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Biomedical subjects

J Liljestrand

Publications and source records attributed to J Liljestrand.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Aetiology of late fetal death in Maputo.

BACKGROUND: To study the etiology of late fetal death in Maputo. PATIENTS: Stillbirths (n = 163) in Maputo were compared to 207 live births. RESULTS: A probable cause of fetal death could be determined in 112 cases (69%). Hypertension was the most common factor associated with stillbirth and occurred in 14% of the fetal deaths, followed by abruption of the placenta (13%), syphilis (8%), clinical intra-uterine infection (6%), malaria (4%), fetal malformation (4%), umbilical cord complications (4%) and anaemia (4%). Mothers of stillborns and referent mothers differed in the following parameters: fetal weight, gestational age, numbers of previous stillbirths, haemoglobin, packed cell volume (p < 0.001), age, number of pregnancies (p < 0.01), parity, number of live children and skinfold thickness (p < 0.05). In the stillborn cases where no probable cause of fetal death was established, newborn weight was significantly lower and estimated gestational age significantly shorter (p < 0.001), number of previous pregnancies and number of previous stillbirths were significantly larger (p < 0.05) than in the referent group, but otherwise no significant differences were found. In two randomly selected sub-groups, 28 mothers with stillbirth without probable diagnoses, and in 24 referent mothers, selected serum proteins and acute-phase reactants were determined. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean values of haptoglobin, pre-albumin, retinol-binding protein and alpha 1-antitrypsin in the two subgroups. The stillbirth subgroup had significantly higher mean values of C-reactive protein and serum orosomucoid than the referent group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Signs of maternal illness were present in one third of the mothers with stillbirth, and half of them required medical care. In one third there was no final diagnosis, but these mothers showed significantly higher mean values of acute phase reactants, suggesting low-grade infection.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1995

A long-term follow-up of 108 vasectomized men. Good counselling routines are important.

Contraceptive sterilization of men and women was made legal in Sweden in 1976. Males presently account for approximately 20% of the 8-10,000 people sterilized yearly in the country. Only few long-term follow-ups have been performed on Swedish men. Since 1983 preoperative counselling of men has been available in the county of Blekinge at family planning clinics. Prior to this counselling was available only at urologic or surgical departments. To evaluate long term satisfaction and the new counselling possibilities, all men vasectomized in Blekinge during 1985-1986 (n = 108) were investigated by a mailed questionnaire 2 years and 7 years after the operation. Response rates were 98% after 2 years and 96% after 7 years. 93% of the responding men were satisfied with their vasectomy when asked after 2 years. 95% reported satisfaction 5 years later. Problems mentioned concerned sexual performance, long lasting pain, and wanting children in new relationships. Regret was not encountered among the 25% who had been counselled at family planning centers.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Antenatal cards--what should they contain?

An antenatal card should be designed to facilitate the early detection of important and clearly defined conditions, which in turn can result in well-defined and beneficial actions. The home-based antenatal card is a good instrument for having relevant information accessible at various antenatal visits, and also for transmitting the information to the delivery staff. If properly designed, it could also serve as an important means to assess epidemiological characteristics of the pregnant population, necessary for deciding priorities in a public health perspective. A cross-sectional study of women giving birth in León, Nicaragua, showed that the majority of the women could be classified as high-risk pregnancies. The present paper discusses the design of the Nicaraguan antenatal card, as well as its risk factors. A revision of the antenatal card and the accompanying manual is suggested, particularly with regard to the definitions of the high-risk criteria and the proposed action.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A study of the use of the Nicaraguan antenatal card.

The present study describes the use of a home-based antenatal card in a sample of 120 consecutive women who were giving birth at a large teaching hospital in the city of León, Nicaragua. Information was obtained by interviews with the women before leaving hospital and all data on their antenatal cards and regarding delivery outcome were analysed. Antenatal care attendance by the 120 women was 93 per cent, and 86 per cent had received an antenatal card. However, only in 33 per cent of the cases had the card been adequately used: inappropriate handling in hospital was the commonest cause of non-use. Suggestions for a revision of the card are presented in the companion article, in which we also stress the importance of continuous training of the health personnel.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Experiences of legal sterilization in Scandinavia.

The three Scandinavian countries--Denmark, Norway and Sweden--all legalized voluntary sterilization in the 1970s. Previous legislation had been very restrictive, limiting access to certain defined minority groups. During the two decades with this new possibility, sterilization has been accepted as a good contraceptive alternative, equally accessible for men and women above age 25 years. The sterilization frequency varies considerably between the three countries, being most popular in Norway and Denmark. The proportion of sterilization in males versus females is 40% in Denmark, 25% in Norway and 20% in Sweden. Published follow-up studies point out risk groups for regret of the intervention, and underline the need for good preoperative counseling. The overall results are very positive.

Counseling↗
PubMed1993

Childbirth after post partum cardiac insufficiency treated with cardiac transplant.

A case of pregnancy and childbirth after cardiac transplantation because of previous post partum cardiomyopathy is described. Immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids and cyclosporine was maintained during pregnancy. Apart from increased extrasystolic beats and sensitivity to infection the pregnancy was uneventful. One year after birth the infant developed cardiomyopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies in pregnant women in the City of Maputo, Mozambique. A comparative study between 1982/1983 and 1990.

The seroprevalence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 among pregnant women in Maputo, the capital of Mozambique, was compared between the years 1982/83, 1988 and 1990. None of the 432 serum samples collected in 1982/83 was positive for HIV antibodies whereas in 1988 the HIV-1 and HIV-2 seroprevalence was 0.4% (2/500) and 0.6% (3/500), respectively, and in 1990 0.6% (12/2014) and 0.2% (4/2014), respectively. These results indicate that HIV infection has been introduced recently in Maputo and is spreading at a slow rate among women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Characteristics of young female smokers in a Swedish primary health care area.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the correlation between smoking, socioeconomic characteristics, and sexual and contraceptive patterns in young women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional population study, smokers compared with non-smokers. SETTING: Nättraby-Hasslö, a rural area in southern Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: All women between 15-34 years of age (n = 541). RESULTS: 26% smoked daily. Smokers on average had less schooling, lower 9th grade results, less satisfaction in school, and more unskilled professions than non-smokers. Apart from a higher parental divorce rate among smokers, no correlation between parental factors and smoking was found. Smokers on average reported an earlier sexual debut, more unprotected first intercourse, more life-time sexual partners, and more legal abortions. CONCLUSION: Smoking is associated with sexual habits, which may reflect a higher tendency to take personal risks among smokers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Obstetrical risk factors and pregnancy outcome in rural Mozambique. A prospective study.

A study of 373 pregnant women in two rural areas of Mozambique indicates that 38% of pregnant women are classified as having high risk factors according to the antenatal card. A postpartum follow-up of 200 women showed that data were available for 85% of the enrolled women. The 10 women (7%) that had suffered perinatal deaths did not have an overrepresentation of high risk factors according to the card. Neither of the 2 women suffering maternal deaths had had any risk criteria according to the card. More efficient risk criteria will presumably be the outcome of further research for an improved antenatal card.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women in a Swedish primary health care area.

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of genital chlamydial infection in an unselected population of young women by offering a screening investigation to all women between the ages of 15 and 34 in a primary health care area. Specimens were taken from both the urethra and the cervix in all participating women, and data regarding the participants' symptoms, sexual habits, contraceptive use and socioeconomic factors were also collected. The specimens were analyzed with a primary enzyme immunoassay (Syva MikroTrak) and a confirmatory direct immunofluorescence test (Syva MikroTrak). A total of 543 women were invited to the study and 374 women (68.9%) participated. 10/374 women (2.7%) were chlamydia positive and only 2 of these 10 chlamydia infected women were less than 25 years of age. The chlamydia infected women had positive tests either from the urethra (4 women) or from the cervix (6 women), and in no case the tests were positive from both locations. No statistically significant differences between the chlamydia positive and negative women were found concerning any clinical or anamnestic factor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Contraception and sexuality in an area-specific group of Swedish women 15-34 years of age.

In a community-based study in a Swedish suburban/rural area, all women aged 15-34 years (n = 671) were invited to the local health centre to be examined for chlamydia infection and for an interview. The attenders were asked about contraceptive history, age at first intercourse, number of life-time sexual partners and socioeconomic background. The net attendance was 69%, and contraceptive information on an additional 20% could be gathered through medical records. The average age at first intercourse was around 16 years, and the average number of sexual partners in the age-groups 20-24, 25-30 and 31-34 years was 4.0, 5.6 and 6.1, respectively. Of all women, around 75% had used contraception at first intercourse, and there was no tendency to a changing pattern during the past 20 years studies through the interviews. Combined estrogen-progestagen pills were by far the most used contraceptive method, presently being used by 42% of the contracepting women, followed by condom (23%), IUD (19%) and other hormonal methods (10%). It is concluded that sexual life in Sweden starts earlier than it did 30 years ago, that the number of sexual partners is higher, that most women in the studied group were efficient contraceptors, and that hormonal contraception was by far the most common method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Antenatal nutritional assessment: the value of upper arm circumference.

Nutritional indicators such as prepregnant weight or weight increase during pregnancy are often difficult to use in developing countries. The value of the mid-upper-arm circumference was therefore analyzed in a study of 833 Mozambican gravidae, mainly seen at community level. Arm circumference was associated with both the estimated prepregnancy weight (p less than 0.0001) and the arm muscle circumference (p less than 0.0001). Of the studied women, 4% had an arm circumference below 23 cm, and 69% of these women had an estimated prepregnant weight for height below 85% of standard. An arm circumference below 25 cm was encountered in 24% of the studied group, and 11 out of these 24% were below 85% of estimated prepregnancy weight for height. In Mozambican gravidae a mid-upper-arm circumference below 25 cm is a warning of malnutrition and below 23 cm is a strong indicator of malnutrition.

Arm↗