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Biomedical subjects

J L Viala

Publications and source records attributed to J L Viala.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Amniocentesis before 15 weeks' gestation: technical aspects and obstetric risks.

In a prospective case-control study, early amniocenteses (EAC, n = 242) at between 12 and 14 weeks gestation, were compared with standard amniocenteses (SAC, n = 242) performed at between 15 and 24 weeks gestation. The medical records of these 484 cases were reviewed for indications, success rate, color and volume of amniotic fluid, gestational age, number of needle insertions, location of the placenta, culture failure rate, obstetric complications and therapeutic abortion rate. There were no significant differences between the two groups in success rate, in culture success rate or in the outcome of the pregnancies. The volume of the sample taken was smaller in the EAC patients (P < 0.001), and therapeutic abortions were performed significantly earlier (P < 0.02.) Results show that EAC is feasible from 11 weeks' gestation, and can be performed for the usual indications as an alternative to chorionic villus sampling. In the near future, cytogenetic techniques will enable results to be obtained in less than a week.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Immunogenetic study of couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions.

OBJECTIVES: Clinical observations suggest that genetic and immunologic disparity could be a factor in fecundity. The HLA system (HLA) is polymorphic and TLX (Trophoblast Lymphocyte Cross-Reactive), which is also polymorphic, seems to be linked to it. The immunologic hypothesis follows that excessive HLA and TLX-sharing could explain the rejection of a semi-allogenic blastocyst. Study objectives are therefore twofold; To determine whether or not there is significant HLA-sharing between spouses with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) and to determine whether or not there is an association between some HLA specificities and RSA. STUDY DESIGN: The study includes only Caucasian couples that have had three successive spontaneous abortions. These were distributed in two groups: Group E: 18 couples either with known aetiology or with secondary RSA; Group U: seven couples with unexplained primary RSA; Control group C: 21 couples with at least two children and no spontaneous abortions. Tissue typing for HLA-A and B molecules was performed using serotyping methodology based on lymphocytotoxicity reaction. The different DRB1 alleles (class II) were determined by oligotyping with a non-radioactive reverse dot-blot methodology. RESULTS: Statistical comparison shows that the number of couples without shared specificity is not significantly different between the three groups for each locus independently and for the set of three. Our results show also that the allelic frequencies are not significantly different between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: There is no higher HLA-sharing in couples with RSA than in fertile couples. Similarly, no particular HLA specificity can be associated with the RSA.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1994

Fetal diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in 190 women infected during pregnancy.

One hundred and ninety women who contracted toxoplasmosis after the seventh week of pregnancy underwent antenatal diagnosis, including ultrasound examination and biological tests. Tests included Toxoplasma isolation in fetal blood and amniotic fluid by mouse inoculation, specific IgM and IgA in fetal blood, and non-specific tests. Twenty fetuses had positive specific as well as non-specific tests for Toxoplasma infection. At birth, four of these presented with clinical congenital toxoplasmosis and 12 with subclinical forms. Antenatal diagnosis enabled the detection of 83 per cent of the infected fetuses. Under specific conditions, cordocentesis permits early diagnosis and considerably reduces the number of terminations of pregnancy.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Prenatal diagnosis of cavernous lymphangioma of the arm.

We present a case of prenatal diagnosis of a fetal cystic hygroma of the arm diagnosed using ultrasound scanning in the 32nd week of gestation. This represents the first reported case of cystic hygroma in this location. Ultrasonography was useful for the assessment of fetal arm mobility and for monitoring the volume of the mass during the pregnancy.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Prenatal diagnosis of a multifocal lymphangioma.

Lymphangiomas or cystic hygromas are malformations of the lymphatic vessels and are characterized by single or multiple cysts which have developed within the soft tissues. They occur most commonly in the neck (75 per cent of cases) and are often associated with hydrops or chromosomal abnormalities (Romero et al., 1988). Mediastinal or abdominal locations are rare and represent less than 5 per cent of cases in the literature (Singh et al., 1971). This paper represents the first reported case of prenatal diagnosis of a lymphangioma in the neck, mediastinum, and abdomen. Diagnosis was made before fetal viability, and allowed us to recommend termination of the pregnancy because of the poor prognosis.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Prenatal diagnosis of diastematomyelia.

Fetal diastematomyelia, a malformation due to a longitudinal split of the cord, was diagnosed during the third trimester. Diagnosis was based on the visualization of a sagittal bony spur in the thoracolumbar spinal canal, associated with enlargement of the canal, hemivertebrae and spina bifida without a meningocele.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effects of selective reduction in triplet gestation: a comparative study of 80 cases managed with or without this procedure.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of selective termination in triplet pregnancies. DESIGN: Comparative, prospective, nonrandomized study. SETTING: All 80 pregnancies were managed in a single tertiary center by the same obstetrical team. PATIENTS: Eighty women with triplet pregnancies were divided into two groups: group I consisted of 48 women who wished to continue their pregnancies without reduction; in group II were 32 women who choose reduction generally to obtain twins. INTERVENTIONS: Selective terminations were performed after an average term of 9.6 weeks of gestation by transcervical or transabdominal approaches. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The rate of miscarriage and prematurity, fetal growth, perinatal morbidity and mortality, and maternal complications in the two groups. RESULTS: Prematurity was lower in reduced pregnancies (95.5% in triplets versus 53.5%), especially between 24 to 32 weeks' gestation where prematurity was reduced by half. Birth weight was > 450 g higher in the reduced group. The perinatal mortality rate was lower for reduced pregnancies, but this difference was not statistically significant. Five life-threatening maternal complications occurred in triplets, with none in the reduced group. CONCLUSIONS: Selective terminations are effective in decreasing the rate of prematurity, improving fetal growth, and avoiding maternal complications. The procedure thus could be used in triplet gestations. The ultimate decision should be taken by the couple who must be well informed of the risks of the procedure before deciding.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1993

Multifetal pregnancy reduction: a consecutive series of 61 cases.

OBJECTIVE: The effect of selective fetocide on the course of 61 multiple pregnancies. DESIGN: An observational study. SETTING: A tertiary centre. SUBJECTS: 61 women whose pregnancies included 37 triplets, 18 quadruplets, 5 quintuplets and 1 hepatuplet; 97% followed IVF or the induction of ovulation. The aim of the procedure in most cases was to obtain twins. INTERVENTIONS: Selective reduction was performed before 13 weeks gestation under general anaesthesia, using either a transcervical (n = 26) or transabdominal approach (n = 35). Fifty-four twins, 4 singletons and 3 triplets were obtained after the procedure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Preterm labour rate. RESULTS: The rate of unplanned fetal loss was 13% and was related to the number of suppressed embryos (P < 0.05). The preterm labour rate was 56.6%, the mean gestation at delivery was 35.6 weeks. Seven deliveries were before 32 weeks and led to all neonatal deaths. A comparison with published data suggested that fetal reduction reduced the rate of preterm labour in high multiple pregnancies; in 24 twin pregnancies obtained after reduction of triplets there was probably a gain of 2 weeks gestation. Severe growth retardation occurred in 13%. The perinatal mortality rate was 10.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Selective termination reduces but does not prevent early preterm labour. The procedure is of value in pregnancies with more than 3 fetuses and should be considered carefully for triplet pregnancies.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1993

Late vaginal induced abortion after a previous cesarean birth: potential for uterine rupture.

This descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the risk of uterine rupture in cases of late vaginal induced abortions among women with previous cesarean sections. 23 women were referred at a mean gestational age of 23.9 (SD 6.9) weeks of gestation after one or two cesarean sections. Indications for terminating the pregnancy were maternal diseases in 4 cases and fetal anomalies in 19 cases. RU 486 and/or prostaglandins were used for cervical ripening and to induce labor. Vaginal birth was obtained in 20 cases (86.9%) with an average duration of 72 (SD 52) h. Cesarean section was performed in the remaining 3 women because no cervical dilation could be obtained. One uterine rupture occurred and was treated with conservation of the uterus. Late termination of pregnancy in such cases can be achieved without cesarean section with a high success rate.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMed1992

Favourable outcome in 33 triplet pregnancies managed between 1985-1990.

In this paper, we describe the outcome of 33 triplet pregnancies referred to us between 1985 and 1990. They were managed as follows: management at home as soon as the diagnosis was made, then hospitalization at 28 weeks' gestation. Progesterone and beta-mimetics were administered daily, a cesarean section was always performed. One late abortion occurred at 21 weeks. The rate of prematurity was 90.6%, mean gestational age at delivery was 34.1 +/- 3 weeks, and 62.5% of deliveries occurred between 34 and 37 weeks. Ninety-four fetuses were delivered alive. Mean birth weight was 1880 +/- 410 g. Fetal growth retardation rate was 61.8%, including 28 infants under the third centile and 31 under the 10th centile. Perinatal death rate was 4.16% including 2 in utero deaths and 2 neonate deaths. All infants are healthy except for one child with severe mental retardation. These results show that triplet pregnancies can be safely managed, and that selective first-trimester reduction in triplet pregnancies does not appear to be necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Fetal growth retardation: prevention. Review of the literature].

The principle underlying preventive treatment of fetal intrauterine growth retardation can only be considered after defining various groups that are at risk and early screening based on the obstetric history, biological tests, and recently using flow rates with Doppler techniques. The use of aspirin in preventive treatment of growth retardation originates in the pharmacological properties of its molecule which allow the re-establishment of a balance of the prostoglandins. Numerous authors have studied clinical effects, its harmlessness as well as the true indications for its use. As there have been no control studies the theoretical possibilities of using Beta-Mimetic drugs has not been tested. The use of ultrasound has made it possible to try to see whether there is an improvement in the fetal state of well-being when oxygen therapy is used by the mother as it is in certain extremes to see what effect it has on placental function. Its use as an effective prophylactic has not yet been demonstrated. Promising lines of research could be assessing the effects of immunological treatments that have already been suggested (especially gammaglobulin transfusions). They have been used prophylactically with success but the series are small for well defined immunological indications.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1992

Ovarian consequences of the transient interruption of combined oral contraceptives.

The combined oral contraceptive pill is an efficient means of contraception. It acts at different levels of the genital tract. Despite its efficiency, it is universally suggested that patients take the pill at regular daily intervals. Little attention has been given to the question of what happens if you miss the pill one day or more. A study was undertaken to evaluate the consequences of pill misses at different times of the cycle. Forty-seven young, healthy, normally menstruating patients voluntarily enrolled. All were given Cilest (ethinyl estradiol 35 micrograms and norgestimate 250 mg, Cilag France) for 21 days without any misses. Then, after a 7-day interval, they were prescribed one (group 1), two (group 2), three (group 3) or four days of pill misses, to occur respectively on day 1 (group a), 6 (group b), 12 (group c) or 18 (group d) of a new 21 day cycle; supplementary contraceptive means were recommended. Four patients had no miss prescribed and served as controls. Ovarian function was evaluated with daily estrogen measurements (E1 + E2 enzymatic dosage, BioMérieux, France) and ultrasound examinations. When required, because of significant increase in estrogen or because of follicular growth detected on ultrasound, LH and progesterone were measured. None of the patients experienced a normal ovulation. Four patients (1 control, 1 from group 2a, and 2 from group 3a) had a significant increase in estrogen levels and had a follicular image on ultrasounds. One of them (group 3a) had a follicular rupture, but none had a LH surge or increase in progesterone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Fetal growth retardation: physiopathology. Review of the literature].

Fetal hypotrophy or intrauterine growth retardation is an important cause of fetal and neonatal mortality and a real cause of iatrogenic prematurity. When pregnancy is progressing normally there are histological changes in the spiral arteries with an equilibrium between the endothelial prostacyclin and platelet thromboxane on the one part and peroxides and Vitamin E on the other part. This allows uteroplacental circulation to flow rapidly and at a low pressure. Furthermore immunological tolerance of the mother's system in the relationship to her embryo plays a part in bringing about this special haemodynamic state. The physiopathology of retarded growth stemming from the blood vessels brings into play multiple mechanisms. The first cause is a defect in placentation which is shown up as insufficient trophoblastic invasion in the second stage. This brings about endothelial dysfunction with disappearance of the normal equilibrium of the prostaglandins and an alteration in the physiological equilibrium between the peroxides and a natural antagonist, which is vitamin E. Immunological disturbances have also been considered following studies on the immunohistochemistry and with the frequent association of obstetrical vascular complications together with phospholipid specific autoantibodies.

Fetal Growth Retardation↗
PubMed1992

Cordocentesis versus amniocentesis for rapid fetal karyotyping in cases of late referral of women.

Eighteen women were referred for fetal karyotyping because of advanced maternal age (over 38 years) later than 23 weeks' gestation. In order to obtain more rapid karyotypes, cordocentesis rather than amniocentesis was performed. All procedures were successful, leading to the obtention of normal karyotypes in all cases. No fetal incidents occurred and results were obtained more rapidly than by amniocentesis. We suggest the use of cordocentesis rather than amniocentesis in cases of late referral of women.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Early prenatal diagnosis of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (Stocker's type I); a case report.

A congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation was diagnosed by ultrasound examination at 20 week's gestation. The entire right lung was cystic and elements of poor prognosis such as hydrops fetalis and polyhydramnios were present. After verification of the karyotype, abortion was performed and autopsy confirmed prenatal findings and Stocker's type I. Cystic congenital adenomatoid malformation of the lung is a rare form of congenital pulmonary disease. Our case shows that this malformation can be accurately diagnosed during the midtrimester of pregnancy by ultrasound examination. Ultrasound examination permits an evaluation of the three types described by Stocker and may reveal certain lesions associated with poor prognosis, such as anasarca or polyhydramnios. Also, it offers the possibility to save some fetuses by surgical decompression in the immediate postnatal period, or to terminate earlier pregnancies by abortion.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Prenatal diagnosis of an abdomino-pelvic hydrometrocolpos; a case report.

The authors describe a case of prenatal diagnosis of hydrometrocolpos performed at 35 weeks of ammenorhea. Diagnosis was based on fetal images of a rounded, solid, pelvic mass increasing rapidly, which evoked vaginal and uterine distension. No associated anomaly was found. This very unusual genital malformation required treatment at birth. This case shows that hydrometrocolpos can be evidenced by prenatal ultra-sonography allowing early treatment and prevention of complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Hemorrheological parameters during normal labor and uterine contraction].

Considering the modified fluidity of blood during numerous kind of stress, the authors studied blood rheology during delivery as an example of a particularly severe stress. The authors measured blood and plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation in 77 pregnant at the following stages of delivery: below 4 cm dilatation; more than 4 cm dilatation; during fetus expulsion, during after birth delivery. Apparent blood viscosity and viscosity adjusted to 45% hematocrit rose to reach a peak during expulsion (p less than 0.01) then to become normal again during placenta delivery (p less than 0.01). Hematocrit and plasmatic viscosity showed no changes during labour and expulsion. In addition erythrocyte aggregation was lowering during expulsion and delivery (stage with physiological defibrination). Rising blood viscosity might be explained by a red blood cell rigidification measured by the increasing of "Tk" (p less than 0.01) and by a nonsignificant increase of the filterability index measured by hemorheometer. In conclusion, delivery is accompanied by a blood hyperviscosity essentially related to a transient red blood cell rigidification.

Adult↗