Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Leslie

Publications and source records attributed to J Leslie.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Prospective study of diarrheal illnesses in northeastern Brazil: patterns of disease, nutritional impact, etiologies, and risk factors.

Diarrhea is a leading cause of death in tropical countries. One of the highest childhood mortalities is in northeastern Brazil, where little is known about the morbidity, etiology, and risk factors of diarrhea. Prospective village surveillance over 30 months revealed diarrhea attack rates of more than seven episodes per child-year at six to 11 months of age among the children of the poorest families. Other risk factors included early weaning and the lack of toilets. Diarrhea led to weight loss and stunted growth. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and rotaviruses were the most common pathogens, accounting for 21% and 19% of cases, respectively, followed by Shigella species (8.0%), Campylobacter jejuni (7.5%), Giardia species (6.7%), Strongyloides species (5.3%), and enteropathogenic E coli serotypes (4.6%). Most (84%) enterotoxigenic E coli were isolated during the rainy season of October to March (P less than 0.03), whereas 71% of rotaviral illnesses occurred during the drier months of June to October (P less than 0.03). In the present study, the early occurrence and nutritional impact of diarrhea and weaning, as well as the major etiologic agents of diarrhea and their different seasonal patterns have been defined for this region in which life-threatening diarrhea is endemic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Parental education and child health: intracountry evidence.

This paper examines a wide range of evidence on the relationship between parental education and child health. Ideally, measures of child nutritional status, morbidity and mortality would have been included, but very few studies on morbidity were found which included education. The data reviewed here indicate that maternal education is closely related to child health measured either by nutritional status or by infant and child mortality. The effect of father's education on infant and child mortality appears to be about one half that of mother's education. The exact mechanisms through which education acts to affect child health are unclear. Better nutrition among the children of the more educated has been well-documented here, but it is unclear to what extent these effects result from improved knowledge and to what extent from higher income. The analysis does suggest that income differences cannot explain all the effect or perhaps even as much as half.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Interferences in a high pressure liquid chromatographic assay of theophylline.

Interference by salicylic acid was noted in a high pressure liquid chromatographic assay of theophylline in serum. The acid eluted very close to theophylline in a mobile phase consisting of 0.01 M acetate buffer, pH 4.0, containing 28% methanol on a C-18 reverse-phase column. The two peaks could be resolved by switching to a mobile phase containing 18% methanol, 1.6% acetonitrile, and 1.6% acetic acid in water. However, in this mobile phase traces of the extracting solvent, ethyl acetate, caused a sharpening of the theophylline peak leading to spuriously high results. The problem was overcome by using chloroform to extract the theophylline from serum.

Acetates↗
PubMed1981

A new orthogonal lead for P synchronous pacing.

P synchronous pacing has long been identified as advantageous for patients with atrioventricular conduction defects and intact sinus node function. Prior endocavitary systems have been infrequently employed, because of unreliable P wave sensing from standard ring electrodes in the atrium or the requirement for a second atrial sensing lead. A single endocardial lead employing a unipolar ventricular stimulating electrode and an orthogonal P wave sensing design was developed and tested in 22 patients undergoing electrophysiologic study or pacemaker implantation. Thirteen centimeters from the stimulating tip of a standard permanent pacing lead, three or four electrodes with a surface area of one millimeter squared, equidistant from the tip, were placed circumferentially about the catheter. With the catheter tip normally placed in the right ventricular apex, atrial sensing electrodes were positioned in the mid-high lateral right atrium, adjacent to, but not affixed to, the right atrial wall. Bipolar orthogonal leads X and Y were obtained. In 22 patients, during sinus rhythm, atrial electrogram voltages in the X axis of 2.47 plus or minus 1.6 millivolts and 2.32 plus or minus 1.6 millivolts in the Y axis were recorded. QRS voltages of 0.078 millivolts and 0.073 millivolts, respectively, allowed dramatic ability to discriminate P from QRS complexes (P/QRS equals 32/1). There was no change in QRS or unipolar ventricular pacing. A single catheter designed for P synchronous pacing employing circumferentially placed atrial sensing electrodes has demonstrated unique atrial sensing voltages with excellent QRS signal rejection.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1981

Health care for women in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Among the most widely strategies in birth planning has been the designation of a "target population" of women of reproductive age. Maternal and child health programs are designed as if this were a uniform category of women, or a functional category for women themselves. In this paper, Mayra Buvinić, Ph. D. (International Center for Research on Women, Washington, D.C.) and Joanne Leslie, M.S. (School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University) disaggregate women into more meaningful subcategories that look beyond their reproductive role. What is important about this disaggregation is that it identifies the significant number of women whose health and family planning needs cannot be met by conventionally designed MCH or family planning services. Is it sufficient or wise, the authors ask, to design services in effect for only one group of women--the current childbearers--if these may represent a minority of women in a given period of time? When subpopulations for health and family planning services are defined along social, economic, and cultural lines, in addition to reproductive status, striking challenges to the prevailing design of services for women emerge.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Inflammatory fibrous histiocytoma in the left upper abdomen with a leukemoid blood picture.

A case of inflammatory fibrous histiocytoma arising in the left hypochondrium, which presented with a leukemoid reaction and was initially diagnosed as chronic neutrophilic leukemia, is described. The difficulty of interpreting the hematological findings, especially as the spleen appeared to be enlarged, is discussed. The tendency of this highly malignant group of tumors to cause a systemic granulocytosis is commented upon and attention is drawn to the lack of satisfactory treatment.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Alkaline hydrolysis of 1,3-dimethylphenobarbital.

The reaction of 1,3-dimethylphenobarbital (I) with 0.02-0.32 M KOH in aqueous methanol was studied. The barbiturate ring cleaved reversibly at the 1,6-position, forming a malonuric acid which was stable to further hydrolysis but which could readily recyclize to I. N,N-Dimethylethylphenylmalondiamide arose from decarboxylation of the carbamic acid formed by a 1,2-ring opening; this irreversible decarboxylation determined the diamide as the only final reaction product. The malonuric acid, which could be isolated in solid form, appeared as N-methyl-2-phenylbutyramide (GLC) following thermal decarboxylation and degradation of the acid. The I disappearance rate was biphasic, and the kinetics were consistent with the described reaction. The individual rate constants and the equilibrium constant for the reaction between I, the malonuric acid, and hydroxide were determined.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1979

Effect of an episode of severe malnutrition and age on lactose absorption by recovered infants and children.

The degree of which the ability to absorb lactose can be regained after recovery from an acute episode of severe malnutrition is in doubt. Lactase activity was indirectly assessed by means of a standard lactose tolerance test (2 g lactose per kilogram of body weight) in 71 Peruvian Mestizo infants and children (age 5 to 55 months) who had suffered such an episode. All were studied just before discharge after several months of hospital rehabilitation, during which linear growth and weight gain had accelerated and signs of significant malabsorption of other nutrients had disappeared. Only 39% of the total group had a positive test (delta blood glucose greater than 25 mg/dl); there was a decreasing proportion of positive responders with increasing age. No difference in response attributable to type or severity of malnutrition was found. Comparison of the present data with previous data from children in the same community who had never been acutely malnourished suggests that acute malnutrition may hasten the permanent decline of lactase activity normally expected later in life.

Acute Disease↗