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J L Miller

Publications and source records attributed to J L Miller.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Perceiving non-native speech.

In a series of experiments using monosyllabic words produced by a native and a non-native speaker of English, native English speakers monitored the word-initial consonants of the words to decide which of two consonants was present on each trial. In some of the experiments, a secondary task of a linguistic nature, deciding whether the target-bearing word was a noun or verb, was also required. When the words were presented in silence, the native and non-native stimuli were processed in a like manner. Specifically, when the secondary task was not required, phonemic decisions tended to be made on the basis of prelexical information, whereas when the secondary task was required, they tended to be made on the basis of postlexical information (see Eimas, Marcovitz Hornstein, & Payton, 1990). However, when the listening conditions were degraded by presenting the words at a lower level and in noise, the two types of stimuli yielded different patterns. Native speech was processed as before, whereas for non-native speech phonemic decisions now tended to be made on the basis of postlexical information both when a secondary task was required and when it was not. The contrasting results for native and non-native speech are discussed in terms of models of phoneme processing.

Female↗
PubMed2001

Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between rofecoxib and methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Rofecoxib is a highly selective and potent inhibitor of cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2). Methotrexate is a disease-modifying agent with a narrow therapeutic index frequently prescribed for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of clinical doses of rofecoxib on the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 25 rheumatoid arthritis patients on stable doses of methotrexate. Patients received oral methotrexate (7.5 to 20 mg) on days -1, 7, 14, and 21. Nineteen patients received rofecoxib 12.5, 25, and 50 mg once daily on days 1 to 7, 8 to 14, and 15 to 21, respectively. Six patients received placebo on days 1 to 21 only to maintain a double-blinded design for assessment of adverse experiences. Plasma and urine samples were analyzed for methotrexate and its major although inactive metabolite, 7-hydroxymethotrexate. The AUC(0-infinity) geometric mean ratios (GMR) and their 90% confidence intervals (90% CI) (rofecoxib + methotrexate/methotrexate alone) for day 7/day -1, day 14/day -1, and day 21/day -1, for rofecoxib 12.5, 25, and 50 mg, were 1.03 (0.93, 1.14), 1.02 (0.92, 1.12), and 1.06 (0.96, 1.17), respectively (p > 0.2 for all comparisons to day -1). All AUC(0-infinity), GMR and Cmax GMR 90% CIs fell within the predefined comparability limits of (0.80, 1.25). Similar results were observed for renal clearance of methotrexate and 7-hydroxymethotrexate at the highest dose of rofecoxib tested (50 mg). It was concluded that rofecoxib at doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg once daily has no effect on the plasma concentrations or renal clearance (tested at the highest dose of rofecoxib) of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Dose proportionality of oral etoricoxib, a highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, in healthy volunteers.

To assess dose proportionality of etoricoxib across the anticipated clinical dose range, a single panel of 12 healthy subjects was administered single oral doses of etoricoxib of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 120 mg in an open, two-part, five-period crossover study. Plasma samples were collected aftereach dose and analyzed for etoricoxib concentrations. The pharmacokinetics of etoricoxib appear to be linear over the entire dose range examined, from 5 to 120 mg. Etoricoxib was found to be well tolerated across the 5 to 120 mg dose range.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of lorazepam after intranasal, intravenous, and intramuscular administration.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of intranasal lorazepam in comparison to currently established administration routes. Eleven healthy volunteers completed this randomized crossover study. On three occasions, each separated by a 1-week washout, subjects received a 2 mg dose of lorazepam via the intranasal, intravenous, or intramuscular route. Blood samples were collected serially from 0 to 36 hours. Noncompartmental methods were used to determine pharmacokinetic parameters. Lorazepam was well absorbed following intranasal administration with a mean (%CV) bioavailability of 77.7(11.1). Intranasal administration resulted in a faster absorption rate than intramuscular administration. Elimination profiles were comparable between all three routes. The concentration-time profile for intranasal delivery demonstrated evidence of a double peak in several subjects, suggesting partial oral absorption. Females were found to have significantly higher AUC values than males for all three delivery routes. Overall, this study demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetics of intranasal lorazepam in relation to standard administration methods. Intranasal delivery could provide an alternative, noninvasive delivery route for lorazepam.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2001

Infusible platelet membranes retain partial functionality of the platelet GPIb/IX/V receptor complex.

Infusible platelet membranes (IPMs) prepared from fresh or outdated human platelets have been shown to correct prolonged bleeding times in thrombocytopenic rabbits. In previous trials, IPMs did not seem to be immunogenic and lacked dose-limiting toxicity. The present study was undertaken to explore whether the platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib/IX/V complex might retain functionality in the IPM preparation. IPMs did not spontaneously bind von Willebrand factor (vWF), but saturable binding could be induced by ristocetin, with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.31 +/- 0.03 microgram/mL at 1.0 mg/mL of ristocetin. Of 4 anti-GPIb-alpha monoclonal antibodies tested, AN-51 inhibited vWF binding 67.8% +/- 5.8%, whereas AS-2, AS-7, and SZ-2 were ineffective. Maximal vWF binding induced by botrocetin was only 10% to 15% of that observed with ristocetin. Retention of partial functionality of the GPIb/IX/V receptor allowing vWF binding in a modulated manner seems to represent a critical mechanism by which IPMs may provide hemostatic efficacy.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2001

Contextual influences on the internal structure of phonetic categories: a distinction between lexical status and speaking rate.

Previous research has shown that phonetic categories have a graded internal structure that is highly dependent on acoustic-phonetic contextual factors, such as speaking rate; these factors alter not only the location of phonetic category boundaries, but also the location of a category's best exemplars. The purpose of the present investigation, which focused on the voiceless category as specified by voice onset time (VOT), was to determine whether a higher order linguistic contextual factor, lexical status, which is known to alter the location of the voiced-voiceless phonetic category boundary, also alters the location of the best exemplars of the voiceless category. The results indicated that lexical status has a more limited and qualitatively different effect on the category's best exemplars than does the acoustic-phonetic factor of speaking rate. This dissociation is discussed in terms of a production-based account in which perceived best exemplars of a category track contextual variation in speech production.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.

The conditions of DKA and NKH are life-threatening complications of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. They have characteristic clinical and laboratory features. If not treated appropriately, they can result in a high mortality rate of 15% to 28% in DKA and 17% to 50% in NKH.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis↗
PubMed2001

Tolerance towards explosives, and explosives removal from groundwater in treatment wetland mesocosms.

A short-term study was performed to determine the feasibility of using constructed wetlands to remove explosives from groundwater, and to assess accumulation of parent explosives compounds and their known degradation compounds in wetland plants. Tolerance towards explosives in submersed and emergent plants was screened over a range of 0 to 40 mg L(-1). Tolerance varied per compound, with TNT evoking the highest, 2NT the lowest, and 24DNT, 26DNT, and RDX an intermediate growth reducing effect. Submersed plants were more sensitive to TNT than emergent ones. A small-scale 4-month field study was carried out at the Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant, Chattanooga, TN. In this surface-flow, modular system, the influent contained high levels (>2.1 mg L(-1)) of TNT, 2,4DNT, 2,6DNT, 2NT, 3NT, and 4NT, and the HRT was 7 days. The performance criteria of US EPA treatment goals for local discharge of 2,4DNT concentration <0.32 mg L(-1), and 26DNT concentration <0.55 mg L(-1) were not met at the end of the experiment, although explosives levels were greatly reduced. Low levels of 2ADNT and 4ADNT were transiently observed in the plant biomass. Results of two other, older, constructed wetlands, however, indicated that in these systems treatment goals were met most of the time, residues of explosives parent compounds and known degradation compounds in plant tissues were low and/or transient, and in substrates were low.

Biomass↗