Transfusion-induced immunologic abnormalities not related to AIDS virus.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Biomedical subjects
J Levy
Publications and source records attributed to J Levy.
Isolation of AIDS virus from cell-free breast milk of three healthy virus carriers.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Membranal tyrosine protein kinase activity (but not cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity) is associated with growth of rat mammary tumors.
DMBA induced rat mammary tumors were used to study the association of tyrosine protein kinase activity with tumor growth. Pharmacological manipulations of blood prolactin level, by perphenazine and bromocriptine, were used to stimulate or arrest tumor growth, respectively. During perphenazine treatment, a 2-3-fold increase in membranal tyrosine protein kinase activity, measured with angiotensin II as substrate, preceded the 3-4-fold increase in tumor area. At the same time the cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity, measured with kemptide as substrate, did not change.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
Stimulation of skeletal-derived cell cultures by different electric field intensities is cell-specific.
Pulsed electric stimulation, coupled capacitively to different cell cultures of skeletal origin, caused immediate changes in the cellular levels of cyclic AMP and a later enhanced DNA synthesis. Changes both in cyclic AMP level and DNA synthesis were correlated with the strength of the applied electric field. Cultures of calvaria bone cells which contain mainly two cell types, parathyroid hormone responsive cells (osteoblast-like) and prostaglandin E2 responsive cells (fibroblast-like), respond to both low (13 V/cm) and to high (54 V/cm) electric field strength, with no response at intermediate (24 V/cm) field strength. Rat epiphyseal cartilage responded like bone cells both to low and high field intensities, while rat condylar cartilage responded only to the intermediate field strength. Moreover, subcultures of calvaria bone cells, which lost their osteoblastic phenotype expression during subculturing, were responsive only to low field strength. On the other hand, osteoblast-enriched cultures, derived from calvaria bone grown in low calcium, were responsive only to the high field strength. These findings suggest that the response to various electric field intensities is cell-specific and might be used as an additional parameter to characterize cell types. Our study points to the possibility that when exposing a whole organ to an electrical stimulation it is possible to affect specifically only one cell population out of the many cell types existing in the organ.
Animals↗
Brain mass as a manifestation of very late relapse in nonendemic Burkitt's lymphoma.
A 4-year-old boy was diagnosed as suffering from Burkitt's lymphoma with abdominal and maxillary involvement. The child was from a nonendemic area for Burkitt's lymphoma, and no association with Epstein-Barr virus was found. Two years after the completion of therapy, (3.25 years later) the child developed a solitary brain tumor, which was completely excised and was diagnosed as Burkitt's lymphoma. No meningeal involvement was found. Very late relapse in nonendemic Burkitt's lymphoma is very rare, and its presentation as a solid brain mass without meningeal involvement has not been reported before.
Brain Neoplasms↗
Steroid receptors in a granulosa cell tumor (GCT) in an infant with precocious puberty.
A granulosa theca cell tumor was found in a 10-month-old girl with precocious puberty. Steroid hormone receptors were measured in fractionated tumor cells. Estrogen and progesterone receptors were measured in the cytosol, and estrogen receptors were measured in the nuclear fraction of the tumor. Although high affinity (Kd 0.4 nM) progesterone receptors were present in the cytosol of this tumor-54 fmole/mg protein-no cytosolic estradiol receptors could be detected; however, these receptors were found to be tightly bound to the nuclear fraction of the tumor. The nuclear protein had lower apparent Kd for the hormones-5.4 nM. This tumor produced and released various steroid hormones. The plasma steroid levels before removal of the tumor were 1,200 pg/ml for estradiol, 350 pg/ml for testosterone, and 5 ng/ml for progesterone. All these steroid hormones declined postoperatively to undetectable levels, with total remission of pubertal signs. Plasma-dehydroepiandrosterone, prolactin, and gonadotropin levels were in the normal range before and after surgery. These results suggest that cytosolic progesterone receptor as an estrogenic marker and/or nuclear estrogen receptors may predict the hormonal dependency of these estrogen-producing tumors.
Cell Nucleus↗
Hypocalcaemia induced by glucocorticoids in a child with hypoparathyroidism treated with 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3.
Glucocorticoids tend to lower the intestinal absorption of calcium, leading to a negative calcium balance. A 7-year-old girl with hypoparathyroidism was maintained as normocalcaemic on 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha D3) and calcium gluconate lactate. During an episode of aplastic anaemia she was treated with prednisolone, with a subsequent dramatic fall of serum calcium despite 1 alpha D3 treatment and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) in the high-normal range. Glucocorticoids seem to have interfered directly with cellular events responsible for intestinal absorption of calcium.
Anemia, Aplastic↗
Maintenance of milk protein gene expression in a subpopulation of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary carcinoma cells grown on attached collagen gels.
Milk protein gene expression was studied in cell subpopulations of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary carcinoma cells enriched or depleted for casein production grown on attached collagen gels. Culture of these cells in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum, insulin (5 micrograms/ml), hydrocortisone (10 micrograms/ml), and prolactin (5 micrograms/ml) maintained alpha-, beta-, and gamma-casein and whey acidic protein mRNAs at levels identical to cells isolated from perphenazine-treated rats. Whey acidic protein mRNA levels in the tumor cells relative to the 14-d lactating gland were greater than those of the casein mRNAs. Withdrawal of prolactin from the casein-producing cells resulted in the loss of all four milk protein mRNAs. Subsequent addition of prolactin to the withdrawn cells caused a rapid accumulation of these mRNAs to prewithdrawal levels. Milk protein gene expression in this tumor cell subpopulation is modulated by prolactin (in the presence of insulin and hydrocortisone) in a similar manner to that observed in the normal mammary gland when these tumor cells are cultured on attached collagen gels.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
A chemically cleavable biotinylated nucleotide: usefulness in the recovery of protein-DNA complexes from avidin affinity columns.
A biotinylated nucleotide analog containing a disulfide bond in the 12-atom linker joining biotin to the C-5 of the pyrimidine ring has been synthesized. This analog, Bio-SS-dUTP, is an efficient substrate for Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. Bio-SS-dUTP supported DNA synthesis in a standard nick-translation reaction at 35%-40% the rate of an equal concentration of the normal nucleotide, TTP. DNA containing this analog was bound to an avidin-agarose affinity column and subsequently eluted after reduction of the disulfide bond by dithiothreitol. The ability to recover biotinylated DNA from an avidin affinity column under nondenaturing conditions should prove useful in the isolation of specific protein-DNA complexes. As a demonstration of this approach, Bio-SS-DNA was reconstituted with histones to form 11S monomer nucleosomes. Bio-SS-nucleosomes were shown to selectively bind to avidin-agarose. Ninety percent of the bound Bio-SS-nucleosomes were recovered from the affinity column by elution with buffer containing 50-500 mM dithiothreitol. The recovered nucleosomes were shown to be intact 11S particles as judged by velocity sedimentation in a sucrose gradient. This approach may prove to be generally useful in the isolation of protein-DNA complexes in a form suitable for further analysis of their native unperturbed structure.
Affinity Labels↗
A permeability barrier as a mechanism of chloramphenicol resistance in Haemophilus influenzae.
Chloramphenicol resistance in Haemophilus influenzae occurs most frequently via plasmid-mediated chloramphenicol acetyltransferase production. We studied four strains with high-level chloramphenicol resistance (MIC greater than 20 micrograms/ml) which did not have detectable chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity. The chloramphenicol resistance determinant was transformed into a chloramphenicol-susceptible laboratory H. influenzae strain from each of the four wild-type strains, enabling isogenic comparisons. By thin-layer chromatography and a bioassay, there was no evidence of non-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase modification of chloramphenicol. In vitro protein synthesis in the presence of chloramphenicol was equivalently inhibited in the chloramphenicol-resistant transformants and in the susceptible recipient. Chloramphenicol uptake by these strains during logarithmic growth was compared by high-pressure liquid chromatographic quantitation; at chloramphenicol concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 micrograms/ml the four transformants showed a decreased rate of uptake of chloramphenicol compared with the isogenic chloramphenicol-susceptible recipient. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of outer membrane proteins revealed a markedly diminished 40-kilodalton protein in the resistant transformants. We propose that the mechanism of chloramphenicol resistance in these strains is a relative permeability barrier due to the loss of an outer membrane protein.
Acetyltransferases↗
Comparative in vitro activities of aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, HR 810 (a new cephalosporin), RU28965 (a new macrolide), and other agents against enteropathogens.
The in vitro activity of drugs currently used in the treatment of diarrhea against 595 enteropathogens from worldwide sources was compared with that of six newly developed antibiotics, ciprofloxacin; norfloxacin; ofloxacin; aztreonam; HR810, an expanded-spectrum cephalosporin; and RU28965, a new macrolide. In contrast with ampicillin and chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole showed an excellent activity against all of the enteropathogens tested, except Campylobacter species. Ciprofloxacin had the highest activity, with an overall 90% MIC of less than or equal to 0.097 micrograms/ml, except for Campylobacter species (0.39 micrograms/ml). Unlike other cephalosporins, HR810 showed a satisfactory activity against Campylobacter species (90% MIC of 3.12 micrograms/ml). RU28965 was three times less active than erythromycin against Campylobacter species.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Expression of the mammalian c-fes protein in hematopoietic cells and identification of a distinct fes-related protein.
The avian c-fps and mammalian c-fes proto-oncogenes are cognate cellular sequences. Antiserum raised against the P140gag-fps transforming protein of Fujinami avian sarcoma virus specifically recognized a 92,000-Mr protein in human and mouse hematopoietic cells which was closely related in structure to Snyder-Theilen feline sarcoma virus P87gag-fes. This polypeptide was apparently the product of the human c-fes gene and was therefore designated p92c-fes. Human p92c-fes was associated with a tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity in vitro and was capable of both autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of enolase as an exogenous protein substrate. The synthesis of human and mouse p92c-fes was largely, though not entirely, confined to myeloid cells. p92c-fes was expressed to relatively high levels in a multipotential murine myeloid cell line, in more mature human and mouse granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, and in differentiated macrophage like cells as well as in the mononuclear fraction of normal and leukemic human peripheral blood. p92c-fes was not found in erythroid cells, with the exception of a human erythroleukemia line which retains the capacity to differentiate into macrophage like cells. These results suggest a normal role for the p92c-fes tyrosine kinase in hematopoiesis, particularly in granulocyte-macrophage differentiation. In addition, a distinct 94,000-Mr polypeptide, antigenically related to p92c-fes, was identified in a number of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic human and mouse cells and was also found to be associated with a tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity.
Animals↗
Hyperbaric oxygenation in peripheral ischaemic lesions in infants.
Acute peripheral arterial occlusion may lead to gangrene, with loss of parts of arms and legs. Three infants with disseminated intravascular clotting developed dark red discoloration of the tips of fingers and toes which progressed proximally. Repeated hyperbaric oxygenation treatments caused regression of the demarcation line and further progression of necrosis stopped.
Arm↗
Aminoglycoside penetration, inactivation, and efficacy in cystic fibrosis sputum.
We studied sputum tobramycin concentrations after intravenous administration in 10 cystic fibrosis patients. Tobramycin concentrations were determined by a bioassay and a radioenzymatic assay (REA). The bacterial density of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum was examined serially during therapy. Bioactivity of tobramycin in the sputum was low and increased little during treatment. In contrast, tobramycin content (as assayed by REA) showed a progressive accumulation of the drug to high concentrations: a mean of 82 micrograms/g sputum after 3 wk of therapy in 4 patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was eradicated from the sputum in 3 of 4 patients receiving antibiotic therapy for 3 wk. Eradication correlated with tobramycin sputum concentrations measured by REA, which were 20-fold greater than the apparent tobramycin inhibitory concentration. A bactericidal effect of aminoglycosides in the presence of sputum in vitro could only be reliably produced with concentrations 25-fold the MIC. We conclude that tobramycin penetrates cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum and accumulates over time. Although CF sputum antagonized the bioactivity of aminoglycosides, 3 wk of intravenous therapy combined with an antipseudomonal beta-lactam antibiotic may be effective in eradication of P. aeruginosa from sputum of certain CF patients.
Adolescent↗
Learning to comprehend the multiple perspectives of psychotherapeutic interactions.
This study focuses on an educational experience aimed at preparing the participants to appreciate and comprehend the multiple perspectives of psychotherapeutic interactions. A group of advanced psychiatric residents listened, during four seminars, to a complete psychotherapeutic session conducted by their colleague. The clinical material stimulated them to bring out their own perspectives, which were both complementary to, and different from their colleague's. In the process the participants had the opportunity to experience the complexity of the many-sidedness of the therapeutic interactions. In a well designed program for the learning of psychotherapy, this educational approach is to be integrated with other methods.
Adult↗
Percutaneous sclerosis of an external biliary fistula.
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Biliary Fistula↗
Bone calcification and calcium homeostasis in rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes induced by streptozocin.
The effect of mild, non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) on bone calcification and calcium (Ca) homeostasis was studied in growing rats (males and females). The diabetic state was characterized by mild insulin deficiency, plasma levels being 73% of controls, and mild hyperglycemia, with nonfasting plasma glucose levels of 1.5 times normal. There was no difference in plasma levels of Ca, phosphate (Pi), magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcitonin, 25-(OH)vitamin D (25[OH]D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D), and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25[OH]2D) between the NIDDM rats and their controls of either sex. Metabolic Ca and Pi balance studies revealed that the experimental animals of both sexes were in positive Ca and Pi balance similar to that of their controls. Histologic studies of the kidney and intestinal slices from the experimental group were normal. Ca and Pi bone content calculated per gram bone ash of the femur, mandible, and second and fourth caudal vertebrae, and the organic content in the bones of the NIDDM animals showed no difference from their controls. Femur bone density and tibial epiphyseal growth plate width and morphology were similar histologically in the experimental and control rats. No decreased osteoid content in the tibial bone was found in the diabetic rats compared with controls. Physiologic sex differences, consisting of lower plasma Pi, higher plasma calcitonin levels, increased ratio of femur dry bone weight to total body weight, and increased percentage of mineralized and total bone volume at the tibial metaphysis seen in female compared with male control rats were also seen in the diabetic animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Variable deterioration in cortical function during insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
Cortical function during insulin-induced hypoglycemia was studied in 14 normal controls and 12 type I diabetic patients by measuring the reaction time to a visual stimulus. Each subject was studied on two occasions, during insulin-induced hypoglycemia and under euglycemic conditions. The mean reaction time during euglycemic conditions was 260 +/- 6 ms in the controls and 309 +/- 11 ms in the diabetic subjects (P less than 0.001) and did not change significantly over a 2-h period. Intravenous (i.v.) insulin administration to both groups of subjects resulted in similar reductions in glucose concentrations, which were maintained below 50 mg/dl for at least 30 min. Under these conditions, the reaction time increased significantly (mean increase 104 +/- 37 ms [P less than 0.02] in the controls and 75 +/- 28 ms [P less than 0.02] in the diabetic subjects). However, significant variability in responsiveness was observed in individual subjects. Three of the 14 controls and 4 of the 12 diabetic subjects showed no significant change in reaction time during hypoglycemia, while the remainder demonstrated significant increases. Individual differences were not correlated with severity or duration of hypoglycemia or counterregulatory hormone responses. The maximum increase in reaction time occurred as long as 60 min after the nadir glucose and returned to baseline 10-40 min after normalization (greater than 60 mg/dl) of the plasma glucose level. Subjective awareness of hypoglycemia was unrelated to the change in reaction time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗