Influence of dietary constituents on intestinal absorption of aluminum.
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Aluminum↗
Biomedical subjects
J L White
Publications and source records attributed to J L White.
Solid model representations of a multimeric protein.
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Animals↗
Interlocked intramedullary nailing of the humerus.
Indications for use of the intramedullary interlocked humeral nail are: pathologic fractures, including those with severe osteopenia alone; nonunions, especially those with bone atrophy and/or marked osteopenia; and humeral shaft fractures with comminution, bone loss, or other causes of instability not controlled by conventional treatment methods. In this series, eight patients were treated by intramedullary interlocked humeral nail. Follow up ranged up to 30 months, with an average of 12 months. Five of six patients in this series who had the potential to unite their fractures did so. The remaining patient had a painless fibrous union. While the two patients with pathologic fractures of the humeral shaft caused by malignant tumors did not unite their fractures, the pain relief, functional recovery, and lack of postoperative morbidity justified the operative procedure.
Adult↗
A European study of views on the use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
A total of 1269 psychiatrists, from 15 European countries, completed a questionnaire assessing treatment choice in depressive and anxiety disorders, with particular focus on diagnostic and other factors determining use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Tricyclic and similar antidepressants were used most commonly--MAOIs were used as first-choice therapy for depressive or anxiety disorders only by a minority but were commonly a second-choice treatment for atypical depressives. Use was inhibited by interactions and side-effects rather than by perceived ineffectiveness. Cross-national differences in treatment were considerable but diagnostic differences in case history vignettes were much smaller.
Adjustment Disorders↗
Validation of fiber-optic Doppler anemometry (FODA) for characterizing the droplet size of emulsions.
Fiber-optic Doppler anemometry (FODA) is a useful tool to characterize polydisperse systems such as emulsions. The mean droplet radius of a model emulsion determined by FODA matched the mean radius determined by sizing droplets from a freeze-fractured freeze-etched scanning electron photomicrograph. The mean droplet radius determined by the Coulter technique was four times too large because the small droplets were not detected. The utility of FODA was further illustrated by its ability to accurately size droplets and monitor the coalescence upon aging of an intravenous lipid emulsion.
Emulsions↗
Structural and functional studies on ferritins.
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
Three-dimensional structure of the bifunctional enzyme N-(5'-phosphoribosyl)anthranilate isomerase-indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli.
N-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)anthranilate isomerase-indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli is a monomeric bifunctional enzyme of Mr 49,500 that catalyzes two sequential reactions in the biosynthesis of tryptophan. The three-dimensional structure of the enzyme has been determined at 2.8-A resolution by x-ray crystallography. The two catalytic activities reside on distinct functional domains of similar folding, that of an eightfold parallel beta-barrel with alpha-helices on the outside connecting the beta-strands. Both active sites were located with an iodinated substrate analogue and found to be in depressions on the surface of the domains created by the outward-curving loops between the carboxyl termini of the beta-sheet strands and the subsequent alpha-helices. They do not face each other, making "channeling" of the substrate between active sites virtually impossible. Despite the structural similarity of the two domains, no significant sequence homology was found when topologically equivalent residues were compared.
Aldose-Ketose Isomerases↗
Three-dimensional structure of the adenovirus major coat protein hexon.
The three-dimensional crystal structure of the adenovirus major coat protein is presented. Adenovirus type 2 hexon, at 967 residues, is now the longest polypeptide whose structure has been determined crystallographically. Taken with our model for hexon packing, which positions the 240 trimeric hexons in the capsid, the structure defines 60% of the protein within the 150 X 10(6) dalton virion. The assembly provides the first details of a DNA-containing animal virus that is 20 times larger than the spherical RNA viruses previously described. Unexpectedly, the hexon subunit contains two similar beta-barrels whose topology is identical to those of the spherical RNA viruses, but whose architectural role in adenovirus is very different. The hexon structure reveals several distinctive features related to its function as a stable protective coat, and shows that the type-specific immunological determinants are restricted to the virion surface.
Adenoviridae↗
Effect of shear on the apparent viscosity of amorphous carbonate ion containing aluminum hydroxide suspensions.
The application of shear to carbonate ion containing aluminum hydroxide suspensions caused a change in the apparent viscosity by two possible mechanisms: change in the surface charge because of desorption of specifically adsorbed carbonate ion, and aggregate dispersal and formation of more extensive particle networks. The desorption of specifically adsorbed carbonate ion is related to the expansion of the air-liquid interface during shear. Shear-inducing processing equipment which generates a minimal amount of new air-liquid interface was found to produce the least change in pH and, consequently, in surface charge. However, viscosity increases caused by aggregate dispersal and formation of more extensive particle networks may occur without a shear-induced change in surface charge.
Aluminum Hydroxide↗
Role of water in the aging of aluminum hydroxide suspensions.
The rate of acid neutralization of anhydrous suspensions of amorphous aluminum hydroxide in methanol did not change during aging. At low water content, when all of the water was adsorbed, an initial decrease in the rate of acid neutralization was observed but no further change occurred during aging. When enough water was present to exceed the adsorptive capacity and produce water in the bulk methanol, the initial rate of acid neutralization decreased and a decrease in the rate of acid neutralization also occurred during aging. The decrease in rate of acid neutralization during aging is believed to be due to polymorphic transformation of the amorphous aluminum hydroxide and aggregation. The change caused by aggregation could be reversed by dehydration or sonication, but the change due to polymorphic transformation could not be reversed.
Aluminum Hydroxide↗
Phosphate binding gels: balancing phosphate adsorption and aluminum toxicity.
The phosphate binding capacity of five commercial aluminum hydroxide phosphate-binding gels and two crystalline forms of aluminum hydroxide was studied by an in vitro procedure which simulated passage through the stomach to the small intestine. The potential for aluminum toxicity was estimated by determining the fraction of the dose which was converted into soluble aluminum species by acid neutralization at pH 3, 37 degrees C. The commercial products varied widely both in phosphate binding capacity and production of soluble aluminum species. The evidence suggests that the ideal phosphate binder will have a surface area small enough to minimize the formation of soluble aluminum species during the gastric residence time but also large enough to adsorb a clinically significant amount of phosphate.
Aluminum↗
Infarcts of the inferior division of the right middle cerebral artery: mirror image of Wernicke's aphasia.
We searched the Stroke Data Bank and personal files to find patients with CT-documented infarcts in the territory of the inferior division of the right middle cerebral artery. The most common findings among the 10 patients were left hemianopia, left visual neglect, and constructional apraxia (4 of 5 tested). Five patients had an agitated confusional state that was characterized by hyperactivity, restlessness, and easy distractibility. Motor and sensory abnormalities were not severe or persistent. The most common cause was cardiogenic embolism.
Aged↗
The structure of the adenovirus capsid. I. An envelope model of hexon at 6 A resolution.
The structure of hexon, the major coat protein of adenovirus, has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Electron density maps were obtained with phases based on five heavy-atom derivatives at 2.9 A resolution. The main experimental finding derives from a low resolution electron density map calculated at 6.0 A resolution, but based on phases determined by the multiple isomorphous replacement method at 2.9 A resolution. Hexon consists of three subunits together forming two major components of different morphological symmetry. A triangular top with three towers of density is superimposed on a more bulky pseudo-hexagonal base. The symmetry of the top is in accord with the trimeric nature of hexon, but that of the base derives from the molecular function, which is to provide a densely packed impenetrable protective outer layer for the virion. A close-packed array of hexons forms a planar facet of the icosahedral capsid, with the tops presenting a spiky appearance that is consistent with electron micrographs of the adenovirus capsid. Hexon is hollow, permitting it to occupy a larger volume than normal for the same quantity of protein. The polypeptide chain has been traced in the 2.9 A electron density map for several non-contiguous stretches, allowing C alpha co-ordinates to be measured for 820 out of the 967 amino acid residues. The overall folding pattern confirms the assignment of shape, but the lack of connectivity so far precludes its complete description. The modest amount of alpha-helix and beta-sheet present is in accord with spectroscopic results.
Adenoviridae↗
Structural homology between mouse liver and horse spleen ferritins.
Mouse liver ferritin is composed almost exclusively of polypeptide chains similar in molecular mass (22 kDa) to that characteristic of the major chain (H) found in heart ferritin isolated from human, horse or rat. In these species the predominant polypeptide of liver (L) is smaller (about 20 kDa). Here we show that mouse liver and horse spleen ferritins and apoferritins exhibit extensive structural homology as judged by the similarity in the diffraction patterns of their crystals grown from cadmium sulphate solutions. Implications of this finding are discussed.
Animals↗
Point of zero charge of amorphous aluminum hydroxide as a function of adsorbed carbonate.
The point of zero charge of 36 carbonate-containing aluminum hydroxide gels decreased with increased carbonate-to-aluminum molar ratio. Theoretical analysis supported this observation and showed that the point of zero charge was sensitive to low fractional coverage of surface sites by carbonate and that divalent carbonate is the predominant form of carbonate on the surface. The implications of the pH-point of zero charge relationship of aluminum hydroxide on the viscosity, adsorptive properties, rate of filtration, and removal of sodium are discussed.
Adsorption↗
Adsorption of hypochlorite by aluminum hydroxide.
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Adsorption↗
Isolation and crystallization of lambda exonuclease.
lambda Exonuclease is a deoxyribonuclease induced by bacteriophage lambda. Mutations in the structural gene for the protein affect general recombination and indicate a possible function for the enzyme. A large scale isolation procedure was employed to purify enough enzyme from a heat-induced lambda lysogen for X-ray crystallographic analysis. Analytical ultracentrifugation and SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis revealed that lambda exonuclease is a tetramer with molecular mass 107,000 Da. Crystallization trials produced morphologically perfect crystals of a size suitable for X-ray diffraction studies. Cubic crystallographic symmetry was indicated by the lack of birefringence when the crystals were inspected with polarized light. X-ray precession photographs indicated that lambda exonuclease crystallizes in a space group of P4(1)32, or its enantiomorph P4(3)32, with 24 tetramers in the unit cell of edge 210 A.
Bacteriophage lambda↗
Cerebellar infarction in the superior cerebellar artery distribution.
Three patients with CT and angiographic documentation of cerebellar infarction in the superior cerebellar artery distribution had ataxic gait with little or no vertigo. Limb ataxia occurred in two patients. Transient chorea and signs of pontine infarction were also noted. CT demonstrated infarcts on the upper surface of a cerebellar hemisphere and/or vermis. Angiograms disclosed occlusion of the top of the basilar artery in two cases and distal superior cerebellar artery (SCA) branches in one. One patient later died after distal basilar artery occlusion; the others recovered.
Adult↗