Biomedical subjects

J L Quiles

Publications and source records attributed to J L Quiles.

22 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Renal metabolism of uric acid in type I insulin-dependent diabetic patients: relation to metabolic compensation.

Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and poor glycemic control show hypouricemia with hyperuricosuria. In the present study, we have evaluated whether a good glycemic control influences the renal handling of uric acid. Sixteen patients (8 male, mean age 22.4 +/- 7.2 years) were studied under two situations, poor glycemic control (glycemia > 11 mmol/L and HbA1 c > 10%) and good glycemic control (glycemia < 6 mmol/L and HbA1 c < 8.5%). A group of 16 normal subjects served as the control group (8 male, mean age 21.9 +/- 9.1 years). In the poor glycemic control phase, patients showed lower plasma uric acid levels (0.18 +/- 0.06 mmol/L) and higher fractional urinary excretion of uric acid (16.1 +/- 9.3%) than the controls (0.28 +/- 0.06 and 8.2 +/- 1.9%, respectively). When a good glycemic control was reached, plasma uric acid increased (0.22 +/- 0.05), but it was still lower than that of the controls and fractional excretion of UA was normalized. Plasma uric acid was inversely correlated to glycemia (r = -0.34, p < 0.05) and to HbA1 c (r = -0.56, p < 0.0008) and fractional excretion of uric acid was directly correlated to glycemia (r = 0.39, p < 0.03) and HbA1 c (r = 0.73, p < 0.00005). These results indicate that the hypouricemia and hyperuricosuria of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is corrected by an adequate glycemic control, suggesting that these alterations are of a functional origin and due to a defective metabolic control.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Absence of rapid adaptation of the exocrine pancreas of conscious dogs to diets enriched in fat or carbohydrates.

Adult mongrel dogs were fed during 8 days on one of two diets, one rich in fat (FR) and the other rich in carbohydrates (CR), in order to compare the exocrine pancreatic secretion in the basal period and in response to food. Under resting conditions, mean pancreatic juice flow and mean values of protein content, amylase and lipase activity and production were similar in both experimental groups, suggesting that the period of adaptation used did not produce any influence on the measured parameters. No significant difference between the two dietary groups was found in postprandial volume of pancreatic juice. The peak of pancreatic juice flow in FR-group was smaller but remained elevated until the end of the 5th h, possibly due to the fact of delayed gastric emptying when animals are fed with a high fat diet. No significant differences were found between the groups in neither postprandial amylase activity and secretion nor lipase activity. On the other hand, lipase output was significantly higher in FR-group but only during the 5 postprandial h. This fact may be related to some intestinal factor stimulated by the hydrolysis products of fat. Finally, our findings show that no rapid adaptation of exocrine pancreatic secretion exist to the diet, at least in our experimental conditions. Of course, this does not exclude that the phenomenon of adaptation may appear in the dog under long-term adaptation to the diet.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1996

Dietary intake and anthropometric measures in a Spanish students group.

Two four-day diet records were used to estimate usual energy and nutrient intake, eating patterns (habits) and contribution of meals to total energy intake, in a group of 92 biology students from the Granada University. At the same time, a series of anthropometric measures was taken from each subject (weight, height, skin pleats and arm measurement). Comparison of real intakes with those recommended was carried out using the 1980 Spanish recommendations and the 1992 European Community recommendations. For men (n = 42) mean intakes for most nutrients were similar to the recommended levels and the proportion with intakes of vitamins and minerals below 80% of the recommended intakes was also minimal. Among women (n = 50) mean intake of zinc was below 80% of the Spanish recommendation. However, there was a wide range of intakes of minerals and vitamins within both groups; therefore, we found a high percentage of subjects with intakes of some vitamins or minerals below 80% of the recommended intakes. Finally, anthropometric measures showed normal body weight, height, and body composition among the students.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Peroxidative extent and coenzyme Q levels in the rat: influence of physical training and dietary fats.

Sport practice is widely recognized as capable of producing peroxidative damages, even of severe intensity. Dietary manipulations can also modify membrane susceptibility to peroxidation. In previous experiments we found that, while dietary virgin olive oil successfully protects mitochondrial and microsomal membranes from endogenous, xenobiotics-induced peroxidation, dietary polyunsaturated oils lead to increased peroxidative levels. In the latter conditions, cell machinery tries to counteract the structural and functional changes which have occurred, by modulating enzyme activities and concentrations, by increasing biosynthesis of coenzyme Q and by mobilizing cholesterol. In the present study we hypothesized that combining these two aspects could give useful information on the membrane response to peroxidation phenomena that daily occur throughout the lifespan. Rats fed different dietary oils as only fat source underwent a carefully designed training program and were killed at different times following acute or chronic exercise. Results show that peroxidation related to chronic training and to an acute bout of exercise sum up with peroxidative effects induced by dietary factors. The above mentioned phenomena occurred simultaneously with increased tissue levels of coenzyme Q, possibly triggered within a physiological reactive antioxidant strategy.

Aging↗