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Biomedical subjects

J L Madsen

Publications and source records attributed to J L Madsen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Gallbladder emptying and cholecystokinin response to fish oil and trioleate ingestion.

The aim of the present study was to compare gallbladder emptying, gastric emptying and release of cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin and secretin after intragastric administration of fish oil and trioleate. After intravenous injection of 99mTc-HIDA, 30 ml of a lipid labelled with 111In was administered through a gastric tube. Using dual scintigraphy with two markers, gallbladder and gastric emptying were measured simultaneously for 120 min. Plasma concentrations of gastrin, secretin and CCK, were determined throughout the period. The emptying of the gallbladder was reduced by 27% and the release of CCK by 85% after fish oil as compared with trioleate. Gastric emptying as well as the release of gastrin and secretin were similar after the two types of fat. The results suggest that the reduced gallbladder emptying after fish oil may be due to a smaller release of CCK.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Relationship between small-intestinal transit rate and intestinal absorption of (14)C-labelled mannitol and (51)Cr-labelled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in healthy subjects.

BACKGROUND: Although the small-intestinal transit rate is generally considered to influence the urinary excretion of markers of intestinal permeability, no study has until now formally addressed the importance of this influence in humans. METHODS: Ten healthy subjects ingested a test solution containing (99m)Tc-labelled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ((99)mTc-DTPA), (14)C-labelled mannitol ((14)C-mannitol), and (51)Cr-labelled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ((51)Cr-EDTA). After ingestion, the small-intestinal transit rate of (99)mTc-DTPA was measured with the gamma camera technique. Urine was collected for time periods of 0-2 h, 2-4 h, and 4-6 h to measure the excretion of absorbed (14)C-mannitol and (51)Cr-EDTA. Moreover, the distribution volume and plasma clearance of (14)C-mannitol and (51)Cr-EDTA were determined in each subject. RESULTS: A positive correlation was found between mean small-intestinal transit time and 0- to 6-h urinary excretion of (14)C-mannitol. The study did not show any correlation between small-intestinal transit rate and 0- to 6-h urinary excretion of (51)Cr-EDTA. Urinary excretion of neither (14)C-mannitol nor (51)Cr-EDTA was affected by distribution volume or urine volume. A positive correlation was observed between plasma clearance and 0- to 6-h urinary excretion of (14)C-mannitol, whereas plasma clearance did not influence the urinary excretion of (51)Cr-EDTA. CONCLUSIONS: Small-intestinal transit rate seems to have a significant effect on 0- to 6-h urinary excretion of (14)C-mannitol, whereas small intestinal transit rate does not influence the timed urinary excretion of (51)Cr-EDTA.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Gastrointestinal transit times of radiolabeled meal in progressive systemic sclerosis.

Gastrointestinal transit times were measured in 12 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. The CREST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia) was found in all patients. None of the patients reported complaints referable to specific gastric, small intestinal, or colonic involvement. The patient group had an increased mean gastric emptying time of 99mTc-labeled cellulose fiber when compared with 16 healthy controls [1.17 (0.89-1.38) hr [median (range)] vs 0.84 (0.56-1.88) hr; P less than 0.02], whereas mean gastric emptying time of 2- to 3-mm 111In-labeled plastic particles was unaffected [1.86 (0.99-2.74) hr vs 1.50 (0.92-2.51) hr; NS]. No difference was observed in mean small intestinal transit time of cellulose fiber [4.33 (0.50-7.04) hr vs 3.74 (2.09-7.59) hr; NS] or plastic particles [4.21 (2.00-6.25) hr vs 3.53 (1.50-6.70) hr; NS] between patients and controls. The patient group had an increased mean colonic transit time of plastic particles [47 (24-116) hr vs 29 (18-46) hr; P less than 0.01]. These findings suggest that asymptomatic delay in gastric emptying and colonic transit is frequent in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of gender, age, and body mass index on gastrointestinal transit times.

This study aimed to assess separately the effects of gender, age, and body mass index on gastric emptying, small intestinal transit, and colonic transit times of a meal containing 99mTc-labeled cellulose fiber and 2- to 3-mm 111In-labeled plastic particles. Seventeen healthy young subjects (nine men; eight women; age 21-27 years; body mass index 18.4-25.1 kg/m2) and 16 healthy older subjects (eight men; eight women; age 55-74 years; body mass index 19.8-36.0 kg/m2) were studied. All transit variables were unaffected by gender. The older subjects had a slower mean colonic transit time of radiolabeled plastic particles than the young subjects (P < 0.05). Age did not affect mean gastric emptying or mean small intestinal transit times of the radiolabeled markers. An inverse association was found between body mass index and mean gastric emptying time of radiolabeled cellulose fiber (P < 0.02). Body mass index had no influence on other transit variables. The study revealed a considerable intersubject and a somewhat smaller intrasubject variability in mean gastric emptying, mean small intestinal, and mean colonic transit times.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Scintigraphic determination of gastrointestinal transit times. A comparison with breath hydrogen and radiologic methods.

A scintigraphic method for determination of gastrointestinal transit times was compared with the breath hydrogen test and a multiple-bolus, single-radiograph technique. A close temporal association was found between the caecal appearance of radioactivity and the onset of breath hydrogen excretion in eight healthy subjects. Neither mean small-intestinal nor mean orocaecal transit times of the radiolabelled marker were correlated with the magnitude of hydrogen peak, hydrogen peak time, or the area under hydrogen curve. No correlation was noted between whole-gut transit time of the radiolabelled marker and mean whole-gut transit time calculated from a 6-day administration of the radiopaque marker in 16 healthy subjects. The stool weight was inversely correlated with the mean colonic (r = -0.46, p = 0.009) and the mean whole-gut (r = -0.45, p = 0.011) transit times of the radiolabelled marker. In conclusion, inadequate delineation of the caecal region seems to be an unimportant drawback of the scintigraphic measurements, whereas day-to-day variation in gastrointestinal transit rates may influence the reliability of the assessments. Probably, quantitative transit data cannot be obtained from the breath hydrogen concentration profiles.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of cisapride on gastrointestinal transit in healthy humans.

It was the aim of this study to assess the effects of cisapride on gastrointestinal transit of solids in healthy humans. Twelve men received cisapride 10 mg or placebo orally four times a day in random, double-blind, crossover fashion. Transit measurements were performed with a new gamma camera technique. Cisapride reduced mean gastric emptying time of 99mTc-labeled cellulose fiber [0.77 (0.69-1.12) hr [median (range)] vs 0.98 (0.63-1.95) hr; P less than 0.05] and 1- to 2-mm 111In-labeled plastic particles [1.08 (0.50-1.42) hr vs 1.69 (0.59-3.03) hr; P less than 0.01]. Cisapride also decreased mean small intestinal transit time of cellulose fiber [2.11 (0.80-5.08) hr vs 2.82 (0.78-7.12) hr; P less than 0.05] and plastic particles [2.06 (1.13-5.13) hr vs 2.64 (1.18-7.04) hr; P less than 0.05]. However, cisapride increased mean large intestinal transit time of plastic particles [31 (13-75) hr vs 23 (12-36) hr; P less than 0.05]. In conclusion, oral cisapride 10 mg four times a day accelerates gastric emptying and small intestinal transit whereas this dose of cisapride seems to delay large intestinal transit of solids in healthy humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Tc-99m-MDP scintigraphy not informative in painful total hip arthroplasty.

In 61 painful cemented total hip arthroplasties the diagnostic specificity was 0.7 for plain radiography and 0.46 for scintigraphy. The diagnostic sensitivity was 0.97 for radiography and 0.77 for scintigraphy. False negative radiology occurred in 0.05 and false positive in 0.23. False negative scintigraphy was encountered in 0.27 and false positive in 0.49. Seven of thirty-nine hips were operatively explored because of false positive scintigraphy. In conclusion, Tc-99m-MDP scintigraphy could not used as a complementary diagnostic measure in our hands.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Expectoration in the gastrointestinal tract. A diagnostic problem in In-111 granulocyte scintigraphy.

Scintigraphic detection of infectious foci with In-111 labeled granulocytes or leukocytes is a well-established technique in nuclear medicine. The technique is commonly used to demonstrate inflammatory activity in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Its application, however, may be influenced by infectious expectoration located within the gastrointestinal tract. In performing this technique, it is important to have this differential diagnostic possibility in mind; it can be clarified by repeated imaging.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Human migrating myoelectric complex in relation to gastrointestinal transit of a meal.

Feeding interrupts the migrating myoelectric complex in most mammals. This study aimed to assess whether resumption of the migrating myoelectric complex in the human duodenum after eating was related to the gastrointestinal transit of the meal. Five healthy subjects participated in the study. After eating a radiolabelled test meal consisting of mixed liquid and solids, duodenal myoelectric activity and gastrointestinal transit of the meal were determined simultaneously. In spite of considerable variation in entire gastric emptying time between subjects (range 2.5-5.0 hours), significant correlation was found between the completion of gastric emptying and the resumption of duodenal phase III activity within subjects (p less than 0.01). A new technique for recording the duodenal myoelectric activity was used.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Bone scintigraphy in patients with hip joint prostheses. Use of bone scintigraphy in hip pain after total hip replacement].

A retrospective investigation was undertaken to assess the value of bone scintigraphy with 99mtechnetium methylene-diphosphonate in patients referred with hip pain after total hip replacement. The material comprized 68 patients with a total of 68 prostheses. This review revealed that 10/25 of the patients with pathological scintigrams and 6/28 of the patients with normal scintigrams were submitted to replacement of the prostheses. In the way in which it was carried out and interpreted in this department, scintigraphy was of limited value in selection of the patients who required replacement of the prostheses.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Gastrointestinal scintiscanning: dosimetry.

Calculations of the dosimetry associated with orally administered 99mTc labeled cellulose fibres and 111In labeled plastic particles were performed for adult standard man using MIRD methodology. The applied gastrointestinal transit parameters of these radiopharmaceuticals probably reflect the ranges of these parameters, regarding nondigestible components used for gastrointestinal transit studies. However, the critical organ for both radiopharmaceuticals was the large intestine.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Gastrointestinal transit of technetium-99m-labeled cellulose fiber and indium-111-labeled plastic particles.

We introduce two new nondigestible solid markers for gastrointestinal transit measurements. One is technetium-99m-labeled cellulose fiber [99mTc]CF, the other is indium-111-labeled plastic particles [111In]PP of 2- to 3-mm diameter. In six healthy male volunteers gastric emptying and small intestinal transit of the two markers were obtained simultaneously. Large intestinal transit of [111In]PP was also obtained. Technetium-99m CF had acceptable stability properties in the proximal gastrointestinal segments. Indium-111 PP was almost completely stable in all segments. Mean gastric emptying time was 1.13 +/- 0.24 hr (mean +/- s.d.) for [99mTc]CF and 1.94 +/- 0.78 hr for [111In]PP. The difference was significant (p less than 0.05). Mean small intestinal transit time was 3.85 +/- 0.61 hr (mean +/- s.d.) for [99mTc]CF and 4.03 +/- 0.34 hr for [111In]PP. The difference was not significant (p less than 0.5). Mean large intestinal transit time of [111In]PP was 23 +/- 11 hr (mean +/- s.d.). We also suggest a simple deconvolution principle for the interpretation of the small intestinal and the large intestinal transit data.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Transitest: a technetium-99m labeled marker for determination of gastrointestinal transit. An estimate of the labeling stability.

Transitest is a formulation of pellets which can be labeled with the radioisotope technetium-99m. Transitest has been proposed as a marker for determination of gastrointestinal transit using a gamma camera. The labeling stability was estimated. Isotonic saline, gastric, and intestinal juice were added to labeled pellets from each of three different batches. Later on the activity was measured in the particulate and the liquid phases. One subject ingested a suspension of labeled pellets. Afterwards scintigraphy of the thyroid and the abdominal region was performed. Simultaneously the activity was measured in the collected urine. The labeling was so unstable that Transitest cannot be recommended as a marker if quantitative results are required.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Non-interaction between nifedipine and digoxin.

In order to evaluate a possible interaction between digoxin and nifedipine, we studied steady state digoxin pharmacokinetics before and during oral coadministration of nifedipine in eight healthy subjects. Mean plasma digoxin concentration was 0.68 +/- 0.15 ng/ml during control conditions versus 0.74 +/- 0.13 ng/ml (NS) after two weeks of nifedipine coadministration. Nifedipine caused no significant changes in either renal digoxin clearance (173.6 +/- 25.9 versus 173.1 +/- 33.2 ml/min) or 24-hour urinary recovery of digoxin (164.7 +/- 25.7 versus 183.8 +/- 29.2 micrograms/24 hrs). Our findings support earlier observations that nifedipine coadministration is not associated with any significant alteration of digoxin pharmacokinetics.

Adult↗