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Biomedical subjects

J L Lyon

Publications and source records attributed to J L Lyon.

106 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The rising frequency of hysterectomy: its effect on uterine cancer rates.

The number of hysterectomies performed in the United States increased approximately 60% between 1965 and 1973, far in excess of population growth. This has altered the population at risk for uterine malignancies, and published incidence rates do not correct for this effect. Using US data, the authors developed correction factors to estimate the actual population at risk, and they applied them to uterine cancer rates. Correction for hysterectomy increased incidence and mortality rates for uterine cancer by 20-45% in any year and changes the time trend by as much as 30% from 1960 to 1973. This effect was greater for endometrial than cervical cancer, and future studies on uterine cancer occurrence should consider prevalence of hysterectomized women in the population.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Cancer incidence in Mormons and non-Mormons in Utah, 1966-1970.

Between 1950 and 1969 cancer mortality in white Utah residents was 22 per cent less than that in the entire United States population. The religion of 72 per cent of the State residents (Mormon) proscribes use of tobacco and alcohol. We therefore analyzed the 10,641 cases of cancer identified in Utah from 1966 to 1970 and compared the incidence found in Utah Mormons, in Utah non-Mormons, and in a national survey. Comparison of Utah Mormons with non-Mormons showed that Mormons had a lower incidence of all cancers associated with cigarette smoking (P less than 0.00001). Mormon females had a low incidence of cancer of the breast (P = 0.008), uterine cervix (P less than 0.00001), and ovary (P = 0.04); Mormon males had a lower incidence of stomach cancers (P = 0.003). These findings addevidence to the association between cigarette smoking and certain cancers, but leave unexplained the significant differences between Mormons and non-Mormons for incidence of cancer of the breast, cervix, prostate and nervous system.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1975

Proportional mortality among alcoholics.

To test the hypothesis that there is a positive association between chronic alcoholism and carcinoma of the pancreas, the mortality experience of 1382 chronic alcoholics was studied. Analysis was limited to a comparison of observed and expected proportional mortality of different causes of death in the 894 whites who were known to have died. For carcinoma of the pancreas, 3 deaths were observed and 5.2 were expected. The observed/expected ratios for other causes of death, including other sites of cancer, were in accordance with prior studies.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1975

Effect of Gibberellic Acid, Kinetin, and Ethylene plus Carbon Dioxide on the Thermodormancy of Lettuce Seed (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Mesa 659).

The effects of gibberellic acid and kinetin with ethylene plus carbon dioxide on the thermodormancy of lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Mesa 659) at 35 C in the dark were studied. The combination of gibberellic acid plus kinetin with ethylene plus carbon dioxide was most effective in overcoming thermodormancy in these Great Lakes type seeds, alleviating any induced light requirement. Gibberellic acid action required at least a minimal level of ethylene plus carbon dioxide. Kinetin action was independent of ethylene plus carbon dioxide but interacted with the gases when the gases were added. A schematic representation of the interaction is presented.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Variation in the diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infections and otitis media in an urgent medical care practice.

BACKGROUND: Variation among hospitalized medical conditions have been reported previously, but there is little information on variation among physicians for medical conditions that constitute a substantial part of ambulatory care. OBJECTIVE: To measure variation in the diagnosis of 2 common medical conditions, otitis media (OM) and upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) in an urgent care practice. DESIGN: Estimate the variation in the incidence of new diagnoses of OM and URIs among 19 physicians working at 2 urgent care clinics between January 1, 1995, and March 31, 1995. Patients are seen in order of arrival, and assignment to each physician is random. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Two urgent care clinics staffed by the same 19 physicians. During the 3-month study period, 21,259 patients were seen at the 2 clinics; of these, 1839 (8.65%) received a diagnosis of first time OM; and 8020 (37.73%), of an URI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence of new diagnoses of OM and URI estimated as a proportion of all diagnoses for each individual physician. RESULTS: There was substantial variation between physicians in the diagnosis of OM, ranging from a low of 4.2% to a high of 21.8%. There was less variation in the diagnosis of URI (31.7%-48.4%). Some physicians with a low incidence of OM or URI diagnoses had increased the proportion of diagnoses in the other diagnostic category. For OM the variation was greatest for children younger than age 5 years, but substantial variation was also found in adults. For URIs the variation was more uniform across all age groups. The variation was not explained by type of specialty training or years in medical practice. CONCLUSIONS: There is substantial variation between physicians in their diagnosis of OM and URI in an urgent care setting. This variation has implications for cost of diagnosing and treating these conditions, the training of physicians, and our understanding of the treatment of OM.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age and smoking-adjusted lung cancer incidence in a Utah county with a steel mill.

In a recent study of urban air pollution, a Utah county with a steel mill was compared with a county without a steel mill. The result was that 38% of respiratory cancer deaths could be attributed to the air pollution emanating from the mill. Rates for smoking in this previous study were not adjusted, but assumed rats were similar in both counties. We used smoking information obtained from an ongoing radon and lung cancer case-control study to adjust for smoking, and no difference was found in incidence rates of respiratory cancer in the county with the steel mill, compared with the other urban counties and the rural counties among male and female nonsmokers and male smokers. There was a slight excess of lung cancer among female smokers in the county with the steel mill when compared with the other urban counties (rate ratio [RR] = 1.3, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.0-1.6), but there was no effect in nonsmoking women. We conclude that the findings of the previous study can be explained by differences in smoking rates between the county with the steel mill and the other counties.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebrovascular disease in Utah, 1968--1971.

Utah mortality rates for cerebrovascular disease (ICD numbers 430--438) are 13% below U.S. rates. About 70% of Utahns are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, commonly called Mormons of LDS, which proscribes use of tobacco and alcohol. Other studies on this group have found significantly lower occurrence of many cancers and ischemic heart disease. We tested the hypothesis that Utah's lower cerebrovascular disease (CBVD) mortality was contributed by the LDS population. We classified by religion all CBVD deaths (2,521) (except subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral embolism) occurring in the state in 1968--1971. No significant difference was found between LDS and non-LDS, but both groups had mortality rates below U.S. expectation. Although recent studies have reported smoking to be a risk factor for CBVD, we found no consistent difference between the LDS and non-LDS, even in the younger age groups. The results do not support the hypothesis that tobacco is an important etiologic agent in CBVD mortality.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dietary intake as a risk factor for cancer of the exocrine pancreas.

Data from 149 cases with pancreatic cancer and 363 control subjects in Utah were obtained from proxy respondents to assess the associations between dietary intake and the development of pancreatic cancer. After adjusting for cigarette smoking status and alcohol and coffee consumption, we observed that foods containing large amounts of fat from all sources increased risk of pancreatic cancer in men [odds ratio (OR), 3.41; 95% CI, 1.59-7.29]. Further division of fat by source of food showed that high intake of bacon and sausages (OR for upper tertile, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.34-5.72) as well as large intakes of fatty foods other than meat or dairy products (OR for upper tertile, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.33-5.89) increased risk of pancreatic cancer in men; high levels of intake of red meat, chicken, fish, and dairy foods did not increase risk of pancreatic cancer in either men or women. In women, fat from nonmeat and nondairy sources also increased risk of pancreatic cancer (OR for upper tertile, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.35-8.78). Although no protective effect was observed among men who consumed large amounts of fruits, vegetables, or high fiber foods, we did observe a protective effect in women for these foods (OR for upper tertile of fruit consumption, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18-0.81; OR for upper tertile of vegetable consumption, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.13-0.74; and OR for upper tertile of fiber consumption, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.12-0.67). Findings from this study support the hypothesis that diets high in fat contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗