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Biomedical subjects

J Lancaster

Publications and source records attributed to J Lancaster.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1973

Effect of chronic L-DOPA administration of catecholamine metabolism in the rat.

1. L-DOPA was administered to rats by twice daily intraperitoneal injection for a period of eleven days. The daily dose was gradually increased from 250 mg/kg to 1 g/kg. The animals were killed 12 h after the last injection and tissue catechol-O-methyl transferase, DOPA-decarboxylase and monoamine oxidase activity determined.2. Catechol-O-methyl transferase activity was reduced in the liver (46%) and red blood cells (38%) but was approximately doubled in the heart.3. Liver DOPA-decarboxylase activity was reduced by approximately 25%.4. L-DOPA administration did not significantly affect the activity of any of the enzymes studied in brain tissue.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2.

In Western Europe and the United States approximately 1 in 12 women develop breast cancer. A small proportion of breast cancer cases, in particular those arising at a young age, are attributable to a highly penetrant, autosomal dominant predisposition to the disease. The breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA2, was recently localized to chromosome 13q12-q13. Here we report the identification of a gene in which we have detected six different germline mutations in breast cancer families that are likely to be due to BRCA2. Each mutation causes serious disruption to the open reading frame of the transcriptional unit. The results indicate that this is the BRCA2 gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A four-dimensional probabilistic atlas of the human brain.

The authors describe the development of a four-dimensional atlas and reference system that includes both macroscopic and microscopic information on structure and function of the human brain in persons between the ages of 18 and 90 years. Given the presumed large but previously unquantified degree of structural and functional variance among normal persons in the human population, the basis for this atlas and reference system is probabilistic. Through the efforts of the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM), 7,000 subjects will be included in the initial phase of database and atlas development. For each subject, detailed demographic, clinical, behavioral, and imaging information is being collected. In addition, 5,800 subjects will contribute DNA for the purpose of determining genotype- phenotype-behavioral correlations. The process of developing the strategies, algorithms, data collection methods, validation approaches, database structures, and distribution of results is described in this report. Examples of applications of the approach are described for the normal brain in both adults and children as well as in patients with schizophrenia. This project should provide new insights into the relationship between microscopic and macroscopic structure and function in the human brain and should have important implications in basic neuroscience, clinical diagnostics, and cerebral disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safe use of medical gases in the clinical setting: practical tips.

For a variety of reasons, nurses, midwives and health visitors may have to be involved in administration of many types of medical gases. In order to provide safe and effective care the nurse must be aware of the implications of his/her practice. This article discusses and describes the many types of medical gases available in clinical practice. The article focuses on four commonly used gases: oxygen, air, nitrous oxide and entonox. Practical tips are offered and the focus is made on the safe and effective use of the gases. Details regarding the storage and administration of medical gases are outlined. Finally, some of the potential dangers associated with the gases are discussed.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Barriers to healthy eating in the nursing profession: Part 1.

AIM: The aim of this study commissioned by the NHS Executive North West was to identify the main areas of the nurse's working environment that prevent healthy eating, to ascertain if nurses have enough nutritional knowledge to make informed choices, and to review sources, availability and quality of food provided for nursing staff. METHOD: A purposive sample size of 126 nurses from across eight healthcare sites in the North West region completed questionnaires. RESULTS: Shift patterns and failure to take breaks were identified as the two main barriers to healthy eating by respondents. However, satisfaction with food on offer and a supportive environment were also identified as important influences. CONCLUSION: Several recommendations were made as a result of the study. Ideally, nurses should take regular breaks. Food should carry nutritional labelling and nutritional information should be displayed at healthcare sites in a more imaginative and innovative way. More refrigerated vending machines with a selection of healthier options should be supplied. Packed lunches or plated salads obtainable from restaurants by evening and night-shift nurses should be offered, in addition to a better selection of sandwiches and other food choices outside the hours of 9 am to 5 pm, Monday to Friday. Nurses should be encouraged to drink the recommended amount of eight glasses of water per day (Health and Fitness Tips 2000) by providing adequate water dispensers. The possibility of having separate catering facilities for staff who wish to avoid patients and visitors during breaks should be explored.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Barriers to healthy eating in the nursing profession: Part 2.

AIM: This is the second of two articles that report on work commissioned by the NHS Executive North West, to explore the perceived barriers to healthy eating within the nursing profession. METHOD: Observations were made of catering facilities within eight healthcare sites (six acute hospitals, an NHS walk-in centre and an NHS Direct site) across the North West region. Twenty four unstructured interviews were conducted with nurses and three were sampled from each healthcare site. RESULTS: Four main themes emerged as barriers to healthy eating: availability; variety; distance from catering facilities; and breaks/staffing levels/workload issues CONCLUSION: Respondents in this study do not consider their working environments to be conducive to healthy eating practices.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of volume and duration of prenatal ethanol exposure on neonatal physical and behavioral development.

Recent research on the effects of alcohol use during pregnancy indicate that discontinuing alcohol use mid-pregnancy can prevent or minimize many of the adverse consequences usually observed in the children of women who consume alcohol throughout pregnancy. Few studies have examined the contributions of maternal dose level independent of the duration of drinking during pregnancy. In this study the effects of prenatal dose (volume of maternal alcohol use per week during pregnancy) and duration (exposure throughout pregnancy vs. exposure in the first and second trimesters only) on newborn physical and behavioral development were examined. Dependent measures were cluster scores on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (BNBAS) at three days, infant birthweight, length, and head circumference. Subjects were infants of obstetric patients at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta who were participating in a study on the effects of alcohol use during pregnancy on infant outcome (n = 149). Subjects were primarily black and of low socioeconomic status. Infants of women who continued to drink throughout pregnancy differed from those of women who did not drink during pregnancy on orientation, (the ability to attend to environmental stimuli), p less than 0.05, autonomic regulation, p less than 0.0002, birthweight, p less than 0.04, length, p less than 0.01, and head circumference, p less than 0.01. Both prenatal alcohol dose, p less than 0.03, and the duration of alcohol exposure, p less than 0.03, independently affected autonomic regulation. A significant interaction was found for birthweight, p less than 0.02, with independent main effects for both dose and duration of exposure, p less than 0.01.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child Behavior↗