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Biomedical subjects

J Leroy

Publications and source records attributed to J Leroy.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Study of imipenem-cilastatin at intensive care units].

In a multicentre open therapeutic trial, 85 patients (57 men, 28 women; mean age: 58 +/- 18 years) were treated for documented bacterial infection with imipenem-cilastatin administered alone (65 patients) or combined with another antibiotic (20 patients). One or several underlying diseases were present in 95 per cent of the cases; 83.5 per cent of the patients were under artificial ventilation. The infections treated were septicaemia (35 case), lower respiratory tract infection (37 cases), acute peritoneal infection (6 cases) and miscellaneous infections (5 cases). The majority of responsible organisms (69.4 per cent) were Gram-negative bacilli. Several organisms were responsible for 44.6 per cent of the infections. Clinical cure was obtained in 82.4 per cent of the patients, and 79 per cent of the strains were eradicated. Resistance to imipenem during treatment was observed in 9 cases and concerned 24 per cent of the Pseudomonas spp. strains initially isolated. The drug was well tolerated both clinically and at laboratory examinations.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Identification and characterization of normal length nonfluorescent Y chromosomes: cytogenetic analysis, southern hybridization and non-isotopic in situ hybridization.

In two female patients with a 45,X/46,X, +mar karyotype the marker chromosomes were identified as normal length nonfluorescent Y chromosomes (nlYnf) using non-isotopic in situ hybridization (NISH) complementary to routine cytogenetic analysis and Southern hybridization. The recognition of the nlYnf as isodicentric in both patients illustrates and confirms the usefulness and importance of NISH in the identification and characterization of this and many other types of complex chromosome rearrangements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

CT diagnosis of neonatal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

A retrospective study of the CT data of the brain was carried out in 48 newborns with neonatal subarachnoid hemorrhage. In addition to the posterior interhemispheric opacities generally accepted as an index of this type of bleeding, anterior interhemispheric, paravermian, cisternal and supratentorial hyperdensities must also be taken into account. CT may be helpful in assessment of the amount of blood lost in the extraosseous epicranial tissues. This amount correlates with the severity of intracranial bleeding and may thus be an index of the degree of mechanical trauma. Major pitfalls leading to overdiagnosis are discussed.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1990

Thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with antiplatelet and anticardiolipin antibodies.

Serum platelet bindable immunoglobulin G (SPbIgG) and anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) have been assayed in SLE patients with (group A, n = 8) and without thrombocytopenia (group B, n = 8). Moreover, we studied the binding of serum IgG on platelet proteins using a Western blotting procedure. Increased levels of SPbIgG were found in all thrombocytopenic patients and in five cases of group B. A binding of serum IgG on platelet proteins (80 and 53 kDa) was seen in seven of eight thrombocytopenic patients and in only one case of group B. ACA were present in the serum of four patients in each group and a significant inhibition of ACA IgG by entire washed platelets was achieved in only two severe thrombocytopenic cases. These data suggest that participation of ACA to the platelet destruction can be evoked for a few SLE patients, whereas recognition of platelet protein determinants by lupus autoantibodies is necessary to the thrombocytopenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

i(12p) in a malignant ovarian tumor.

We have found one or more copies of i(12p) in an ovarian germ cell tumor, histologically a yolk sac tumor. This chromosome marker is characteristically associated with germ cell tumors in males. This report indicates that further investigation is necessary to establish the role of the i(12p) marker in the pathogenesis of germ cell tumors also in females.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Severe self-poisoning with oxetorone: report of one case.

The authors report a case of severe self-poisoning with oxetorone. Plasma concentration of the drug assessed by HPLC was a thousand times higher than therapeutic levels. Coma, convulsions, and cardiac conduction defects were observed, similar to those noted with tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressant poisoning. Similar cardiac disorders consisting of conduction defects had not been previously described during oxetorone intoxication.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comparative double-blind study of two dosage regimens of low-molecular weight heparin in elderly patients with a fracture of the neck of the femur.

A randomized double-blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of two different dosage regimens of a low-MW heparin, Enoxaparin (Lovenox) 20 mg twice (group A) or 40 mg once (group B), was carried out in 103 elderly patients with a fracture of the neck of the femur. Distal and proximal thrombosis occurred in 18.3% of patients in group A and in 10.4% in group B. No major hemorrhagic complication was observed, except for two hematomas in each group. This trial suggests that a total daily dose of 40 mg of Enoxaparin can be effective in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in elderly surgically treated patients and does not involve a major risk of bleeding.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Capnocytophaga septicemia during bone marrow transplantation. Apropos of 2 cases].

Two cases of septicemia due to Capnocytophaga in pediatric bone marrow recipients are reported. These gram negative rods, which are part of the normal buccal flora, cause periodontitis and localized or systemic infections, usually in immunocompromised hosts. Severe, prolonged neutropenia and mucitis due to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy are risk factors for this opportunistic infection. Recovery can be achieved with most of the drug combinations including a beta-lactam used in hematology.

Bone Marrow Diseases↗
PubMed1989

IgA isotyping of antigliadin antibodies. A possible clue for a less invasive diagnosis of coeliac disease.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum antigliadin antibodies (AGA) of IgG and IgA classes. The assay was modified to measure IgA1 and IgA2 subclasses with monoclonal anti-IgA subclass antibodies. Serum IgG- and IgA-AGA levels were elevated in patients with coeliac disease (CD) but an overlap was seen with control sera. IgA-AGA isotyping using monoclonal anti-human IgA1 and IgA2 antibodies increased the sensitivity and specificity of the assay to almost 100%. All patients with active untreated CD and none of the control groups had elevated IgA1-AGA and IgA2-AGA. In order to measure the relative distribution of IgA1-AGA versus IgA2-AGA an IgA1/IgA2 ratio was calculated. In patients with active untreated CD a ratio of 2.8 was found, declining to 2.2 during treatment. A gluten challenge increased the ratio to 3.4. These findings suggest that IgA1-AGA subclass measurements are a useful screening test before small bowel biopsies are performed. This method can also be used to assess the results of a gluten free diet.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1989

Motor abnormalities of digestive and urinary tracts in patients on ventilator for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The frequency of digestive motor abnormalities was evaluated in 30 consecutive patients ventilated for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Total and segmental colonic transit times were investigated by radiopaque marker transit time in all patients. Eleven patients also had rectoanal and esophageal manometries, combined with urodynamic study in eight cases. The results show that total radiopaque marker transit time was increased, 201 +/- 14 hr (mean +/- SE), with two main regions of decreased transit rates: the right colon (42% of global transit time) and the rectosigmoid (36%). Delayed transit of radiopaque markers in nine of 11 cases was combined with esophageal motor dysfunction and absence of rectoanal inhibitory reflex. In three of eight cases there was disinhibition of urinary bladder contraction, and micturition was impossible in two of eight cases. We conclude that patients on ventilator for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease always have a delayed colonic transit time with diffuse digestive and bladder motor dysfunction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Endocarditis from a dental focus. Importance of oral hygiene in valvar heart disease.

Fastidiously growing bacteria more and more are recognised as a source of infectious endocarditis. Over recent years, three new cases of endocarditis caused by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were diagnosed in our institution. The rise in frequency is possibly secondary to better laboratory skills. Two patients with Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans endocarditis presented the classical history of preexisting valvar disease together with poor dental hygiene. The third patient had no congenital or rheumatic preexisting lesion to the valves. The distal part of a ventriculo-atrial drainage device had caused microtrauma to the tricuspid valve. The right-sided endocarditis in this patient was complicated by pulmonary septic emboli. Dental origin of the infection was very likely in this patient too. No dental procedure had been performed in the months preceding the endocarditis of our three patients. They presented endocarditis with an oral microorganism in the absence of any dental manipulation. All three had very poor dental hygiene. Better dental care could possibly have prevented this serious complication.

Actinobacillus Infections↗