initial body weight during the 10-day exposure. Rats exposed to 4 mg/m(3) Hg0 gained about 7% less than controls, and rats exposed to 8 mg/m(3) Hg0 lost about 17% of their initial body weight during the 10-day exposure period. Maternal kidney weights were significantly increased in the 4 and 8 mg/m(3) concentration groups, and urinalysis revealed increased levels of protein and alkaline phosphatase activity in urine of all Hg0-exposed rats. Dams exposed to 8 mg/m(3) were euthanized in moribund condition on postnatal day (PND) 1. There was no histopathological evidence of toxicity in maternal lung, liver, or kidney of exposed rats at GD 6, GD 15, or PND 1. The incidence of resorptions was significantly increased, litter size and PND 1 neonatal body weights were significantly decreased only in the 8-mg/m(3) group. Total Hg concentrations in maternal tissues increased with increasing number of exposure days and concentration. In general, approximately 70% of Hg was eliminated from maternal tissues during the week following the last exposure (GD 15 to PND 1). Elimination of Hg from maternal brain and kidney was slower than in other tissues, possibly due to higher levels of metallothionein. Total Hg concentrations in fetal tissues increased with increasing number of exposure days and concentration, demonstrating that a significant amount of Hg crossed the placenta. One week after the last exposure, significant amounts of Hg were still present in brain, liver, and kidney of PND 1 neonates. Metallothionein levels in neonatal tissues were not significantly increased by exposure to 4 mg/m(3) Hg0. The total amount of Hg in neonatal brain (ng/brain) continued to increase after termination of inhalation exposure, suggesting a redistribution of Hg from the dam to neonatal brain. These data demonstrate that inhaled Hg0 vapor is distributed to all maternal and fetal tissues in a dose-dependent manner. Adverse effects of Hg on developmental outcome occurred only at a concentration that caused maternal toxicity.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2002

Osmotic tolerance limits and effects of cryoprotectants on motility of bovine spermatozoa.

This study was conducted to determine the osmotic properties of bull spermatozoa, including the effects of osmotic stress and cryoprotectant agent (CPA) addition and removal, on sperm motility. Semen from beef bulls was collected by electroejaculation and extended 1:3 in TL-Hepes containing 100 micro g/ml pyruvate and 6 mg/ml BSA. In solutions of 150-1200 mOsmolal (mOsm), bull spermatozoa behaved as linear osmometers (r(2) = 0.97) with an osmotically inactive cell volume of 61%. The isosmotic cell volume was 23.5 micro m(3). Motility was determined after exposure to anisosmotic solutions ranging from 35 to 2400 mOsm and after return to isosmotic conditions. Retention of at least 90% of isosmotic motility could be maintained only between 270-360 mOsm. Bull spermatozoa were calculated to retain 90% of their isosmotic motility at 92-103% of their isosmotic cell volume. Motility following a one-step addition and removal of 1 M glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and ethylene glycol was reduced by 31%, 90%, and 6%, respectively, compared with CPA addition only. These data indicate that, during bull spermatozoa cryopreservation, osmotically driven cell volume excursions must be limited by exposure to a very narrow range that may be facilitated by the use of ethylene glycol as a CPA.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Local frequency representations for robust multimodal image registration.

Automatic registration of multimodal images involves algorithmically estimating the coordinate transformation required to align the data sets. Most existing methods in the literature are unable to cope with registration of image pairs with large nonoverlapping field of view (FOV). We propose a robust algorithm, based on matching dominant local frequency image representations, which can cope with image pairs with large nonoverlapping FOV. The local frequency representation naturally allows for processing the data at different scales/resolutions, a very desirable property from a computational efficiency view point. Our algorithm involves minimizing-over all rigid/affine transformations--the integral of the squared error (ISE or L2 E) between a Gaussian model of the residual and its true density function. The residual here refers to the difference between the local frequency representations of the transformed (by an unknown transformation) source and target data. We present implementation results for image data sets, which are misaligned magnetic resonance (MR) brain scans obtained using different image acquisition protocols as well as misaligned MR-computed tomography scans. We experimently show that our L2E-based scheme yields better accuracy over the normalized mutual information.

Brain↗
PubMed2002

Presynaptic muscarinic M(2)-receptor-mediated inhibition of N-type Ca(2+) channels in cultured sphenopalatine ganglion: direct evidence for acetylcholine inhibition of cerebral nitrergic neurogenic vasodilation.

Results of previous pharmacological studies suggested that presynaptic muscarinic M(2) receptors on cerebral perivascular nitric oxidergic (nitrergic) nerves mediated inhibition of nitric oxide release from these nerves. The inhibition was thought to be primarily attributable to a decreased Ca(2+) influx through N-type Ca(2+) channels on nitrergic nerves, but direct evidence supporting this hypothesis was not presented. In the present study, we used cultured rat sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG), a major source of nitrergic nerves to cerebral blood vessels, to investigate the role of muscarinic M(2) receptors in modulating voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels. SPG neuronal soma and dendrites were immunoreactive for both N-type Ca(2+) channels and muscarinic M(2) receptors, indicating that muscarinic M(2) receptors were colocalized with N-type Ca(2+) channels. Using the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique, we found that voltage-dependent Ca(2+) currents in cultured SPG were largely blocked by omega-conotoxin, an N-type calcium channel antagonist, but were not affected by nifedipine, an L-type calcium antagonist. The Ca(2+) current was inhibited by acetylcholine (ACh) and arecaidine but-2-ynyl ester tosylate (ABET), a preferential muscarinic M(2)-receptor agonist, in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibition was reversed by atropine and methoctramine (a muscarinic M(2)-receptor antagonist), but was not affected by muscarinic M(1)-, M(3)-, or M(4)-receptor antagonists. Consistent with this, preferential muscarinic M(1)-receptor agonists McN-A-343 and oxotremorine did not affect the Ca(2+) current. Furthermore, pretreatment with pertussis toxin and guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate prevented ACh and ABET inhibition of Ca(2+) currents. These results are consistent with pharmacological findings in the pig basilar arteries and provide direct evidence supporting our hypothesis that M(2)-receptor-mediated inhibition of cerebral nitrergic neurogenic vasodilation is due to a G(i)-protein-mediated suppression of Ca(2+) influx via voltage-dependent N-type Ca(2+) channels on perivascular nerves.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed2002

Branched crystal morphology of linear polyethylene crystallized in a two-dimensional diffusion-controlled growth field.

The branched crystal morphology of linear polyethylene formed at various temperatures from thin films has been studied by atomic-force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction (ED) pattern and polymer decoration technique. Two types of branched patterns, i.e. dendrite and seaweed patterns, have been visualized. The fractal dimension d(f) = 1.65 of both dendrite and some of seaweed patterns was obtained by using the box-counting method, although most of the seaweed patterns are compact. Selected-area ED patterns indicate that the fold stems tilt about 34.5( degrees ) around the b-axis and polymer decoration patterns show that the chain folding direction and regularity in two (200) regions are quite different from each other. Because of chain tilting, branched crystals show three striking features: 1) the lamella-like branches show two (200) regions with different thickness; 2) the crystals usually bend towards the thin region; 3) the thick region grows faster by developing branches, thus branches usually occur outside the thick region. The branched patterns show a characteristic width w, which gives a linear relationship with the crystallization temperature on a semilogarithmic plot.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Biphasic regulation of activin A secretion by gonadotropins in cultured human ovarian granulosa-luteal cells leads to decreasing activin:inhibin ratios during continuing gonadotropin stimulation.

Pituitary gonadotropins mediate part of their effects on ovarian function via local hormones and growth factors produced by granulosa cells. Activins and inhibins are among these factors, and they have often opposite effects on various components of the reproductive system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation of ovarian activin A secretion using cultured human ovarian granulosa-luteal cells as a model. The granulosa-luteal cells, obtained from women taking part in an in vitro fertilization program, were cultured and treated with FSH, LH, 8-bromo cAMP (8-BrcAMP, a protein kinase A activator) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA, a protein kinase C activator). Conditioned cell culture media were analyzed for activin A, inhibin A and progesterone concentrations with specific enzyme immunoassays. FSH and LH (1-100 IU/l) increased activin A secretion with 24 h of treatment (to 132% and 253% of control respectively; P<0.05 for both), but their effects were inhibitory in 48-h treatments (26% and 16% decreases respectively; P<0.05 for both). In the same experiments, FSH and LH increased inhibin A and progesterone secretion after both 24 and 48 h of treatment. 8-BrcAMP (0.1-100 muM) increased activin A in 24- and 48-h experiments (to 206% and 148% of control respectively; P<0.01 for both). Inhibin A and progesterone secretion were stimulated by 8-BrcAMP time- and dose-dependently. TPA increased activin A secretion dose-dependently (0.1-100 ng/ml) in both 24- and 48-h experiments. At 100 ng/ml concentration, it increased activin A up to 61-fold and inhibin A up to 16-fold of control in 24-h experiments. We conclude that gonadotropins regulate immunoreactive activin A secretion biphasically in cultured human granulosa-luteal cells: initial stimulation is followed by inhibition. In contrast, gonadotropins increase inhibin A and progesterone secretion continuously. Consequently, continuing gonadotropin stimulation leads to a decreasing activin:inhibin ratio, which may have a significant role in the local fine-tuning of ovarian steroidogenesis.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed2002

The value of MG7 antigen in predicting cancerous change in dysplastic gastric mucosa.

The aim of this study was to ascertain whether MG7Ag is a useful predictor of evolution of gastric dysplasia to carcinoma. A total of 1090 patients with confirmed dysplasia were stained immunohistochemically with MG7 monoclonal antibody by the ABC method. A prospective follow-up study was undertaken on 19 patients with MG7Ag positive staining and 16 with MG7 negative staining over a period of 10-78 months. The expression of MG7Ag was also compared in another two groups by conducting retrospective studies. One group showed an evolution into gastric cancer over 2-4 years, the other did not. Quantitative analysis of MG7Ag expression was carried out on the last two groups. The receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden index were used to assess the best critical value for MG7Ag. MG7Ag was found positive in 456/1090 cases (41.8%) with dysplasia. Prospective follow-up of 35 patients showed that 6/19 patients with MG7Ag positive staining developed gastric cancer, but there were no carcinomatous changes in 16 patients with MG7 negative staining. The results of MG7Ag expression in 72 cases with retrospective follow-up showed there were 24 with positive immunostaining among 34 cancerous cases (70.6%), and only 7 in 38 non-cancerous cases (18.4%) (p<0.01). Image analysis showed that an average MG7Ag density index ++0.19 could be regarded as the critical value for high risk of gastric mucosa with dysplasia evolving to cancer. Positive MG7Ag expression in gastric mucosa of patients with dysplasia, especially in cases with a density index ++0.19, was an indicator of high risk of malignant change.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Re-expression of the cadherin-catenin complex in lymph nodes with metastasis in advanced gastric cancer: the relationship with patient survival.

The cadherin-catenin complex has been recognized as an important factor associated with tumor metastasis. However, the clinical significance of the expression of adhesion molecules in lymph nodes with metastasis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of the re-expression of the cadherin-catenin complex in metastatic lymph nodes in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin, alpha- and beta-catenin were analyzed in 96 primary gastric cancers with serosal invasion and in 79 lymph nodes with metastasis. The expression levels of these adhesion molecules in primary tumors and lymph nodes with metastasis were compared. Ninety-four out of 96 primary tumors (98%) showed reduced expression of adhesion molecules. Out of 79 cases with lymph node metastasis, increased expression of one or more adhesion molecules in metastatic foci as compared with primary tumors was detected in 52 cases (66%). Re-expression of adhesion molecules in metastatic lymph nodes was detected in a more advanced stage. The overall 5-year survival rate of the 52 patients who had lymph nodes with metastasis with re-expression of adhesion molecules (8%) was significantly poorer than that of the 27 who had lymph nodes with metastasis without re-expression of adhesion molecules (33%, P = 0.0012). The re-expression of the cadherin-catenin complex in lymph nodes with metastasis may play an important role in the growth of cancer cells in metastatic foci. A comparison of the expression patterns of adhesion molecules between the primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes may provide new prognostic information for patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

Biological effects of hyperbaric oxygen on human severe periodontitis.

This paper reports the effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO2) in a controlled study of periodontitis in 24 patients. The patients received either HBO2 or no HBO2, and study teeth were divided into 4 groups based on treatment: 1-HBO2 therapy, 2-HBO2 + scaling, 3-scaling, 4-control. We measured indices of periodontal disease and gingival blood flow (GBF). The microorganisms in a periodontal pocket were stained and the percentage of straight rods (Rods), curved rods (Cur), fusiforms (Fusi) and spirochetes (Spiro) were observed. The numbers of anaerobic organisms were measured by routine anaerobic culture. Highly significant differences in Gingival Indices (GI), Sulcus Bleeding Indices (SBI), Probing Depth (PD), Attachment Loss (AL), Plaque Index (PLI), and GBF were seen in the HBO2, the HBO2 + Scaling and the Scaling Groups compared to the Control Group (P < 0.01). The number of subgingival anaerobes as well as the number of Rods, Cur, Fusi, and Spiro were reduced markedly in these three treatment groups. Statistically greater differences in clinical indices, GBF, subgingival anaerobe number and number of Rods, Cur, Fusi and Spiro were found by comparison of HBO2 + Scaling and HBO2 Groups, as well as between the HBO2 + Scaling and Scaling Groups, but no significant differences were observed in GI, SBI, PD, or AL between the HBO2 and Scaling Groups. In conclusion, HBO2 had beneficial therapeutic effects on severe periodontitis. HBO2 therapy combined with scaling and root planing was the most beneficial in the treatment of periodontitis. Clinical follow-up suggests that this treatment effect could last more than 1 year.

Adolescent↗