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Biomedical subjects

J L Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to J L Rogers.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Treatment refusal among forensic inpatients.

Although the United States Supreme Court has not offered a definite opinion, some states have established the qualified right of involuntarily committed patients to refuse treatment. Controversy continues between psychiatry and law over what procedural protections should be provided to patients when therapists seek to override nonemergency refusal of treatment. The authors review Oregon's administrative approach and its application to the treatment refusal of 33 state hospital forensic patients. Patient characteristics, refusal patterns, and implications of treatment refusal are also described.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Oregon's Psychiatric Security Review Board: a comprehension system for managing insanity acquittees.

The insanity defense is a particularly controversial aspect of the interaction between law and mental health. During the past decade, many states have revised or abolished their insanity defenses. Oregon, however, chose in 1974 to retain its existing defense and create a new, unique system for the post-adjudication management of insanity acquitees. Oregon's legislature established the Psychiatric Security Review Board (PSRB), which is composed of five part-time members drawn from different disciplines, to conduct periodic hearings to determine the placement and supervision of defendants who successfully raise the insanity defense and remain mentally ill and dangerous. The PSRB has received national attention as a promising approach to managing mentally ill offenders. The authors first describe the structure and operation of the Oregon system. Then they summarize the empirical studies they have conducted of the PSRB in action.

Forensic Psychiatry↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation and treatment of insanity acquittees in the community.

This paper describes the monitored outpatient treatment program for Psychiatry Security Review Board (PSRB) clients in the largest single community treatment agency in the Oregon system. We describe 161 persons referred to this agency for evaluation and treatment. Ninety-one PSRB clients received treatment and of this group 51% had their conditional release revoked by the PSRB. The most frequent cause of revocation was noncompliance with treatment. There were only 11 crimes committed during the study period, four of which were in the felony range. The majority of PSRB clients are chronically mentally ill persons. We discuss both the treatment approach and our results in light of a recently published research agenda for insanity acquittees.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The determination of specific radioactivity of proteins eluted intact from polyacrylamide gels, utilizing a fluorescamine assay.

The methodology described permits the measurement of the specific radioactivity of diverse proteins resolvable by separatory techniques using cylindrical polyacrylamide gels. Following separation, the proteins are electroeluted; eluted protein is quantitated in the microgram range using a fluorescamine assay, while the major portion of the recovered sample is used for radioactivity measurement. These procedures have been adapted for use in tracer studies of protein metabolism. Their utility in kinetic investigations is demonstrated with data on the time course of changing specific radioactivities of human plasma albumin and apolipoprotein B labeled in vivo with a [3H]leucine tracer.

Apolipoproteins B↗
PubMed1985

Tumorigenicity testing of primate cell lines in nude mice, muscle organ culture and for colony formation in soft agarose.

Primate neoplastic and finite cell lines were tested in one in vivo and two in vitro test systems: adult nude mice, muscle organ culture (MOC) and soft agarose (SA). Comparison of the sensitivity of the systems indicated that nude mice were inferior to either in vitro system: WI-38 VA13 (an SV40 transformed cell line) did not cause tumours in these animals yet it behaved as if it were neoplastic in MOC and formed colonies in SA. There was complete correlation between results obtained in MOC and SA. All cell lines which produced tumors in vivo were positive in both in vitro test systems. None of the lines which showed normal patterns in MOC and in SA was tumorigenic in nude mice. Since testing in vitro is simpler, faster, and is thought to be reliable, we recommend SA followed by MOC as the initial assays for determining tumorigenicity of cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Schizophrenia, hemodialysis, and the placebo effect. Results and issues.

This report presents the results of a double-blind study that examines the impact of hemodialysis on patients with chronic schizophrenia. Twelve patients were randomly assigned to sham and 12 patients to active dialysis. All patients experienced a drug washout period and were then followed up over an eight-week period. A statistically significant condition by weeks interaction was found, with patients in the sham group improving and patients in the active dialysis group decompensating over the last weeks of the trial. This complex finding fails to support the hypothesized efficacy of hemodialysis in the treatment of schizophrenia but also fails to support a simple placebo explanation for positive results reported in earlier open studies. The methodologic complications are reviewed, and a possible direction for future research is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Insanity defenses: contested or conceded?

The authors examined 316 Oregon criminal cases in which the accused successfully pleaded the insanity defense. Prosecutors agreed to the insanity verdict in more than four out of five cases. In most cases all examining experts diagnosed the defendant as psychotic. The smaller number of defendants who were diagnosed by the state hospital staff as displaying only personality disorders accounted for a disproportionately large percentage of the contested trials. Observing that Oregon's insanity defense system is run by consensus, the authors suggest a reorientation of the insanity defense debate.

Crime↗
PubMed1984

Carry-over of medical information system influence to control patients.

Evaluations of medical information systems (MIS) often compare one or more dependent variables between experimental patients having the MIS available and control patients. Typically, physicians who are exposed to and therefore are potentially influenced by the MIS during visits with experimental patients also see control patients, thus possibly weakening the internal validity of subsequent comparisons between the MIS and the control conditions. The present study examines the possible bias due to carry-over of MIS influence to control patients in the context of a prospective, randomized design.

Diagnostic Tests, Routine↗
PubMed1983

Effectiveness of hemodialysis in chronic schizophrenic patients: a double-blind study.

Twenty-four chronic schizophrenic patients were treated with active or sham hemodialysis in a double-blind, randomized-group design. Treatment outcomes, as measured by the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (version PD), are presented. Patients in both active and sham conditions responded to the dialysis process. The research design may have prevented the separation of these groups of responders. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of hemodialysis on a selected group of schizophrenic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Medical information systems: assessing impact in the areas of hypertension, obesity and renal disease.

This study described the influence of a computerized medical record summary system in three disease areas (hypertension, obesity and renal disease) observed in the course of a controlled, randomized and prospective study of 479 Northwestern University Clinic patients. Experimental patients, who had available automated record summaries, and control patients, who had available only the manual record, were compared on several medical tests and procedures whose yearly occurrence was considered good medical practice for this patient population, and were compared as well as several measures of outcome of medical care. Evidence suggesting better care and outcome of care among patients with computerized record summaries available is presented.

Computers↗