A post-appendectomy fecalith detected by ultrasound.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
J L Wilson
Publications and source records attributed to J L Wilson.
Effects of coronary occlusion on transmural distribution of blood flow in the interventricular septum and left ventricular free wall.
Collateral flow to the interventricular septum in the dog was measured after septal artery ligation (N = 8) and compared to that in the left ventricular free wall after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (N = 10) in other animals. Flow was quantitated by radiolabelled microsphere injection before, and 90 s, 2 h and 4 h after occlusion. Perfusion territory size was measured after colored dye infusion; the septal artery bed occupied 21.74 +/- 5.44% of the left ventricle and was significantly smaller than the anterior descending artery zone (40.72 +/- 7.56%). Regional blood flow prior to occlusion was equal in both beds and symmetric across the ventricular wall; endocardial/epicardial and left/right ratios in the anterior descending and septal artery beds were 0.97 +/- 0.14 and 1.14 +/- 0.17, respectively. 90 s after occlusion, left and right septal and endocardial and epicardial anterior descending flows were significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced. Right septal flows exceeded left sided flows to produce a transseptal gradient. However, right septal flow was significantly greater than epicardial anterior bed values, and free wall endocardial/epicardial was significantly lower than septal left/right ratios. By 2 h after occlusion, left and right septal flows were no longer significantly different from preocclusion values, whereas anterior descending flows remained significantly below control for the full 4-h period. Thus, significant differences between the two beds exist, with greater acute collateral flows and more rapid correction of flow deficits in the septum than in the free wall.
Animals↗
Myocardial infarction following acute occlusion and reperfusion of the septal coronary artery.
It has been demonstrated that temporary occlusion of major epicardial arteries of the dogs produces a nontransmural myocardial infarction (MI) whose size is reduced by early reperfusion. This study was undertaken to determine the location and extent of MI following acute occlusion and reperfusion of the septal artery (SA). The SA was occluded for four hours in group I (7 dogs). Occlusion time for group II (6 dogs) was 2 hours and for group III (6 dogs) was 1 hour, followed by 2 and 3 hours of reperfusion, respectively. The hearts were then removed and cut into transverse slices from base to apex. The triphenyl tetrazolium chloride technique identified the areas of infarction, which were quantitated with a microcomputer-based graphics system. To determine the extent of necrosis across the interventricular septum (IVS), the IVS was divided into 5 transverse segments of equal depth and the amount of MI was determined for each. In group I, MI involved 3.42 +/- 0.9% (mean +/- SEM) of the left ventricle (LV) and 13.49 +/- 3.4% of the IVS. In group II, 6.11 +/- 1.3% of the LV and 25.00 +/- 5.5% of the IVS were infarcted. In group III, 5.63 +/- 1.3% of the LV and 31.9 +/- 14.3% of the septum were infarcted. MI was larger on the left side of the IVS than on the right in all groups, and the extent of MI did not differ significantly between the three groups. This study showed that early reperfusion of the SA did not reduce MI as reported for other coronary beds.
Animals↗
The pectoralis major myofascial flap: clinical applications in head and neck reconstruction.
PURPOSE: The pectoralis major myofascial (PMMF) flap, a simple variant of the pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap, has been underemphasized as a reconstructive method in head and neck surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, we review our experience using 18 PMMF flaps for a variety of reconstructive purposes in 15 head and neck cancer patients treated at a tertiary care hospital. Twelve of the study patients were undergoing surgical salvage of a recurrent cancer, and 10 had received previous radiation. RESULTS: The overall rate of flap complications in our series was 22%, and the incidence of major flap complications requiring surgical revision was 11%. CONCLUSION: In our experience, the use of the PMMF flap for a variety of reconstructive tasks in the head and neck has been associated with a high overall success rate with avoidance of some of the limitations of the PMMC flap.
Adult↗
Ethnic differences in the treatment of dual mental and substance disorders. A preliminary analysis.
Differences between white and ethnic client psychosocial functioning, psychiatric and substance abuse symptomatology, and service utilization costs from a longitudinal clinical trial examining the relative cost effectiveness of three specialized interventions for dual disorders are compared within the study sample and to the existing literature. Ethnic clients comprised 30% of the treated sample, had lower psychosocial functioning scores (rated and self-reported), and received less supportive treatment services during the first 6 months of the intervention program; however, their overall outcomes were equivalent to those of white clients at 6 months. There were no functioning or symptom outcome differences across the three treatment groups, but the 12-step group had the highest intensive and supportive service costs over time, and also the greatest reductions in intensive service costs after 6 months. Clinical issues are described and the clinical implications for more effectively serving dually diagnosed ethnic clients are outlined.
Adolescent↗
Nanocomposite magneto-rheological fluids with uniformly dispersed Fe nanoparticles.
A systematic study of the magnetic and rheological properties of magneto-rheological (MR) fluids containing micron-size and nano-size iron particles is presented. The MR fluids were prepared with hydraulic oil as the carrier liquid and lecithin as an effective surfactant medium that promotes uniform particle dispersion. Magnetic measurements on micron-, hybrid-(nano + micron), and nano-MR fluids clearly indicate that the partial replacement of the micro-size particles by nanoparticles results in a better suspension and robust chain formation under applied external magnetic fields. For nano-MR fluids, the measured yield stress was found to be lower than micron-MR fluids. However, better flow properties and sharper magnetic switching make nanoparticle-based MR fluids appealing for microfluidics device applications where higher yield stress is not required.
Crystallization↗
Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from semen samples of commercial broiler breeder roosters.
Pooled semen samples from 12 groups of mature commercial broiler breeder roosters were analyzed for the presence of Campylobacter. Each of the 12 groups was comprised of eight individuals and was sampled weekly for five consecutive weeks. Once a day, roosters were allowed to have a restricted amount of feed after the semen samples were collected by abdominal massage. This feeding schedule reduced the amount of fecal contamination in and around the vent as well as in the semen sample. For replications 1, 2, and 3, the numbers of Campylobacter-positive groups were 8, 5, and 5, respectively, out of 12. For replications 4 and 5, 6 of 8 and 6 of 11 groups were positive, respectively. Only two groups were positive for Campylobacter at all sampling times, two groups were negative each time, and eight groups produced variable results. Also, fecal droppings, external swabs of the genitalia, and semen samples were taken from individual roosters between 49 to 65 wk of age. Of the total 275 semen samples collected, 9.47% contained naturally occurring Campylobacter, whereas 9.6% of 114 fecal droppings and 7.9% of the 114 genital swabs were positive. Levels of the organism present in the fecal samples ranged from 1.0 to 4.2 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g with an average of 2.9 log CFU/g feces. For semen, the levels ranged from as low as enrichment recovery only to as high as 3.1 log CFU/ml of semen with an average of 1.2 log CFU/ml. For swabs of genitalia, the levels of Campylobacter were so low that recovery was achieved only through enrichment. These data suggest that rooster semen may serve as a vehicle for transmission of Campylobacter to the reproductive tract of the hen and subsequently to the fertile egg.
Age Factors↗
Recovery of Campylobacter from segments of the reproductive tract of broiler breeder hens.
Three groups of >60-wk-old broiler breeder hens were assessed for the presence of Campylobacter within segments of the reproductive tract. In the first group, after stunned, the hens were bled, scalded, and defeathered, the reproductive tracts were aseptically excised from 18 hens, six from each of three adjacent floor pens that were feces positivefor Campylobacter. The reproductive tract segments (infundibulum, magnum-isthmus, shell gland, vagina, and cloaca) were pooled by pen. In the second group, 10 individual hens were sampled from the pens; the reproductive tract was divided into the following segments: magnum, isthmus, shell gland, vagina, and cloaca. For the third group, hens were obtained from two commercial farms that had been determined to be feces positive for Campylobacter, and the reproductive tract was divided into five segments, as described for the second group. Segments of the reproductive tract were placed into sterile plastic bags and suspended 1:3 (w/v) in Bolton enrichment broth, and serial dilutions were plated (0.1 ml) onto Campy-Cefex agar. The agar places were incubated at 42 C for 24 hr in a microaerobic atmosphere. In group 1, the pooled reproductive tract segments for hens from pen A were Campylobacter positive for the shell gland, vagina, and cloaca; hens from pen B were positive for the cloaca only; and hens from pen C were positive for the magnum-isthmus and doaca. In the second group, 9 of 10 cloaca samples were Campylobacter positive. Commercial hens in group 3 had campylobacter-positive cloaca samples (12/12), vagina (10/12), shell gland (7/12), isthmus (2/12), and magnum (4/12). Campylobacter colonization of the reproductive tract of the hen could enable vertical transmission of Campylobacter from the hen to the chick.
Animals↗
Effect of an electrostatic space charge system on airborne dust and subsequent potential transmission of microorganisms to broiler breeder pullets by airborne dust.
High levels of dust and microorganisms are known to be associated with animal confinement rearing facilities. Many of the microorganisms are carried by dust particles, thus providing an excellent vector for horizontal disease transmission between birds. Two environmentally controlled rooms containing female broiler breeder pullets (n = 300) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of an electrostatic space charge system (ESCS) in reducing airborne dust and gram-negative bacteria levels over an 8-wk period (starting when the birds were 10 wk old). The ESCS was used to evaluate the effectiveness of reducing airborne microorganism levels by charging airborne dust particles and causing the particles to be attracted to grounded surfaces (i.e., walls, floor, equipment). The use of the ESCS resulted in a 64% mean reduction in gram-negative bacteria. Airborne dust levels were reduced an average of 37% over a 1-wk period in the experimental room compared with the control room on the basis of samples taken every 10 min. The reductions of airborne dust and bacteria in this study are comparable with earlier results obtained with the ESCS in commercial hatching cabinets and experimental caged layer rooms, suggesting the system could also be applied to other types of enclosed animal housing.
Air Microbiology↗
Effect of electrostatic space charge on reduction of airborne transmission of Salmonella and other bacteria in broiler breeders in production and their progeny.
Salmonella in birds is a concern because of the human foodborne illness associated with the consumption of poultry meat and eggs. One of the methods of transmission of Salmonella within a flock can be by the air. Therefore, we used reduction of transmission of Salmonella to monitor the effectiveness of the electrostatic space charge system (ESCS). During the average broiler breeder laying cycle of 40 wk, a large amount of dust becomes airborne and accumulates on walls, ceiling, and equipment. Many microorganisms adhere to these dust particles, making dust an excellent vector for horizontal disease transmission between birds. We used two environmentally controlled rooms containing commercial broiler breeders to evaluate the effectiveness of an ESCS that produced a strong negative electrostatic charge to reduce airborne dust and, subsequently, microorganism levels. The ESCS caused the dust to become negatively charged, therefore moving to the grounded floor in the treatment room. The use of the ESCS resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.0001, 61% reduction) in airborne dust concentration levels, which resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.0001, 76% reduction) in total airborne bacteria and gram-negative bacteria (48% reduction) in the treatment room. Significant reductions (P < 0.05) of gram-negative bacteria (63% reduction) on the egg collection belts were also recorded in the treatment room, which resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.0001) of gram-negative bacteria (28% reduction) on the eggshell surface. The ESCS treatment resulted in fewer Salmonella enteritidis-positive hens and their progeny from the treatment room due to reductions of dust and airborne bacteria. In addition, this significant reduction in bacteria on the eggshell surface should result in less bacteria in the day-old chicks, therefore better early chick livability. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in egg production, male or female body weights, mortality, or reproductive performance in the ESCS room compared with the control room.
Air Microbiology↗
Effect of hydrogen peroxide disinfection during incubation of chicken eggs on microbial levels and productivity.
Hatchery sanitation has a significant impact on chick quality. The proper use of disinfectants is essential. Aerosol bacterial counts, egg moisture loss, hatchability, chick quality, and broiler productivity were measured in eggs exposed to hydrogen peroxide fogging and compared with eggs not exposed to disinfectant during the incubation period. Hydrogen peroxide was also evaluated in the presence of a severe challenge with Staphylococcus aureus-contaminated eggs. A significant reduction was found in aerosol bacterial counts within the hatcher when incubators were fogged with 3% hydrogen peroxide when compared with water-fogged machines even in the face of high bacterial challenge. Eggs exposed to hydrogen peroxide lost a significantly greater amount of moisture during incubation, but hatchability was not affected. The use of hydrogen peroxide as a hatchery sanitizer did not affect broiler livability, body weight, or feed conversion but did reduce the incidence of retained yolk sacs in 42-day-old chickens.
Aerosols↗
Decubitus ulcers.
Decubitus ulcers are frequently encountered in the elderly and in bedridden or wheelchair-bound patients. Successful treatment is often difficult and expensive. Pressure, time, and friction are the major factors involved in the development of skin ulcers with such risk factors as age, female sex, and nutritional status predisposing to their development. Complications can be life threatening. A number of treatment modalities have been used over the years, but the mainstays of treatment include attention to preventive measures, relief of pressure over bony prominences, and debridement, following the basics of wound care.
Humans↗
[Personal results of surgical treatment of mitral stenosis].
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Adolescent↗
Congenital heart disease in the Middle East. A survey of 10-year experience at the hospital of the American University of Beirut, 1954-1963.
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Adolescent↗
Guest editorial: Respiratory distress syndrome.
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Humans↗
Effect of formaldehyde exposure in the hatcher and of ventilation in confinement facilities on broiler performance.
Broiler embryos and chicks were exposed to formaldehyde vapors (up to 130 ppm) during the final 3 days of incubation. Bacterial load was significantly lower in a formaldehyde-fumigated hatcher than in an unfumigated hatcher. Hatchability was not affected. To determine if exposure to formaldehyde vapors in the hatcher would affect broilers' ability to tolerate variations in air quality, chicks were placed in either adequately or poorly ventilated confinement facilities for 45 days. Total and respirable dust particles (< or = 5 microns in diameter) increased to a greater extent between 5 and 6 weeks of broiler age in the poorly ventilated facility than in the facility with adequate ventilation. Mortality at 6 weeks of age was significantly higher in broilers exposed to formaldehyde in the hatcher and housed with poor ventilation than in broilers exposed to formaldehyde and raised with adequate ventilation. Six-week body weight, feed conversion, and septicemia/toxemia condemnations were adversely affected by poor ventilation. This study found that the quality of air in the confinement facility had a greater influence on broiler productivity than did exposure to formaldehyde vapors in the hatcher.
Aerosols↗
Formaldehyde vaporization in the hatcher and the effect on tracheal epithelium of the chick.
Chicken embryos were exposed to formaldehyde vapors in the hatcher during the final 3 days of incubation. Measured formaldehyde levels approached 130 ppm. Tracheas collected at hatch and 5 days post-hatch were evaluated for functional and morphologic changes. Tracheal cilia motility was reduced in formaldehyde-exposed chicks. Scanning electron microscopy revealed blunted cilia and blebs occurring in the cilia surfaces. At 5 days of age, excessive tracheal mucus was present. Sloughing of the tracheal epithelium was visible by light microscopy.
Analysis of Variance↗