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Biomedical subjects

J Levy

Publications and source records attributed to J Levy.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Correlations of clinical and laboratory effects of treatment with levamisole in autoimmune disease.

Studies in which levamisole has been used with success in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases may provide information useful in cancer treatment with regard to optimal dosage regimens and methods for monitoring laboratory effects. Using the response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin mitogen measured by the uptake of tritiated thymidine in 3-day culture, patients with rheumatoid arthritis were found to have a significantly deficient response compared to normal subjects. Levamisole treatment reversed this deficiency and normalized lymphocyte mitogen responses. These studies showed the benefit of a dose of 150 mg of levamisole compared to lower doses and also showed equal maintenance of immunocompetency with a dose of 150 mg/week compared to daily levamisole. In addition, compared to poor clinical responders, good clinical responders were shown to have a greater enhancement in mitogen response, both during the treatment period and when levamisole was added in vitro to lymphocyte culture prior to drug treatment. It was concluded that laboratory studies of lymphocyte mitogen response may contribute towards better management of patients receiving levamisole therapy.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1978

Levamisole and cellular immunity in rheumatoid arthritis--clinical and laboratory correlates.

Studies in a number of laboratories have confirmed a deficiency in lymphocyte PHA mitogen response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Improvement in T cell function in these deficient patients had been noted with levamisole treatment. We have also shown clinical improvement associated with reversal of this deficiency during a double-blind controlled study with levamisole. Patients showing good clinical response showed a greater enhancement of T cell function as compared to those patients showing a poor clinical response to levamisole. Clinical responders also showed a significantly greater enhancement with in vitro levamisole added to lymphocyte culture prior to drug treatment than did poor clinical responders. Decreased B cell function, immunoglobulin and autoantibody levels have also been observed with levamisole treatment. These studies may suggest that levamisole is acting by normalizing T cell function with a presumed secondary suppressive effect on B cell autoantibody synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Bone scintigraphy in scurvy.

Scintigraphic bone changes in two cases of scurvy are described, the cause being subperiosteal hematoma. Generalized increased uptake was shown in the affected femur at an early state of the disease. At a late stage, marked uptake both in the femoral shaft and surrounding tissue was seen causing scintigraphic appearance of widened ("club-shaped") femur.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

Visual cortical areas mediating form discrimination in the cat.

Cats were trained pre- and/or postoperatively on flux and pattern discriminations, and were examined in a series of visuomotor tests which measured attention and orientation to, and following and localization of stationary and moving stimuli, in a free situation and in a perimetry test. Cortical lesions were placed in areas 17 and 18, or in the middle and posterior suprasylvian gyri and sulci--areas 19, 20, 21, 7 and lateral suprasylvian cortex (LSA), as delineated by cyto- and myeloarchitecture, and by electrophysiological mapping. After removal of all of area 17 and up to 90-95% of 18, postoperative learning of flux and pattern discriminations is at a high level, although in some cases slowed. Visuomotor behavior is normal. Such lesions result in severe atrophy only of laminae A, A1 and C in the lateral geniculate nuclear complex (LGNd). The neuronal systems for perceiving and discriminating simple, large planimetric patterns and forms, and for mediating visually guided behavior characteristic of this species lie outside of areas 17-18. The cortices primarily responsible for form discrimination in the cat include those in the suprasylvian gyri and sulci. After lesions which removed areas 19, 20, 21 and LSA, sparing most of 17-18, form discriminations based on orientation or shape were prolonged or absent. Although these animals showed slow tracking and poor depth judgment, the visual fields were full and they had good sensory and perceptive capacity as seen in normal flux and near normal pattern (gratings) discrimination. Such lesions result in severe atrophy in lateral and inferior pulvinar complex. Although these nuclei receive visual input primarily from the superficial laminae of the superior colliculus and certain nuclei of the pretectum, both areas 19 and LSA receive a dual input from pulvinar and parts of LGNd. Whether these marked deficits in form discrimination after suprasylvian lesions are due to involvement of certain crucial areas of this extensive cortex, or whether all are involved in some integrated fashion, is not yet completely clear. Removal of 19, 21 and parts of LSA are followed by similar (but somewhat less marked) deficits of both retention and learning. Lesion in area 20 alone (cortical target of the lateral pulvinar) leaves retention of preoperatively learned discriminations intact but results in prolonged initial learning. Previous work by the present authors has shown similar deficits in form discrimination in the cat after lesions in the pretectum-superior colliculus. These data, together with the present findings appear to support the hypothesis that the midbrain-pulvinar-cortical pathways provide the first stage in simple, coarse form perception and discrimination in this species.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The correlation of the phi function of the difference score with performance and its relevance to laterality experiments.

It is shown that there is a generic correlation between the phi functions of differences in pairs of scores and the averages of pairs of scores. This correlation can be approximated extremely accurately given only the means, variances, and covariance of the two scores in the sample data. Thus, even when difference scores are transformed into their phi equivalents, these are still not independent of performance level.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1977

Effects of 2.6-4.0 GHz microwave radiation on E-coli B.

The effects of 2.6-4.0 GHz microwave radiation on living E. coli B bacteria were studied using measurement of the colony forming ability (CFA) of the cells and alterations in the molecular structure determined by comparing the infrared spectrum of irradiated and unirradiated cell cultures. At absorbed power levels of 20 mW in 1 ml of cellular suspensions (i.e., a specific absorption rate of 20 W/kg) for 10-12 hour exposures, no effects were observed on either the molecular structure or the CFA for this particular strain of E. coli.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1977

Perceptual, semantic and phonetic aspects of elementary language processes in split-brain patients.

Patients with total forebrain commissurotomy were examined on three tests of elementary linguistic ability. We found that the right hemisphere was dominant for the visual recognition of words when no semantic or phonetic decoding was required. The left hemisphere assumed control of behaviour when written words had to be matched semantically to pictures, though the right hemisphere was also competent at this task. On a test of rhyming, the left hemisphere was not only dominant, but was vastly superior to the right which displayed little, if any, ability. We suggest that the two hemispheres are basically differentiated with respect to their generative, constructive capacities in language, as in other functions of intelligence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The impact of urban community hospital surveillance for gonorrhoea on the infection rate and complications in the female. A progress report.

This study substantiates a previous report concerning the importance of the urban community hospital, particularly its emergency room, in the detection of gonorrhoea in women. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a major complication of gonorrhoea in women, significantly declined during a nine-year surveillance and control programme in the Memphis-Shelby County area. This suggests that the programme may have prevented PID developing in women through the early detection and treatment of asymptomatic infections.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1977

Recent results after repair of atrioventricular canal.

Tweleve patients with the complete form of persistent atrioventricular (AV) canal were operated upon at the University of Wisconsin between May, 1972, and November, 1975. The technique originally described by Rastelli and his associates was used. All 12 patients are asymptomatic and well, with no hospital or late deaths. Postoperative cardiac catheterization in 8 patients showed a return to near normal dynamics, with minimal residual mitral insufficiency. Half of these children had type A and half type C malformations; both types could be repaired without the need for valve replacement. Since 3 of these patients were less than 2 years of age, we now feel that complete repair of the AV canal can be undertaken in children between 12 and 18 months of age for optimal management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Viral hepatitis and pregnancy].

When nine cases of viral hepatitis had been analysed they showed that the normally held pessimism of this infectious pathological condition associated with pregnancy was ill-founded. The natural outcome for viral hepatitis in our country is not any worse in pregnancy than when the patients are not pregnant. The outlook for the fetus is above all determined by its prematurity, since we have not observed any cases of abortion, malformations or small-for-dates fetuses. On the other hand the neo-natal progress is slow with anaemia and jaundice frequent signs. Treatment of threatened early labour with beta-mimetic drug has been carried out carefully because of the risks for the fetuses.

Amniotic Fluid↗