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Biomedical subjects

J Levine

Publications and source records attributed to J Levine.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Correlation of thicknesses of superficial spreading malignant melanomas and ages of patients.

In a prospective study of 455 consecutive patients with superficial spreading malignant melanomas entered into the data base of the Melanoma Cooperative Group of New York University Medical Center, it was found by linear-regression analysis that there is a statistically significant (p = 0.005) positive correlation between the ages of the patients and the thickness of their lesions. Although the reasons for the correlation between ages and thicknesses ae not certain, several possible explanations were considered, namely: (1) the greater prevalence of superficial spreading malignant melanomas in the aged on the lower limbs where thicker lesions were present in our patients, (2) the altered skin of the elderly, which may favor deeper penetration by these neoplasms, (3) impaired immunologic responses in the aged, (4) the delay in diagnosis of malignant melanomas in the elderly because of obsuration of them by numerous benign pigmented lesions that frequently develop with aging, and (5) lesser concern of the elderly with their physical appearances in particular and medical problems in general.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Monomorphic adenoma of minor salivary glands: a reappraisal and report of nine new cases.

A search of intraoral lesions on which biopsies were performed within a five-year period at the University of Connecticut disclosed 26 benign neoplasms of minor salivary gland origin, of which nine were classified as variants of monomorphic adenoma. Of these, eight were considered to be basal cell, basaloid, or canalicular types. As there was no clear histologic distinction between these histologic subtypes, and as all such lesions (basal cell, basaloid, or canalicular adenomas) displayed a noticeable predilection for the upper lip, it was concluded that the three are variants of one entity and need not be separated. It is recommended that the term basal cell adenoma henceforth be adapted to describe all of such variants.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1980

The composition and organization of axonally transported proteins in the retinal ganglion cells of the guinea pig.

We labeled the proteins of guinea pig retinal ganglion cells with [35S]methionine and analyzed the axonally transported polypeptides by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Five groups of transported polypeptides could be distinguished by their characteristic times of initial appearance in segments of the axons of the retinal ganglion cells. The times of initial appearance of the groups corresponded to maximum transport velocities ranging from greater than 200 mm/day to 0.5 mm/day. We directly compared these transported polypeptides to polypeptides undergoing axonal transport in the retinal ganglion cells of the rabbit. Electrophoretically similar polypeptides were transported at the same relative velocities in the two animals. Our results lead to the following conclusions. (1) The basic composition and organization of axonally transported proteins is probably a general constant feature of mammalian retinal ganglion cells, implying that the correct organization is important for the proper functioning of these neurons. Therefore, the results obtained by the analysis of individual model systems should have general significance. (2) Four discontinuities in the transport process (in addition to the 5 discontinuities represented by the major transport groups) were revealed by a consideration of subtle differences between the rabbit and guinea pig, as well as differences in the rate of disappearance of label from individual polypeptides within each transport group. (3) The guinea pig should provide a useful model system for studying axonal transport, especially for immunological studies, since antibodies against axonally transported proteins of the guinea pig can be conveniently prepared in the rabbit. (4) While the structure (as reflected by electrophoretic mobility) of most major axonally transported polypeptides appears to be conserved over the evolutionary period (about 30 million years) separating two orders of mammals, the electrophoretic mobility of one neurofilament-associated polypeptide, H, was abnormally variant between the two species.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Prevention of relapse in schizophrenia. An evaluation of fluphenazine decanoate.

We tested the role of guaranteed delivery of medication in the prevention of relapse and the enhancement of adjustment in the community in patients with schizophrenia. Two hundred and ninety newly hospitalized patients at four hospitals were randomly assigned to groups receiving either long-acting injectable fluphenazine decanoate or short-acting oral fluphenazine hydrochloride. After discharge and stabilization, patients were treated in the community for up to one year. By the end of the year, 28% of all the patients had relapsed. Contrary to hypothesis, differences between the two treatment groups in relapse percentages were not significant. Furthermore, there were no differences between the treatment groups as to development of affective symptomatology or social adjustment. Patients who rated themselves as having more symptom distress at the start of the community-maintenance phase of the study relapsed much earlier while receiving fluphenazine decanoate rather than fluphenazine hydrochloride. The results suggest that compliance is not an important determinant of relapse among newly discharged schizophrenic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Association of an axonally transported polypeptide (H) with 100-A filaments. Use of immunoaffinity electron microscope grids.

Polypeptide H (mol wt 195,000) is axonally transported in rabbit retinal ganglion cells at a velocity of 0.7--1.1 mm/d, i.e., in the most slowly moving of the five transport groups described in these neurons. To identify the organelle with which H is associated, we purified H, prepared antibodies directed against it, and adsorbed the antibodies onto Formvar-coated electron microscope grids. When the resulting "immuno-affinity grids" were incubated with extracts of spinal cord and then examined in the electron microscope, they contained as many as 100 times more 100-A filaments than did grids coated similarly with nonimmune IgG. The ability of the anti-H IgG to specifically adsorb filaments to grids was completely blocked by incubating the IgG with polypeptide H. The 100-A filaments adsorbed to anti-H immunoaffinity grids could be specifically decorated by incubating them with anti-H IgG. These observations demonstrate that H antigens (and most likely H itself) are associated with 100-A neurofilaments. In addition, they suggest that the use of immunoaffinity grids may be a useful approach for determining the organelle associations of polypeptides.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Modification of ethanol intoxication by dopamine agonists and antagonists.

The effects of ethanol on locomotor activity and rotarod performance were measured in the rat. Apomorphine (4 mg/kg s.c.) antagonized and pimozide (0.75 - 1.50 mg/kg s.c.) enhanced the effects of a 2 g/kg dose of ethanol on rotarod performance. No such interaction was seen with pentobarbital, 25 mg/kg, a dose sufficiency to produce an equivalent motor performance deficit. Animals with 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra were more sensitive to the ethanol-induced impairment of rotarod performance and suppression of locomotor activity than shamoperated controls. The pattern of dopamine depletion in lesioned animals indicated a degree of selectivity of the lesion for the nigrostriatal pathway. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that ethanol interferes with dopaminergic transmission, and that such an interference may be involved in the behavioral effects of ethanol.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1979

Clinical trials in psychopharmacology: scientific and ethical issues.

1. The ethical and scientific use of medicines for the treatment of illness rests upon proof that the medicines to be used are effective and safe for the condition to be treated. The use of the clinical trial is the method by which such evidence is produced. 2. Recent activities by some to decry clinical trials as unethical and restrict their conduct results in the totally unacceptable situation of withholding potentially valuable treatments from patients or subjecting patients to the unnecessary risks of treatments not proven safe and efficacious. These actions can lead to a new dark age of "chemotherapeutic blood letting and purgatives" under the guise of higher ethical purposes.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1979

The role of depot neuroleptics in the treatment of schizophrenic patients.

Because of the potential importance of prolonged action neuroleptics for the delivery of care to schizophrenic patients, and because of the availability of new, extensive data from clinical trials on the utility of these drugs, a workshop conference was convened by the United States National Institute of Mental Health in collaboration with the Institute of Clinical Psychiatry of the University of Pisa to assess the role of depot neuroleptics in the treatment of schizophrenic patients. This paper summarizes its conclusions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Axonal transport of actin in rabbit retinal ganglion cells.

We labeled proteins in the cell bodies of rabbit retinal ganglion cells with [35S]methionine and subsequently observed the appearance of radioactive actin in tissues containing the axons and synaptic terminals of these neurons, i.e., the optic nerve (ON), optic tract (OT), lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and the superior colliculus (SC). The temporal sequence of appearance of labeled actin (which was identified by its specific binding to DNase I, its electrophoretic mobility, and its peptide map) in these tissues indicated that actin is an axonally transported protein with a maximum transport velocity of 3.4--4.3 mm/d. The kinetics of labeling actin were similar to the kinetics of labeling two proteins (M1 and M2) which resemble myosin; these myosin-like proteins were previously found to be included in the groups of proteins (groups III and IV) transported with the third and fourth most rapid maximum velocities. The similarity in transport between actin and myosin-like proteins supports the idea that a number of proteins in the third and fourth transport groups may be functionally related by virtue of their involvement in a force-generating mechanism and suggests the possibility that these proteins may be axonally transported as a preformed force-generating unit.

Actins↗
PubMed1979

[Role of long-acting neuroleptics in the treatment of schizophrenia].

This paper summarizes the presentations made during the Lucca symposium (1-3 October, 1977) on long-acting neuroleptics. The authors tried to present advantages and inconveniences of this therapeutic compared to the "classical" neuroleptic therapeutics: - in patients with an acute symptomatology; - in stabilized patients. The main advantage is that one can be ensured that the drug has been or not been taken.

Acute Disease↗