Mimotope/anti-mimotope probing of structural relationships in platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha.
A bacteriophage library displaying random decapeptides was used to characterize the binding preference of C-34, a monoclonal antibody originally raised against platelet-type von Willebrand disease platelets heterozygous for the mutation 23OWKQ (G --> V)233V234 in the alpha chain of glycoprotein Ib (GPIb alpha). Three rounds of biopanning C-34 against the library resulted in striking convergence upon the sequence WNWRYREYV. Since no portion of this sequence corresponds to a recognizable peptide sequence within human platelet GPIb alpha, it may be considered a "mimotope" of the naturally occurring C-34 epitope, presumably bearing similarity to it in three-dimensional structure. Synthetic AWNWRYREYV peptide preincubated with C-34 fully neutralized the ability of C-34 to inhibit platelet aggregation, with an IC50 of approximately 6 microg/ml. When biotinylated AWNWRYREYV was subsequently bioparmed against the original decapeptide library, the sole clone demonstrating inhibitory activity above background level in a functional platelet assay displayed the sequence RHVAWWRQGV, and chemically synthesized peptide fully inhibited ristocetin-induced aggregation, with an IC50 of 200-400 microg/ml. Synthesized RHVAWWKQGV peptide exerted only slight inhibition, whereas RHVAWWKQVV peptide showed potent inhibitory activity. Moreover, whereas synthesized wild-type 228YVWKQGVDVK237 GPIb alpha peptide was virtually without inhibitory activity, the 228YVWKQ(G -->V) 233VDVK237 peptide fully inhibited ristocetin-induced aggregation, with an IC50 of approximately 400 microg/ml. These studies raise the possibility of an intramolecular association of peptide regions within GPIb alpha that may play a role in the regulation of von Willebrand factor-dependent platelet aggregation.