Biomedical subjects

J Lindhe

Publications and source records attributed to J Lindhe.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Composition of plaque-associated lesions in the gingiva and the peri-implant mucosa in partially edentulous subjects.

The purpose of the present investigation was to study characteristics of the plaque associated lesions in the gingiva and the adjacent periimplant mucosa sampled from the same subjects. 20 partially edentulous patients (12 female and 8 male, 30-60 years of age) volunteered to participate in the study. They had all been treated for moderate to advanced periodontal disease. Edentulous regions had been restored with implants. The restorative therapy had been completed 6-24 months prior to soft tissue biopsy. Samples of gingival tissue (GM) and periimplant mucosa (PIM) from an "interproximal surface" of one tooth site and one implant site of the same jaw were harvested. One portion of the biopsy was embedded in EPON, stained in PAS and toluidine blue and used for histometric and morphometric analyses. The 2nd portion of the biopsy was snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. 15 sections, about 5 microns thick, were prepared in a cryostat and used for immune histochemical staining. The analysis of the sections included determination of the size of the lesions as well as assessments of various cells and cell markers. In all samples of both PIM and GM discrete infiltrates of inflammatory cells (ICT) were found in the connective tissue lateral to the junctional epithelium. The ICT of PIM occupied on the average 0.17 +/- 0.14 mm2 of the soft tissue, while the corresponding lesion in GM occupied an area that was 0.25 mm2 +/- 0.21 mm2 large. The density of CD19 positive cells was 7 times higher in GM than in PIM (3.7 versus 0.5) while the densities of CD3 positive cells were 7.5 (GM) and 4.7 (PM) respectively. The density of PMN elastase positive cells was about 3 times higher in GM than in PIM (3.7 versus 1.2). Care must be exercised when these differences are interpreted. It is possible that a prolonged exposure of the implant site to the oral environment may induce both qualitative and quantitative changes of the infiltrate in PIM.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Tooth mobility and periodontal disease.

Tooth mobility (TM) is an important feature of periodontal disease. This is evidenced by the large number of devices and methods of TM assessment that have been developed and tested. TM had been considered and investigated as an indirect measure of the functional condition of the periodontium as well as possible aggravating co-factor for periodontal disease.

Disease Progression↗

PubMed1997

The use of a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice may retard the progression of periodontitis.

The present investigation was performed to examine if triclosan and a copolymer, incorporated in a dentifrice and used by periodontitis-susceptible subjects could influence clinical symptoms characteristic of recurrent periodontitis. 60 subjects, 34 to 67 years of age, were recruited for the study. They were randomly selected from a group of patients previously treated for advanced periodontal disease. This treatment had included oral hygiene instruction, subgingival debridement, but no surgical therapy. The patients had, during a 3-5 year period following active therapy, been enrolled in a maintenance care program but had, at various intervals, exhibited signs of recurrent periodontitis. The patients were stratified into 2 balanced groups with respect to mean probing pocket depth. The test group, included 30 individuals who used a dentifrice containing triclosan/copolymer/fluoride, i.e. 0.3% triclosan, 2% copolymer and 1100 ppm F from 0.243% sodium fluoride (Colgate Total). The control group also included 30 subjects who used a dentifrice identical to the one used in the test group but without the triclosan/copolymer content. Following the baseline examination, including clinical and radiographical assessments, all volunteers received detailed information on how to brush their teeth in a proper way. This information was repeated on an individual need basis during the course of the subsequent 36 months. No professional subgingival therapy was delivered between the baseline and the 36-month examinations, but the subjects were recalled every 3 months. Re-examinations were performed after 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of the trial. A 2nd set of radiographs was obtained at the final examination, i.e., at 36 months. The results demonstrated that in subjects susceptible to periodontal disease, meticulous, self-performed, supragingival plaque control maintained over a 3-year period failed to prevent recurrent periodontitis. In a similar group of subjects and plaque control program, however, the daily use of a triclosan-containing dentifrice reduced (i) the frequency of deep periodontal pockets, and (ii) the number of sites that exhibited additional probing attachment and bone loss.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Effect of triclosan on the subgingival microbiota of periodontitis-susceptible subjects.

The present study evaluated the long-term effect of (i) meticulous self-performed, supragingival plaque control and (ii) the use of a triclosan/copolymer containing dentifrice in adult subjects susceptible to destructive periodontitis. 40 individuals were recruited into the trial. 3-5 years prior to the baseline examination, they had all been treated by nonsurgical means- for advanced periodontal disease. During the subsequent maintenance phase, all subjects had at different time intervals exhibited sites with recurrent periodontitis. At a baseline examination, 6 surfaces per tooth were examined regarding bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and probing attachment level. The deepest pocket site in each quadrant (i.e. 4 sites per subject) was selected and samples of the subgingival bacteria were taken. At baseline, all volunteers received detailed information on proper oral hygiene techniques. This information was repeated on an individual need basis during the course of the subsequent 36-months. No professional subgingival therapy was delivered between the baseline and the 36-month examinations. The subjects were randomly distributed into 2 equal groups of 20 individuals each, 1 test and 1 control group. The members of the test group were supplied with a fluoridated dentifrice containing triclosan/copolymer (Total, Colgate), while the controls received a corresponding dentifrice but without triclosan/copolymer. The findings demonstrated that in subjects with advanced and recurrent periodontitis, carefully practiced supragingival plaque control had some effects on the subgingival microbiota, but also that this was insufficient to prevent disease progression. In a corresponding group of subjects, however, who used a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice, the subgingival microbiota was reduced in both quantitative and qualitative terms and recurrent periodontitis was almost entirely prevented.

Actinomyces↗

PubMed1996

Current concepts in diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis.

This article describes some areas of periodontal research and current opinions regarding detection of disease progression, as well as risk indicators and risk factors associated with disease progression. Longitudinal probing of periodontal attachment level is considered the gold standard for detection of disease activity although there are problems with this concept. Digital subtraction radiography can assist in the detection of minor changes of alveolar bone height and density. Risk factors such as composition of subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid, as well as the effect of smoking are discussed. Adjunctive treatment with both antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, systemic or local, seems to be helpful in some forms of disease. Immunization to prevent colonization of tooth surfaces and pockets by periodontal pathogens does not seem to be feasible in the near future.

Disease Progression↗

PubMed1996

Bacterial colonization on internal surfaces of Brånemark system implant components.

The aim of the present study was to examine the microbiota on the internal surface of the components of 28 Brånemark implants in 10 partially edentulous patients who had been treated with 1 fixed partial prostheses each. The prostheses had been in function for 1 to 8 years. The fixed prostheses were checked for mobility and removed. The abutment screws were loosened and classified as stable, easily removed or loose. Then, bacterial samples were obtained from the various internal surfaces of the implant system. Estimation and identification of the most predominant species was performed on the blood agar plates. Identification was based on Gram reaction, oxygen sensitivity and biochemical tests. Internal surfaces of different components of the Brånemark implants, after varying periods of function in the oral cavity, consistently harboured a heterogeneous and primarily anaerobic microbiota. The individual samples showed a great variation. No relation could be seen between type and length of abutment, abutment stability, bone loss and type and number of microorganisms found in the samples. The flora consisted mainly of facultative and anaerobic streptococci, Gram-positive anaerobic rods such as Propionibacterium, Eubacterium and Actinomyces species and Gram-negative anaerobic rods including Fusobacterium, Prevotella and Porphyromonas species. There are reasons to suggest that this presence of bacteria is the result of (i) a contamination of the fixture and abutment components during the 1st and/or 2nd stage of implant installation and/or (ii) a transmission of microorganisms from the oral environment during function subsequent to bridge installation.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

The peri-implant hard and soft tissues at different implant systems. A comparative study in the dog.

The aim of this study of the present experiment was to study the marginal periimplant tissues at intentionally non-submerged (1-stage implants) and initially submerged and subsequently exposed implants (2-stage implants). 5 beagle dogs, about 1-year-old, were used, 3 months after the extraction of the mandibular premolars, fixtures of the Astra Tech Implants Dental System, the Brånemark System and the Bonefit--ITI system were installed. In each mandibular quadrant, 1 fixture of each implant system was installed in a randomised order. The installation procedure followed the recommendations given in the manuals for each system. Thus, following installation, the bone crest coincided with the fixture margin of the Astra Tech Implants Dental System and the Brånemark System, whereas the border between the plasma sprayed and the machined surface of the Bonefit-ITI implant system was positioned at the level of the bone crest. Following a healing period of 3 months, abutment connection was carried out in the 2-stage systems (the Astra Tech Implants Dental System and the Brånemark system). A 6-month period of plaque control was initiated. The animals were sacrificed and biopsies representing each important region dissected. The tissue samples were prepared for light microscopy and exposed to histometric and morphometric measurements. The mucosal barrier which formed to the titanium surface following 1-stage and 2-stage implant installations comprised an epithelial and a connective tissue component, which for that 3 systems studied, had similar dimensions and composition. The amount of lamellar bone contained in the periimplant region close to the fixture part of the 3-implant systems was almost identical. It is suggested that correctly performed implant installation may ensure proper conditions for both and hard tissue healing, and that the geometry of the titanium implant seems to be of limited importance.

Alveolar Process↗

PubMed1996

The effect of antimicrobial therapy on periimplantitis lesions. An experimental study in the dog.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of systemic antibiotics and local debridement in the treatment of experimentally induced periimplantitis lesions. 5 Labrador dogs, and about 1-year old, were included in the study. In order to establish bilateral recipient sites for implants the mandibular right and left 1st molars, 4th and 3rd premolars were removed. 6 titanium fixtures (Brånemark System Nobelpharma AB, Göteborg, Sweden) were installed and standard abutments were connected 3 months after fixture installation. Cotton floss ligatures were placed in a submarginal position around the neck of the abutments and the animals were placed on a diet which allowed plaque accumulation. After 6-8 weeks, when the tissue destruction amounted to about 20% of the fixture length, the ligatures were removed. 1 month after ligature removal, an antibiotic regimen (amoxicillin and metronidazole) was initiated and maintained for 3 weeks. In the left side of the mandible, buccal and lingual mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated, the granulation tissue within the bone craters adjacent to the implants was curetted, and the abutments were removed. The exposed outer surface, the internal part of the fixtures, as well as the abutments were treated with a detergent, delmopinol. The cleaned abutments were autoclaved, and connected to the clean fixtures. The mucoperiosteal flaps were replaced to their original position, adapted to the abutments and sutured. A careful plaque control program was initiated for the left jaw quadrants. In the right side of the mandible no local treatment was given to the fixtures and the abutments following ligature removal. Furthermore, no plaque control was provided to the implant segments in the right jaws. After 4 months of healing block biopsies including one implant with adjacent hard and soft tissue were harvested and prepared for light microscopy. It was observed that systemic antimicrobial therapy, combined with implant cleaning, curettage of the bone defect and regular plaque control resulted in (i) resolution of the periimplantitis lesion, (ii) a significant recession of the marginal periimplant mucosa, and (iii) a minor additional apical shift of the base of the bone defect. In the untreated sites the plaque associated infiltrate remained and was in several sites examined in contact with the adjacent bone tissue.

Amoxicillin↗

PubMed1996

Guided bone regeneration in the treatment of periimplantitis.

The objective of the present experiment was to study the soft and hard tissue healing following treatment of experimentally induced periimplantitis. 5 labrador dogs about 1-year old were used. The mandibular right and left 1st molars, 4th and 3rd premolars were removed, titanium fixtures (Brånemark System) were installed, and standard abutments were connected in a 2nd stage procedure. After 3 months experimental periimplantitis was induced by the placement of cotton floss ligatures in a submarginal position. 6 weeks later the ligatures were removed. 1 month after ligature removal, an antibiotic regimen was initiated. During a 3-week period, each dog was given tablets of amoxicillin and metronidazole. In the left side of the mandible, buccal and lingual mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated and granulation tissue within the bone craters curetted. The abutments were removed. The exposed outer surfaces and the internal part of the fixtures were carefully cleaned with a detergent (delmopinol HC1). An e-PTFE membrane was placed over each fixture and adjusted to cover the bone crater. New cover screws were fitted through the membranes to the cleaned fixtures. The implants were submerged and the flaps sutured. In the right side of the mandible no local treatment was performed. The dogs were sacrificed after 4 months and biopsies prepared for histological examination. The findings indicated that treatment of a periimplantitis lesion, including comprehensive systemic antimicrobial therapy and cleaning of submerged implants resulted in (i) the elimination of the inflammatory process in the periimplant tissues and (ii) the establishment of a dense connective tissue capsule in direct contact with the previously exposed surface of the implant system. It was also observed that (iii) new bone was frequently laid down on the pristine cover screws.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

The effects of antimicrobial mouthrinses on de novo plaque formation at sites with healthy and inflamed gingivae.

The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate to what extent mouthrinses containing triclosan and chlorhexidine may modify the amount of de novo plaque that forms on tooth surfaces adjacent to healthy and inflamed gingival units. 10 volunteers were recruited. On day 0, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was obtained at predetermined sites and gingivitis (GI) was assessed. A careful oral prophylaxis was given to each of the volunteers who subsequently abstained from all mechanical plaque control measures for the following 18 days. During the first 4 days (rinse phase I), they rinsed with either 0.12% chlorhexidine, 0.06% triclosan or placebo solution. Clinical examinations (GCF, GI) were repeated and the amount of plaque formed determined on days 4, 7 and 14. On day 14, the participants received a new professional tooth cleaning after which rinse phase II was initiated. During this 2nd phase, the participants rinsed for 4 days with the same mouthwash preparation and in the same manner as during rinse phase I. The examinations were repeated on day 18. Each participant received a comprehensive oral prophylaxisis and was instructed to perform meticulous mechanical plaque control during the following 4 weeks. A 2nd experimental period was then initiated. A total of 3 experimental periods were repeated until all subjects had rinsed with the 3 different mouthwash preparations. The results demonstrated (i) that significantly more plaque formed at sites with gingivitis than at surfaces adjacent to healthy gingival units and (ii) pre-existing gingivitis significantly increased the amount of de novo plaque that formed in subjects who rinsed with mouthwash preparations containing chlorhexidine and triclosan.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

The effect of supragingival plaque control on the subgingival microflora in human periodontitis.

The aim of the present trial was to study if carefully practiced supragingival plaque control influenced the subgingival microbiota at periodontal sites with suprabony, infrabony, or furcation pockets. 12 subjects, 5 males and 7 females aged 44 to 69 years (mean age 55 years) participated in the study. None of the participants had during the last 12 months received periodontal therapy, and none of the subjects had used antibiotics during a 3-month period preceding the study. Following a screening examination, 6 to 8 sites per subject were selected which had a probing depth of > or = 5 mm. Among these sites, 1-3 sites had a suprabony location, 1-3 sites had an infrabony location, and 1-3 sites were associated with a furcation defect. The selected sites were exposed to a baseline examination at which the following parameters were recorded: plaque, gingivitis, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level. A bacterial sample was obtained from each of the selected sites: 2 sterile paper points were inserted into the pocket and kept in place for 30 seconds. The paper point samples were removed, placed in a vial containing an anaerobically prepared transport medium, and processed using routine procedures. Following the baseline examination, each subject was given a case presentation, received thorough supragingival scaling and was instructed to practice proper plaque control with the use of toothbrush and dentifrice. During the subsequent 30 weeks they were recalled 2-3xper week for professional tooth cleaning. Each session was handled by a dental hygienist and required about 15 min. Re-examinations were performed after 30 weeks. The findings indicated that professionally delivered and frequently repeated supragingival tooth cleaning, combined with careful self-performed plaque control had a marked effect on the subgingival microbiota of moderate to deep periodontal pockets. Thus, at sites with suprabony and infrabony pockets, as well as at furcation sites, the meticulous and prolonged supragingival plaque removal reduced the total number of microorganisms that could be harvested, as well as the % of sites with P. gingivalis.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Dimension of the periimplant mucosa. Biological width revisited.

The objective of the present study was to determine the dimension of the mucosal-implant attachment at sites with insufficient width of the ridge mucosa. 5 beagle dogs were used. Extractions of all mandibular premolars were performed and 3 months later, 3 fixtures of the Branemark System were installed in each side. Following 3 months of healing, abutment connection was carried out. On the right or left side of the mandible, abutment connection was performed according to the Branemark System manual (control side). On the contralateral side (test side), an incision not extending through the periosteum was made at the crest of the ridge. The soft tissue was dissected and a critical amount of connective tissue on the inside of the flap was excised. The periosteum was subsequently incised, abutment connection performed, and the trimmed flaps sutured. The sutures were removed after 10 days. After a 6-month period of plaque control, the animals were sacrificed, biopsies sampled and processed for light microscopy. The length of the junctional epithelium varied within a rather narrow range; 2.1 mm (control side) and 2.0 mm (test side). The height of the suprabony connective tissue in this model varied between 1.3+/-0.3 mm (test side) and 1.8+/-0.4 mm (control side). At sites where the ridge mucosa prior to abutment connection was made thin (< or = 2 mm), wound healing consistently included bone resorption. This implies that a certain minimum width of the periimplant mucosa may be required, and that bone resorption may take place to allow a stable soft tissue attachment to form.

Alveolar Process↗

PubMed1996

Some characteristics of the ridge mucosa before and after implant installation. A prospective study in humans.

The aim of the present investigation was to study some tissue characteristics of the ridge mucosa before and after implant installation. 9 partially edentulous patients were included in the study. At the time of fixture installation, 1 recipient site in each patient was selected for soft tissue biopsy. Abutment connection and restorative therapy were performed after 3-6 months. When the implants had been in function for about 6 months, a soft tissue sample was obtained from the keratinized peri-implant mucosa at the 1 implant site from which the first biopsy was obtained. Each biopsy was divided into 1 mesial and 1 distal portion. The mesial tissue portion was fixed in a buffered fixative and embedded in EPON. Sections were produced, stained in PAS and toluidine blue and used for histometric and morphometric analyses. The distal portion of the biopsies were embedded, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in a freezer at -70 degrees C. From each tissue portion, 15 sections were prepared in a cryostat and exposed to immunohistochemical staining. A panel of monoclonal antibodies was used and the avidin-biotin method for staining was applied. The sections were examined morphometrically. Both tissues harbored a well keratinized oral epithelium and a connective tissue, the composition of which was close to identical in terms of collagen, cells and vascular structures. The peri-implant mucosa, however, also included a junctional epithelium which evidently allowed the penetration of products from the oral cavity. As a consequence, the periimplant mucosa in comparison to the masticatory mucosa was found to contain significantly enhanced numbers of different inflammatory cells.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

The effect of periodontal therapy in diabetics. Results after 5 years.

The present investigation was performed to study the frequency of recurrence of periodontitis in diabetic subjects, who, prior to the initiation of a 5-year period of monitoring, were treated for moderate to advanced periodontal disease. 20 patients with diabetes, type 1 (IDDM) or type 2 (NIDDM) and 20, sex and age matched, controls with similar amounts of periodontal tissue destruction, were selected for the study. Following a screening examination, all patients were subjected to non-surgical periodontal therapy (oral hygiene instruction, supra- and subgingival scaling). 3 months later, the baseline examination for the study was performed. This included assessments of several parameters such as: number of teeth, plaque, gingivitis, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level. 6 months after the baseline examination, all 40 subjects were recalled for a 2nd examination. Sites which at this 6-month examination exhibited bleeding on probing, and had probing depth > 5 mm, were scheduled for additional surgical therapy (modified Widman flap). Following this selective additional therapy, the main period of monitoring was initiated. During this period, a plaque control program was repeated every 3 months. Re-examinations regarding plaque, gingivitis, probing depth and probing attachment level were performed 12, 24 and 60 months after the baseline examination. The findings from the examinations disclosed that diabetics and non-diabetics alike, treated for moderately to advanced forms of adult periodontitis, during a subsequent 5-year period, were able to maintain healthy periodontal conditions. Thus, the frequency of sites which exhibited signs of recurrent disease was similar in the 2 study groups.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

The effect of age on the development of gingivitis. Clinical, microbiological and histological findings.

In the present "experimental gingivitis" study, the response of the marginal gingiva to plaque formation was studied in one group of young subjects, 20-25 years of age, and in one group of older subjects, aged 65-80 years. During a 4-week period, all subjects received a series of professional tooth cleaning to establish healthy gingival conditions. A baseline examination (Day 0) included assessments of plaque and gingivitis. Sites that were examined (the experimental sites) included the mesio-palatal, palatal, and disto-palatal surfaces of all teeth present in the 15 ... 25 tooth region. Among the experimental sites, microbial sampling and gingival fluid assessment were performed and one gingival biopsy harvested from each subject. Following the baseline examination, the participants abolished mechanical tooth cleaning measures in the palatal and approximal surfaces of 15 ... 25. The clinical examination and the gingival fluid measurement were repeated on days 7, 14 and 21 of no oral hygiene. The microbiological sampling and the biopsy procedure were repeated on days 7 and 21. The data collected demonstrated that old subjects, during a 3-week period of oral hygiene abstention, formed similar amounts of plaque as the young subjects, but developed more gingivitis than young subjects. Thus, the clinical gingivitis assessments, the gingival fluid measurements and morphometric determinations made in the biopsy samples documented that the gingival lesion which formed in the old individuals was more pronounced and contained more inflammatory cells than the corresponding lesion in the young subject sample.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

A clinical survey of periodontal conditions in Greece.

The present study used full-mouth clinical assessments of plaque, calculus, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level to evaluate the periodontal conditions in a rural (A) and an urban (B) sample of 25-64 year old Greek adults, comprising 190 and 373 subjects, respectively. 13% of the subjects in sample (A) and 8% in sample (B) were edentulous, while mean values of teeth present in the four age cohorts ranged between 19.8-12.6 and 23.3-18.3, respectively. A poor level of oral hygiene was recorded in both samples with high plaque, calculus and bleeding scores. Deep pocketing was more pronounced in the rural than in the urban sample; between 1.7 and 8.0% of all sites probed showed a PPD of > or = 6 mm and between 20 and 51.2% of the subjects in each age cohort had at least one deep pocket. Corresponding figures for the urban sample was 0.6-4.7% and 15.1-49.2%. However, the prevalence of severe attachment loss was of comparable magnitude in both samples; between 2.8-25.7% of the sites in sample (A) and 2.8-20.6% in sample (B) displayed a PAL of > or = 6 mm, while 32.5-72.1% and 31.8-73.8% of the subjects, respectively, had at least one severely affected site. It was further found that the distribution of advanced disease in the samples was skewed; 14.4% of the subjects in sample (A) and 9.5% in sample (B) accounted for 75% of all deep pockets, while 21.8 and 19.4% of the subjects, respectively, accounted for 75% of all sites with PAL of > or = 6 mm. Multiple regression revealed that male sex and high plaque and bleeding scores had a significant, positive influence to the amount of attachment loss on a subject level.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Some effects of mouthrinses containing salifluor on de novo plaque formation and developing gingivitis.

Three clinical trials were carried out to evaluate the effects of mouthrinses containing 5n-octanoyl-3'-trifluormethylsalicylanilide (salifluor) on plaque and gingivitis. Each trial was performed as a double-blind, randomised and cross-over designed study (studies 1, 2 and 3). In each study, 10 young individuals with healthy gingiva abolished all means of mechanical plaque control during the course of the experimental period including 6 x 4 days (study 1), 3 x 18 days (study 2) and 3 x 14 days (study 3). They rinsed, 2 x daily, with various mouthwash preparations for 4 days (study 1), for the last 4 days of a 18 day period (study 2) or for 14 days (study 3). 6 (control, vehicle control, 0.08%, 0.12% and 0.2% salifluor and 0.12% chlorhexidine), 3 (control, 0.12% salifluor and 0.12% chlorhexidine) and 3 (control, 0.12% salifluor and 0.12% chlorhexidine) mouthwash preparations were tested in studies 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The findings of study 1 indicated that (i) mouthrinses containing salifluor were significantly more effective than control rinses and that (ii) the salifluor mouthrinses were equally effective as the 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse, in retarding 4-day de novo plaque formation. The findings of study 2 indicated that (i) the mouthrinse containing 0.12% salifluor retarded de novo plaque formation to the same extent as the 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse at healthy as well as at inflamed sites but that (ii) the anti-plaque effects of the salifluor and chlorhexidine mouthrinses were significantly smaller at sites with inflamed than with healthy gingiva. In study 3, it was observed that there was no significant difference between the 0.12% salifluor and 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinses in retarding de novo plaque formation and the development of gingivitis during a 14-day period of no mechanical plaque control. Thus, the results of the 3 clinical trials demonstrated the potential of salifluor as an effective anti-plaque and anti-inflammatory agent.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Effects of cyclosporine A on plasma cells in experimental gingivitis in dogs.

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of Cyclosporine A (CsA) on the inflammatory lesion formed in the gingival tissues during de novo plaque formation. 5 beagle dogs were used. On day 0, all teeth of the 5 dogs were scaled and polished. A 6-week period of plaque control including daily tooth cleaning with toothbrush and dentifrice was initiated. A clinical examination regarding plaque and gingivitis was performed, and the plaque control measures were abandoned on the right side of mandible. 3 weeks later, the clinical examination was repeated, samples of subgingival plaque harvested and biopsies obtained from the 3rd and 4th right mandibular premolar regions. The tooth cleaning measures on the left side of the mandible were terminated at this interval. During the following 3 weeks, the animals formed plaque in the lower left premolar regions, and received, 1 x daily, a subcutaneous injection of CsA. At the end of this 2nd plaque formation period (test), the clinical examination was repeated, subgingival plaque was sampled and biopsies from the 3rd and 4th left mandibular premolar regions harvested. The biopsies were prepared for histometric and morphometric analyses. The clinical and histological examinations demonstrated that plaque formation resulted in a gingival lesion (ICT) which, in the 2 periods, had similar size and apical extension. The ICT formed during the CsA administration period, however, harbored an increased number of plasma cells and a reduced macrophage density than the control lesion. It is suggested that CsA administration may result in a Th-2 (T-helper 2-cell) dependent activation of B-lymphocytes.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗