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Biomedical subjects

J L Pryor

Publications and source records attributed to J L Pryor.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Evaluation for antisperm antibodies after storage of sperm in TEST-yolk buffer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if TEST-yolk buffer, consisting of TES (N-tris [hydroxymethyl]-methyl-2-aminoethanesufonic acid), Tris (Tris[hydroxymethyl]aninomethane), and chicken egg yolk, affects the presence of antisperm antibodies on the sperm surface as detected by the immunobead test. DESIGN: A prospective study of antisperm antibodies on sperm surface before and after incubation in TEST-yolk buffer. Direct immunobead test and indirect immunobead test were done the day of collection of the semen sample to detect the presence of human immunoglobulin class G (IgG) and immunoglobulin class A (IgA); immunobead tests were repeated on the same sperm samples after 24 hours of storage in TEST buffer. SETTING: Academic tertiary institution. PARTICIPANTS: Patients undergoing evaluation for infertility. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the outcome of the direct immunobead test after extending semen samples with TEST-yolk buffer for 24 hours at 4 degrees C. Eleven samples that were initially negative for IgG and 13 samples that were negative for IgA remained negative after 24-hour storage in TEST-yolk buffer. Eleven samples that were positive for IgG and nine samples that were positive for IgA by the direct immunobead test the first day remained positive the next day. Five extended sperm samples used in the indirect immunobead test with IgG positive serum gave positive results and four of five used with IgA positive serum gave positive results. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that TEST-yolk buffer can be used to extend semen without affecting the presence of antibodies on the sperm surface as indicated by the direct immunobead test. The higher variability of the indirect immunobead tests indicates there may be some alteration of sperm antigens after storing in TEST-yolk buffer. These findings indicate that TEST-yolk buffer can be used to store semen for batched processing of samples or as a transport medium for delivery to a central laboratory for antibody testing.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1996

Testicular trauma: potential impact on reproductive function.

PURPOSE: The long-term effects of testicular trauma on reproductive function are unknown. In an effort to define the relationship between testicular injury and fertility in humans, we identified patients with a history of testicular trauma and assessed parameters commonly associated with fertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 15 patients 23 to 59 years old who underwent immediate exploration after testicular trauma between 1972 and 1991. Of the patients 11 were contacted and 8 returned for prospective followup. Reproductive and sexual histories, physical examination, measurements of serum hormones and antisperm antibodies, semen analysis and scrotal ultrasound were done. RESULTS: Of the 8 patients 1 (13%) achieved and 7 (87%) did not attempt conception. Hormonal status was normal in all 8 patients. Six men had objective evidence of subfertility by semen analysis only, although none had severe oligospermia or asthenospermia and only 1 had severe teratospermia. Five of 9 traumatized testes were atrophic. Interestingly, only 1 patient had antisperm antibodies, the levels of which were probably low enough to be clinically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: There was definite evidence of subfertility as assessed by abnormal semen analyses and atrophic testes following testicular trauma. However, the subfertility did not appear to be immune mediated nor did the patients present with infertility. Since only 1 patient had severely compromised fertility according to semen analysis we conclude that early repair can help preserve hormonal function as well as fertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Vibratory stimulation for treatment of anejaculation in quadriplegic men.

Sexual dysfunction and infertility are common problems following spinal cord injury. Most men with complete spinal cord lesions do not ejaculate during coitus. Vibratory stimulation applied to the frenulum of the penis in six quadriplegic male subjects produced ejaculates for intrauterine inseminations. Pregnancies occurred in five of the six partners. Vibratory stimulation is a relatively safe and effective means to produce an ejaculation in men with quadriplegia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Diverse testicular responses to exogenous growth hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in prepubertal boars.

The effects of exogenous growth hormone (GH) and FSH on development of the testes in intact prepubertal boars was investigated. Twenty-four boars received one of four daily treatments from 8 through 40 days of age: 1) 90 micrograms porcine (p) GH/kg body weight (BW), 2) 100 micrograms pFSH/kg BW, 3) GH + FSH, or 4) vehicle only (control). Plasma testosterone levels, measured at 10-day intervals, were similar among groups of boars throughout the study. Body weights among groups were similar during treatment, and testicular weight between treatment groups did not differ at castration (100 days of age). However, total length of the seminiferous tubule per testis in FSH-treated boars was 59% greater than in GH-treated animals (2705 vs. 1704 m; p < 0.05). Diameter of the tubule in GH-treated boars was 58% greater than in FSH-treated boars (p = 0.03). Relative mass of spermatocytes and spermatids in GH-treated animals exceeded that in controls by 2.5-fold and that in FSH boars by 75-fold (p = 0.05). There were no differences in effects of GH + FSH treatment as compared to control treatment; none of the treatments affected any interstitial tissue parameter measured. These results suggest that exogenous FSH had a mitogenic effect on Sertoli cells while delaying tubular maturity, whereas exogenous GH promoted tubular and Sertoli cell maturation, defined as increased Sertoli cell size, lumen formation, and onset of spermatogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Putative rat sperm lipid-binding protein: isolation and partial characterization.

Previous work has identified a prominent 22-24-kD protein that is present in rat male reproductive tissues, including epididymis and testis (Brooks, 1985; Jones and Brown, 1987; Moore et al., 1987). Using a monoclonal antibody (designated mAb-B109) against this 24-kD antigen (referred to as B109), we have isolated the protein using a combination of chromatofocusing and electroelution from SDS-PAGE gels, and reverse phase HPLC. B109 (pI = 4.8) is amino-terminal blocked. To obtain internal amino acid sequences, the isolated protein was cleaved either with cyanogen bromide in 70% formic acid or with TLCK-treated chymotrypsin. With cyanogen bromide treatment, two peptides, 17.8 kD and 11.9 kD, were isolated and partial amino acid sequences obtained. Chymotryptic peptides were isolated by reverse-phase HPLC and two were chosen for sequence analysis. A computer search for sequence homology through the protein identification resource (PIR) matched B109 to a basic 21-kD cytosolic protein (pI = 7.4) found in bovine brain (> 80% homology). When peptide sequence differences obtained in the present study were substituted into the 21-kD cytosolic protein sequence obtained from the PIR using Intelligenetics software, the calculated pI dropped from 7.4 to 5.8, suggesting that pI differences between the bovine and rat molecules are the result of amino acid substitutions in the testis protein and not tissue-specific posttranslational processing. It has been postulated that the 21-kD bovine brain protein is associated with phospholipid transport, although the function of B109 is unknown.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Scrotal ultrasound for evaluation of subacute testicular torsion: sonographic findings and adverse clinical implications.

There is an increased use of scrotal ultrasound in the clinician's office and emergency room for the investigation of scrotal pain. The use of real-time scrotal ultrasound for the diagnosis of testicular torsion has been described in the literature. A false-negative ultrasound examination can postpone the diagnosis of torsion and result in testicular loss. We examined 6 patients 1 day to 18 years old who had subacute testicular torsion with scrotal symptomatology (pain and/or swelling) for longer than 8 hours (range 12 hours to 6 days). Scrotal ultrasound was performed as 1 of the initial tests. A common sonographic pattern was an inhomogeneous testicle with hypoechoic areas alternating with hyperechoic areas and thickening of adjacent scrotal tissue. Another common finding was an edematous hyperechoic epididymis and a small hydrocele. In 4 of the 6 cases these nonspecific findings suggested a misleading diagnosis of tumor or epididymitis and resulted in delay of surgery and testicular loss. Treatment was not delayed in only 2 patients in whom the diagnosis of torsion was made initially by history and physical examination, and ultrasound was done for interest only. Misdiagnosis of intratesticular blood flow and some potential pitfalls of scrotal imaging by color Doppler ultrasound are discussed. We conclude that real-time scrotal sonography can be misleading in cases of subacute testicular torsion and, therefore, it should not be used in this clinical setting.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Severe penile erosion after use of a vacuum suction device for management of erectile dysfunction in a spinal cord injured patient. Case report.

We report a case of severe erosion and cellulitis at the base of the penis as a result of vacuum suction device constriction bands left on for 4 hours in a spinal cord injured patient with paraplegia and hypesthesia of the genital area. All patients using vacuum suction devices need to be properly educated regarding usage and risks with adequate follow up; patients with hypesthesias and spinal cord injuries need information specifically related to their decreased or absent level of sensation. Only two out of seven vacuum suction device brochures reviewed warn of the risk to patients with decreased sensation in the penis, but none specifically address usage or risks to men with spinal cord injuries.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Varicocele.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Percutaneous nephrostomy drainage in the treatment of severe hemorrhagic cystitis.

We report on 2 patients who underwent urinary diversion with bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy tube drainage for intractable hemorrhagic cystitis. Both patients received cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy and 1 also underwent pelvic irradiation for locally advanced prostate adenocarcinoma. In each case the bleeding gradually ceased during a 1-week period. Both patients were alive at 6 months and were voiding spontaneously. We propose that the mechanism of treatment involves diverting endogenous urokinase as well as avoiding overdistention of the bladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Outcome of renal transplantation or dialysis in patients with a history of renal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic options for patients with bilateral renal cancer or cancer in a solitary kidney are limited to partial nephrectomy or bilateral radical nephrectomy with subsequent renal transplantation or dialysis. The outcome after partial nephrectomy is well documented, but few reports discuss the long-term survival of patients receiving chronic dialysis or after renal transplantation. Information regarding the long-term prognosis for these patients is important when deciding on the appropriate treatment. METHODS: The authors retrospectively evaluated the long-term prognosis of 23 patients who lost renal function because of surgery for renal cell carcinoma or Wilms' tumor between 1970 and 1990. RESULTS: Twelve patients had renal transplantation (Tx group), and 11 had chronic dialysis (DS group). In the Tx group, four patients had Wilms' tumor and eight had renal cell carcinoma (Stage I, 5 patients; Stage II, 2 patients; Stage III, 1 patient). In the DS group, three patients had Wilms' tumor, and eight had renal cell carcinoma (Stage I, 5 patients; Stage III, 2 patients; Stage IV, 1 patient). Unexpectedly, 9 of 11 (82%) patients from the DS group died of cancer, compared with 1 of 12 (8%) patients who had transplantation (P = 0.0133) despite comparable stages of renal cell carcinoma and Wilms' tumor in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: For patients who have had bilateral nephrectomy or removal of a solitary kidney, the authors recommend waiting at least 12 months, during which time the patient receives dialysis, before proceeding with transplantation if there is no evidence of recurrent tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Immunodetection after complete destaining of coomassie blue-stained proteins on immobilon-PVDF.

A technique that simplifies the localization of an immunodetectable protein in relation to the other electrophoresed proteins is described. Proteins are transblotted onto a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane and visualized by staining with Coomassie brilliant blue R-250, and a photograph of the protein pattern is taken. The Coomassie blue-stained PVDF membrane is then completely destained using a 25% acetic acid/50% methanol solution that allows subsequent immunostaining on the same membrane. The technique uses common laboratory reagents, is rapid, and has been shown to be applicable for a variety of proteins using both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies and a variety of transblots.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Injury to the pre-pubertal vas deferens. I. Histological analysis of pre-pubertal human vas.

There is very little information in the literature on the development of the human vas deferens. Therefore, the age at which the pre- or para-pubertal vas deferens becomes large enough for a vasovasostomy to be technically feasible is unknown. To determine the age or degree of sexual maturity at which a microscopic vasovasostomy is technically feasible, we collected surgical or autopsy vasa from 34 young males over a three year period, and correlated vasal size to age and Tanner stage (degree of sexual maturity ranging from 1-childhood to 5-adult). The specimens were embedded and sectioned transversely in glycol methacrylate. Using image analysis, the total transverse area and diameter, and luminal area and diameter was determined for each specimen. Surprisingly, there was no change in vasal size from birth up through 11 years. From age 15 years and on, the vas was adult in size. The vas develops to adult size between Tanner stages 2 and 3. The average external and luminal diameters of pre-midpuberty specimens (Tanner stages 1 and 2) were 1.0 and 0.19 (mm.) and the diameters of post-midpuberty specimens were 2.1 and 0.43 (mm.), respectively. These results suggest that, in the event of a recognized iatrogenic injury to the vas deferens after midpuberty, a repair by a traditional microsurgical vasovasostomy is possible. If the vas is injured before midpuberty it may be technically difficult to repair by traditional microsurgical methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Injury to the pre-pubertal vas deferens. II. Experimental repair.

We have previously shown that the human vas deferens does not change in cross-sectional size between birth and the middle of puberty. This suggests that if the human vas is injured prior to mid-puberty, repair by a traditional microsurgical vasovasostomy may be technically difficult. We propose that a chromic stent can be used to assist in the repair of vas injured before mid-puberty. This hypothesis was tested in Sprague-Dawley rats. At three weeks of age, male offspring were divided into three groups (eight to nine rats/group): 1) Sham group--a sham operation at three weeks, 2) VV group--bilateral transection of vasa at three weeks followed by a delayed repair at eight weeks by microsurgical vasovasostomy without a stent, 3) Stent group--bilateral transection of vasa at three weeks followed by immediate repair by aligning the lumens with a 6-0 chromic intravasal stent (suture) and holding the transected ends together with several seromuscular sutures. At four months all rats were fertility tested and a score was given to each rat (mean number of concepti among three females for each male rat). Analysis of anastomotic patency by flow rates and histology was performed. There was no statistical difference in the mean fertility score of 6.85 in the Stent group compared to 7.83 in the Sham group. However, a fertility score of 0.71 in the VV group was significantly decreased compared to the Stent and Sham group (p = .0003), despite no statistical difference between the groups in patency. This suggests that a recognized injury to the pre-pubertal human vas should be immediately repaired and the repair can be done using 6-0 chromic suture as an intravasal stent to help align the lumina of the smaller pre-pubertal vas.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of symptom characteristics of indwelling ureteral catheters.

The signs and symptoms produced by 4 different types of 7F double pigtail catheters, including Cook polyurethane pigtail stent, Surgitek Silitek Uropass, Cook C-Flex and Van-Tec Soft stent, were analyzed prospectively. The stents were placed in 45 men and 28 women ranging in age from 23 to 72 years old. A total of 44 catheters had a suture attached to the bladder end of the catheter, which exited from the urethral meatus to facilitate removal. The remaining 29 catheters had no suture attached. Symptoms were evaluated at 2 and 6 days after insertion and 1 week following removal of the catheter, and included urinary frequency, nocturia, hematuria, flank pain, suprapubic pain, dysuria and pain on removal of the catheter. Frequency and nocturia were evaluated in minutes, pain was graded on a subjective scale of 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain), and dysuria and hematuria were assessed qualitatively. There were no significant differences among the 4 types of catheters in terms of frequency, nocturia, hematuria, flank pain, suprapubic pain and dysuria. In addition, there was no significant difference in urinary symptoms between catheters with and without a suture at either 2 or 6 days after insertion nor was there any difference in pain on removal of catheters with (mean 3.9) and without (mean 5.0) suture. We found that catheter composition and use of suture to facilitate removal did not significantly affect patient morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Inferior vena caval invasion by renal cell carcinoma: false positive diagnosis by venacavography.

We reviewed the records of 22 renal cell carcinoma patients who were referred to this hospital to determine inferior vena caval extension of tumor. Preoperative radiological studies from referring hospitals and this institution were compared to the operative findings. Four cases of false positive inferior vena caval involvement on preoperative venacavograms performed and interpreted elsewhere were identified. In 3 of these cases a repeat preoperative inferior venacavogram performed at this hospital made the correct diagnosis. In the remaining case an inferior venacavogram was not repeated but no tumor was found at operation. One patient who did not undergo an operation was believed to have vena caval involvement by computerized tomography but venacavography was negative. Reasons for the false positive studies included suboptimal technique and misinterpretation of normal flow defects. Our technique for venacavography is presented. The importance of satisfactory preoperative radiological studies is stressed.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1990

Use of double-pigtail stents in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Double-pigtail stents are placed commonly in patients before extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to prevent ureteral obstruction from steinstrasse. The use of double-pigtail stents in lithotripsy patients with a moderate stone burden was studied in a prospective randomized trial. Patients with unilateral renal stone(s) with at least 1 diameter between 7 and 25 mm. were eligible for the study. Fifty patients were randomized to a control or stented group. Double-pigtail stents with an attached suture were placed immediately before extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the stented group. Stents were removed by the patients 1 week after lithotripsy. A survey on pain and associated symptoms was completed by patients at 1 and 14 days after treatment. There was no statistical difference in flank or abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, temperature or use of analgesics at 1 and 14 days after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the control and stented groups. All patients in the stented groups complained of side effects attributable to the stent including urinary frequency and urgency, bladder pain, hematuria and flank pain with urination. Of 25 patients with stents 7 (27%) had early removal because of severe irritation, early migration or accidental removal. Among the patients with follow-up x-rays 1 month after treatment 17 of 21 (81%) in the control group and 12 of 19 (63%) in the stented group showed no evidence of remaining stones. The use of double-pigtail stents is not beneficial in patients with a moderate stone burden. Double-pigtail stents are associated with considerable patient discomfort but no decrease in symptomatic ureteral obstruction or final stone eradication rate.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Histologic analysis of orchiopexy in a cryptorchid rabbit model.

Although there is a consensus that very early orchiopexy is advantageous, there is little experimental data to support this view. Therefore, we studied early pre-pubertal versus later pre-pubertal orchiopexy in a cryptorchid rabbit model. Male offspring were divided into four groups with six to nine rabbits in each group: 1) controls (CON); 2) shams undergoing sham operations at both three weeks and two months of life (SHAM); 3) cryptorchid on day 3 with orchiopexy at three weeks and sham operation at two months (O3W); 4) cryptorchid on day 3 with sham operation at three weeks and orchiopexy at two months (02M). All animals were sacrificed post-puberty at six months of age; the tests were fixed in situ by perfusion fixation, embedded in glycol methacrylate, and underwent morphometric analysis in a blinded fashion. The average seminiferous tubular diameter (STD) of the CON, SHAM, O3W, and O2M groups was 234, 160, 116, and 123 microns, respectively. The average testicular biopsy score count (TBSC) of the CON, SHAM, O3W and O2M groups was 9.0, 5.2, 3.5 and 3.5, respectively. There is no significant difference in STD or TBSC between the O3W and O2M cryptorchid groups, and values for both of these groups were significantly different from those of the SHAM group. In addition, a significant effect of sham operation was demonstrated. These results demonstrate no advantage of very early orchiopexy in this model, and are consistent with the clinical literature which, in general, shows reduced reproductive potential of a cryptorchid testis after orchiopexy.

Age Factors↗