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J L Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to J L Wilson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The utility of dual diagnosis services for consumers from nonwhite ethnic groups.

Differences in psychosocial functioning, symptoms, service use, and costs for 40 nonwhite consumers of mental health services and 92 white consumers were compared at baseline and six months in a controlled clinical trial of three dual diagnosis interventions. At six months nonwhite consumers had lower psychosocial functioning than white consumers as measured by self-report and clinicians' ratings. Nonwhite consumers received significantly less supportive treatment than white consumers. Qualitative data from staff interviews indicated that nonwhite consumers had inadequate community and family supports due to a variety of problems. Although the nonwhite consumers had outcomes similar to those of white consumers, the complex needs of the nonwhite consumers warrant additional staff resources and culturally sensitive services in dual diagnosis treatment programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Age effect of male and female broiler breeders on sperm penetration of the perivitelline layer overlying the germinal disc.

An experiment was conducted to test the effect of age (male and female) on the number of spermatozoa penetrating the perivitelline layer (PL) overlying the germinal disc (GD) in broiler breeders. Eighty young broiler breeder hens (39 wk old, Y), and 80 old spent broiler breeder hens (69 wk old, O) were randomly divided into eight groups of 20 hens each by age. Hens were inseminated weekly for 4 consecutive wk with 5 x 10(7) pooled sperm/50 microL from either young or old broiler breeder males. Sperm penetration (SP) of the PL at the GD was assessed in a random sample of 12 oviposited eggs from each hen group for each day postinsemination, with the remainder of the eggs incubated for 10 d to obtain fertility values. For the main effect of sex, and for age within sex, there were differences in mean SP (7.3 vs 4.8; Y vs O hens; P < 0.02) and fertility (73.7 vs 54.9%; Y vs O hens; P < 0.002) values. Old males had higher mean SP values and fertility (7.2 and 70.6%) than young males (4.8 and 58.0%; P < 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). Following artificial insemination of a constant number of sperm, age of hens appears to contribute more to the decrease in SP and fertility than the age of male broiler breeders. Eggs were obtained from naturally mated broiler breeder flocks from different strains (A and B), lines (male and female), and ages. There was an effect on overall mean SP values due to strain (105.8 vs 78.6 holes per GD area; Strains A and B, respectively; P < 0.0001), and line within Strain B (106.4 vs 50.8 holes per GD; male and female line, respectively; P < 0.0001). There was a quadratic relationship between SP of the PL and age in Strain A with values ranging from 153.3 to 20.0 holes per GD area (P < 0.003). In Strain B, SP holes in the PL decreased in the male line due to age (127.8 to 59.7 per GD; P < 0.01), with an effect of age on the female line also (62.1 vs. 37.8 holes per GD; P < 0.05).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Influence of male broiler breeder dietary energy intake on reproduction and progeny growth.

A study was conducted to test the effects of dietary energy intake on reproduction in genetically similar broiler breeder males and on the subsequent growth of their progeny. Fifty-nine 1-d-old pedigree broiler breeder male chicks were raised to breeding age. At 33 wk of age, 33 males were chosen and placed in one of three groups of 11 males per group and fed either 370, 330, or 290 kcal per bird per d. Each group contained both full and half brothers and had similar 6- and 33-wk mean body weights. There was a significant negative effect of decreased dietary energy intake on sperm concentration and total live sperm per milliliter of ejaculate, whereas there was no significant effect on ejaculate volume or percentage dead sperm per ejaculate. Four groups of hens (21 wk of age) with 18 hens per group, were randomly assigned to each male dietary treatment group. Hens were artificially inseminated with 50 microL neat pooled semen from one of the three male treatment groups. There was a significant linear effect of diet on fertility, with no significant effect on hatch of fertile, hatch of eggs set, or embryonic mortality. There was no effect of sire energy intake on offspring body weights at 0, 3, or 6 wk of age. Hens were similarly artificially inseminated and sperm penetration determined for 9 consecutive d postinsemination. There was a significant quadratic relationship between sperm penetration of the perivitelline layer overlying the germinal disc and day postinsemination for each of the three male treatment groups. In addition, mean sperm penetration was 62.3, 42.9, and 6.6 holes in the germinal disc perivitelline layer for the high, medium, and low energy groups, respectively. Following 16 wk of dietary energy treatment, there was a significant linear effect of diet on mean testes weight, mean testes weight as a percentage of male body weight, and male body weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Reconstructions and cross-sectional area measurements from magnetic resonance microscopic images of the cochlea.

In this study, magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy was used to obtain serial sections through the cochleae of mustached bats. As previously reported, 25 microns isotropic voxels can be obtained. Specific areas in each slice were segmented and then three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions of the perilymphatic and endolymphatic spaces and spiral ligament were obtained. Quantitative measurements of the cross-sectional areas were made with customized macros written for the public-domain software, NIH Image. Results of this study revealed enlargements of the scalae and spiral ligament in areas known to be involved with processing of the animal's biosonar and fine-frequency analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Three-dimensional CT angiography in the detection and characterization of intracranial berry aneurysms.

PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of three-dimensional CT angiography (CTA) in the detection and characterization of intracranial aneurysms and to help determine its role as a screening test for aneurysms in the asymptomatic population and as an adjunct to angiography in subarachnoid hemorrhages and in the follow-up of untreated aneurysms. METHODS: In a blinded, prospective study, the 3-D CTA studies in 80 patients with symptomatic aneurysms were analyzed for the presence and morphology of aneurysms. Angiography or surgery acted as the control. RESULTS: Ninety-four aneurysms were found in 63 patients. Negative findings at angiography were noted in 17. Sensitivity and specificity of 3-D CTA for all aneurysms, all patients, and aneurysms 5 mm or smaller were 90.4% and 50%, 98.4% and 82.4%, and 78.8% and 51.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional CTA may have a role in noninvasive screening for asymptomatic aneurysms in the general population, but caution is advocated when data obtained from symptomatic patients are extrapolated to the asymptomatic population who harbor smaller aneurysms. Also, 3-D CTA may be useful as an adjunct to angiography in the characterization of berry aneurysms and in the follow-up of untreated aneurysms.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Renal allograft rejection. Tubular epithelial cells present alloantigen in the presence of costimulatory CD28 antibody.

Renal tubular epithelial cells can be induced to express potentially immunogenic levels of class II MHC antigens but fail to stimulate the activation of allospecific T lymphocytes. The current series of experiments was performed to determine whether the failure of lymphocyte activation in this system is caused by defective T cell costimulation. It was found that cultured renal epithelial cells expressed class II MHC antigens and the immunoregulatory adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 after stimulation with IFN-gamma, but that the B7 ligand for CD28 was not expressed. Mixed cell culture experiments were set up in which lymphocytes were mixed with IFN-gamma-treated allogeneic renal cells. Lymphoproliferation and IL-2 production were only observed if bivalent anti-CD28 antibodies were titrated into these cultures. The requirement for antigen stimulation was retained by these lymphocytes, as no proliferation was observed after stimulation by class II MHC antigen nonexpressing, resting renal cells. Further experiments demonstrated that the effectiveness of the anti-CD28 antibody-mediated signal was enhanced by cross-linking with a secondary anti-kappa-chain antibody. These data are consistent with the concept that a costimulatory signal generated by ligation of CD28 is of central importance to the development of an immune response to alloantigen. Furthermore, these results indicate that tubular epithelial cells within a rejecting renal allograft are unlikely to initiate direct activation of infiltrating allospecific lymphocytes.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1995

The effects of nutrient dilution on the well-being and performance of female broiler breeders.

A study was conducted to determine the effect of nutrient dilution on plasma heterophil:lymphocyte ratios, behavior, and productivity of broiler breeder hens. Standard age-appropriate broiler breeder diets were fed either undiluted or diluted with 15 and 30% ground oat hulls from 0 to 56 wk of age. Feed was allocated daily so as to achieve the BW recommended by the breeder. Pullets were photostimulated at 20 wk, at which time 80 per treatment were moved, 2 per cage, to 120 laying cages, where they were housed until 56 wk of age. The same dilution treatment was continued for the laying period. The time required to consume the diluted feed was higher when diets were diluted during both the rearing (P = .002) and the laying periods (P = .0001). Heterophil:lymphocyte ratios at 12 wk of age indicated that hens subjected to higher levels of quantitative feed restriction experienced more long-term stress (P < .05). This difference was not evident at 20 wk or at 50 wk. During the laying period, hens that were fed diluted diets spent less time at the water source than those fed standard diets (P = .0001). The rate of decrease in flock uniformity during lay was slower in hens fed the diluted diets (P < .05). Hens fed the diet diluted by 15% had the highest egg production (P = .012), chick production (P < .0001), the best CP conversion efficiency (P < .05), and better feed conversion efficiency (P < .05). Diet dilution with ground oat hulls seems to be a means of reducing stress and improving efficiency and productivity in broiler breeder flocks.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Fertility of male and female broiler breeders following exposure to elevated ambient temperatures.

Because elevated ambient temperatures decrease fertility, this study was designed to segregate the male and female contribution to heat stress infertility in broiler breeders. Eighty hens and 16 roosters at 21 wk of age were divided equally among two heat stress (S) and two control (C) temperature chambers. For a 10-wk pretreatment period, all birds were maintained at an ambient temperature of 21.1 C and 40% relative humidity. Following the pretreatment period, birds in the S chambers were acclimated for 1 wk at a constant temperature of 29.4 C after which the temperature in the S chambers was increased to 32.2 C for 8 wk. The temperature in the two C chambers was maintained at 21.1 C. Hens in each chamber were artificially inseminated on a weekly basis with 5 x 10(7) sperm per 50 microL from either C or S males. Egg production, semen volume, spermatocrit, and percentage dead sperm were similar during the acclimation period, even though body temperature was significantly elevated in S birds (41.8 vs 41.3 C). Sperm penetration of the perivitelline layer overlying the germinal disc (GD) was decreased in eggs from hens inseminated with semen from S males compared to eggs from hens inseminated with semen from C males (9.5 vs 23.4 sperm per GD). Following the acclimation period, body temperature remained elevated in the S birds compared to the C birds (42.2 vs 41.3 C). Also, egg production was depressed in the S vs C hens (55.8 vs 82.9%). Semen volume, spermatocrit, and percentage dead sperm were not affected by S treatment. However, when hens were inseminated with semen from S males, sperm penetration of the perivitelline layer overlying the GD and egg fertility were decreased compared to hens inseminated with semen from C males (5.4 vs 14.9 sperm per GD, 45.5 vs 73.8% fertility). In conclusion, the male bird appears to contribute more to heat stress infertility than the female.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1995

Effects of immature recruitable collaterals on myocardial blood flow and infarct size after acute coronary occlusion.

This study assessed the ability of immature recruitable coronary collateral vessels to alter regional myocardial blood flow and to protect jeopardized myocardium from infarction after acute coronary occlusion. An inflatable balloon occluder was placed around the left circumflex coronary artery of 7 dogs (group A), while nine dogs (group B) underwent placement of an Ameroid constrictor around the circumflex artery proximal to a balloon occluder. Group A dogs were studied 2 to 3 days after surgery; those in group B were studied 12 days after surgery, when partial collateralization had occurred. The circumflex artery was acutely occluded in both groups for 4 hours. Myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres before, immediately after, and 4 hours after coronary occlusion. Infarct size, expressed as percent of left ventricular area at risk, was determined by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining after infusion of colored dyes to delineate perfusion beds. Flows in the ischemic circumflex bed 90 seconds after coronary occlusion decreased in both groups for both endocardial (0.04 +/- 0.02 ml/min/gm vs 0.09 +/- 0.04 ml/min/gm) and epicardial (0.19 +/- 0.07 ml/min/gm vs 0.26 +/- 0.08 ml/min/gm) layers. Four hours after coronary occlusion, endocardial flow did not rise significantly in group A (0.11 +/- 0.05 ml/min/gm), but increased significantly in group B to 0.52 +/- 0.13 ml/min/gm (p < 0.05). Epicardial flow at 4 hours was also significantly greater in group B (1.03 +/- 0.15 ml/min/gm) than in group A (0.55 +/- 0.13 ml/min/gm, p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Alloantigen presentation by B cells: analysis of the requirement for B-cell activation.

This paper describes a model for investigation of the functional implications of B-cell activation for antigen presentation. Mixed lymphocyte cultures were used to assess the ability of freshly isolated B cells, mitogen-activated B cells and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B-cell lines to stimulate the activation and proliferation of allogeneic T cells under a variety of experimental conditions. It was found that resting B cells presented antigen poorly, while activated cells were highly immunogenic. Paraformaldehyde fixation completely eliminated antigen presentation by resting B cells, despite constitutive expression of class II MHC antigens. However, fixation had little effect on antigen presentation by activated B cells that expressed B7-1 and B7-2 in addition to class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Arrest of B-cell activation by serial fixation after treatment with F(ab')2 fragments of goat anti-human IgM produced cells with variable antigen-presenting capacity. Optimal antigen presentation was observed for cells fixed 72 hr after the initiation of B-cell activation. Although both B7-1 and B7-2 antigen expression increased after B-cell activation, it was found that the rate of T-cell proliferation correlated most closely with B7-2 expression. Stimulation of T cells by fixed activated B lymphocytes could be blocked by antibodies directed at class II MHC molecules, indicating involvement of the T-cell antigen receptor. In addition, T-cell proliferation was inhibited by antibodies specific for B7-1 and B7-2 and by the fusion protein CTLA4-Ig, demonstrating a requirement for CD28 signal transduction. The sole requirement of B7 family expression for antigen presentation by B lymphocytes was shown by demonstration of T-cell stimulation by fixed resting B cells in the presence of CD28 antibody as a source of artificial costimulation.

Antigen Presentation↗
PubMed1995

Age-based limitation for ICU care: is it ethical?

Only under utilitarian analysis can age-based limitation to ICU care be justified. In all other frameworks, age is only one consideration in the decision to admit or not admit. Because Americans are reluctant to give larger shares of money to healthcare when it means excluding other social needs, the utilitarian argument will continue to be debated.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Imaging the cochlea by magnetic resonance microscopy.

The isolated, fixed cochlea of the mustached bat was studied with three dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy. The cochlea of this animal is about 4 mm in diameter and its entire volume was imaged. With the field of view and matrix size used, the volume elements (voxels) making up the volume data set were isotropic 25 x 25 x 25 micron cubes. Three dimensional (3D) MR microscopy based on isotropic voxels has many advantages over commonly used light microscopy: 1) it is non destructive; 2) it is much less time consuming; 3) no dehydration is required and shrinkage is minimized; 4) the data set can be used to create sections in any desired plane; 5) the proper alignment of sections is inherent in the 3D acquisition so that no reference points are required; 6) the entire data set can be viewed from any point of view in a volume rendered image; 7) the data is digital and features can be enhanced by computer image processing; and 8) the isotropic dimensions of the voxels make the data well-suited for structural reconstructions and measurements. Good images of the osseous spiral lamina, spiral ligament, scala tympani, scala vestibuli, and nerve bundles were obtained. The vestibular (Reissner's) membrane was easily identified in the mustached bat and it appears to bulge into the scala vestibuli. The visibility of this structure suggests that MR microscopy would be well-suited for studies of endolymphatic hydrops.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Alterations in tau immunostaining in the rat hippocampus following transient cerebral ischemia.

Previous studies in gerbils have shown that cytoskeletal disruption and a loss of the dendritic microtubule-associated protein, MAP2, may occur after short periods of transient global ischemia. tau, a predominantly axonal microtubule-associated protein, has not been examined following ischemia. We compared neuronal damage with alterations in MAP2, tau, and 72-kD heat shock protein (HSP72) immunostaining at various reperfusion times following 20 min of ischemia in the rat four-vessel occlusion model. tau accumulated in neuronal cell bodies throughout the hippocampal formation 30 min to 2 h after the ischemic insult. Perikaryal tau immunostaining was transient in most regions, but persisted in polymorphic hilar neurons. This was accompanied by a loss of immunostaining in the target of many hilar neurons, the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. The same neuronal populations that exhibited increased tau immunostaining of perikarya later displayed an induction of HSP72 immunoreactivity. In contrast, loss of MAP2 immunostaining was not consistently observed before neuronal death and did not correspond to HSP72 induction. The altered tau immunostaining is not the direct result of excitotoxic insult, as intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid did not cause the somal accumulation of tau, but did cause disruption of MAP2 immunostaining. Taken together, the results suggest that the somal accumulation of tau is an early, sensitive, and selective marker of ischemic insult.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Influence of the Gas-Water Interface on Transport of Microorganisms through Unsaturated Porous Media.

In this article, a new mechanism influencing the transport of microorganisms through unsaturated porous media is examined, and a new method for directly visualizing bacterial behavior within a porous medium under controlled chemical and flow conditions is introduced. Resting cells of hydrophilic and relatively hydrophobic bacterial strains isolated from groundwater were used as model microorganisms. The degree of hydrophobicity was determined by contact-angle measurements. Glass micromodels allowed the direct observation of bacterial behavior on a pore scale, and three types of sand columns with different gas saturations provided quantitative measurements of the observed phenomena on a porous medium scale. The reproducibility of each break-through curve was established in three to five repeated experiments. The data collected from the column experiments can be explained by phenomena directly observed in the micromodel experiments. The retention rate of bacteria is proportional to the gas saturation in porous media because of the preferential sorption of bacteria onto the gas-water interface over the solid-water interface. The degree of sorption is controlled mainly by cell surface hydrophobicity under the simulated groundwater conditions because of hydrophobic forces between the organisms and the interfaces. The sorption onto the gas-water interface is essentially irreversible because of capillary forces. This preferential and irreversible sorption at the gas-water interface strongly influences the movement and spatial distribution of microorganisms.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

The influence of extended posthatch holding time and placement density on broiler performance.

Extended posthatch holding (in the hatcher) has been reported to dehydrate chicks, reduce broiler performance, and depress immune response. Nevertheless, some commercial hatcheries are increasing incubation time in an attempt to minimize possible bacterial contamination of incompletely healed navels. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of posthatch holding on broiler performance and the effects of bird density and additive stress on performance and immune response. Twelve hundred broiler eggs (58 to 70 g) were incubated. Chicks were removed from the hatcher after 528 h of incubation, banded, and weighed. Half of the chicks were returned to the hatcher for an additional 24 h (HELD). Both hatcher treatments were placed at two densities (.07 and .12 m2 per bird). Individual BW were taken at 21 and 43 d of placement and 43 d of age. The HELD chicks weighed significantly less than controls at time of placement. At 21 d postplacement the HELD broilers were significantly heavier than controls, but were similar by 43 d. Total feed conversion was not affected in the HELD treatment, but birds in the .07 m2 per bird density were less efficient in terms of total feed conversion. Chick holding time and density seemed to affect antibody titers at 5 wk. Although holding chicks in the hatcher for 24 h did not clinically dehydrate chicks or affect performance, it decreased immune response. In addition to less efficient growth, birds in the more crowded pens had depressed immune response.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Supplemental complement component C9 enhances the capacity of neonatal serum to kill multiple isolates of pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Previous studies demonstrated that, compared with adult serum, neonatal serum contained a diminished concentration of complement component C9 and that supplemental C9 enhanced the capacity of neonatal serum to kill an isolate of Escherichia coli. Therefore, experiments were designed to determine the mechanisms by which supplemental C9 enhances the bactericidal capacity of neonatal serum and to determine whether supplemental C9 enhances the capacity of neonatal serum to kill several different pathogenic strains of E. coli. A radiobinding assay and immunogold electron microscopy using a monoclonal anti-C9 antibody revealed that, compared with 40% adult serum, neonatal serum deposited a diminished quantity of C9 onto E. coli O7w:K1:NM. Supplemental C9 (75 mg/L) significantly enhanced the quantity of C9 deposited by the neonatal serum. Treatment with 10 mM MgEGTA (a mixture of 100 mM MgCl2 and 100 mM EGTA that blocks activation of the classic complement pathway but leaves the alternative pathway intact) abolished the capacity of neonatal serum to deposit C9 and to kill the bacteria. Supplemental C9 enhanced the capacity of neonatal serum to kill eight different blood isolates of E. coli. Therefore, supplemental C9 enhanced the capacity of neonatal serum to kill E. coli by increasing the total quantity of C9 deposited via activation of the classic complement pathway. Neonatal serum contained sufficient quantities of classic pathway components, other than C9, to deposit the supplemental C9 onto E. coli and to enhance bacterial killing. The bactericidal activity of neonatal serum against multiple isolates of pathogenic E. coli was increased after C9 supplementation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The Clinical Oncology Career Development Award of the American Cancer Society. A 5-year evaluation.

BACKGROUND: In 1985, the American Cancer Society (ACS) replaced their Junior Faculty Clinical Oncology Program with the 3-year Clinical Oncology Career Development Award (COCDA). It was proposed that the longer duration and larger stipend of the COCDA would have a greater impact in encouraging promising young clinical oncologists to enter and remain in academic oncology. The COCDA was evaluated at this time to determine whether these goals had been achieved. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 104 of the total of 121 people who received awards in 1985, 1986, and 1987. RESULTS: A review of the 85 completed questionnaires showed that the COCDA had a significant impact on the recipients. Most have remained in academic settings and have flourished, as evidenced by their publication record and success in obtaining extramural funds, despite their clinical orientation. CONCLUSIONS: The COCDA has achieved its initial goals and will remain an important part of the professional education efforts of the ACS.

Authorship↗