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Biomedical subjects

J L Lange

Publications and source records attributed to J L Lange.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Effectiveness of bisphosphonates on nonvertebral and hip fractures in the first year of therapy: the risedronate and alendronate (REAL) cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Randomized clinical trials have shown that risedronate and alendronate reduce fractures among women with osteoporosis. The aim of this observational study was to observe, in clinical practice, the incidence of hip and nonvertebral fractures among women in the year following initiation of once-a-week dosing of either risedronate or alendronate. METHODS: Using records of health service utilization from July 2002 through September 2004, we created two cohorts: women (ages 65 and over) receiving risedronate (n = 12,215) or alendronate (n = 21,615). Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to compare the annual incidence of nonvertebral fractures and of hip fractures between cohorts, adjusting for potential differences in risk factors for fractures. RESULTS: There were 507 nonvertebral fractures and 109 hip fractures. Through one year of therapy, the incidence of nonvertebral fractures in the risedronate cohort (2.0%) was 18% lower (95% CI 2% - 32%) than in the alendronate cohort (2.3%). The incidence of hip fractures in the risedronate cohort (0.4%) was 43% lower (95% CI 13% - 63%) than in the alendronate cohort (0.6%). These results were consistent across a number of sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: Patients receiving risedronate have lower rates of hip and nonvertebral fractures during their first year of therapy than patients receiving alendronate.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Injuries in the Iowa Certified Safe Farm Study.

The aims of this article are to assess injury characteristics and risk factors in the Iowa Certified Safe Farm (CSF) program and to evaluate the effectiveness of CSF for reducing injuries. This intervention program includes a health screening, on-farm safety review, education, and monetary incentives. Cohorts of farmers in an intervention group (n = 152) and control group (n = 164) in northwestern Iowa were followed for a three-year period. During the follow-up, there were 318 injuries (42/100 person-years), of which 112 (15/100 person-years) required professional medical care. The monetary cost of injuries was $51,764 ($68 per farm per year). There were no differences in the self-reported injury rates and costs between the intervention and control groups. Raising livestock, poor general health, and exposures to dust and gas, noise, chemicals and pesticides, and lifting were among risk factors for injury. Most injuries in this study were related to animals, falls from elevation, slips/trips/falls, being struck by or struck against objects, lifting, and overexertion. Machinery was less prominent than generally reported in the literature. Hurry, fatigue, or stress were mentioned as the primary contributing factor in most injuries. These findings illustrate the need for new interventions to address a multitude of hazards in the farm work environment as well as management and organization of farm work.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2001

The nature, incidence, and impact of eye injuries among US military personnel: implications for prevention.

OBJECTIVES: To assess incidence rates of eye injuries in the US Armed Forces and to identify demographic and occupational correlates of risk. DESIGN: Retrospective population-based study. SETTING: US military medical facilities worldwide. PARTICIPANTS: All individuals in the US Armed Forces during 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence rates of hospitalizations and ambulatory visits for eye injuries. RESULTS: The incidence rate of ambulatory visits (983 per 100 000 person-years) for eye injuries was 58 times higher than the incidence rate of hospitalizations (17 per 100 000 person-years) for eye injuries. Orbital floor fractures, contusions, and open wounds to the ocular adnexa and orbit accounted for 85% of eye injuries resulting in hospitalization, while 80% of ambulatory visits were for superficial wounds and foreign bodies. Hospitalization rates varied widely across demographic subgroups. Men had twice the incidence rate as women, and the youngest age group (17-24 years) had 6 times the incidence rate of the oldest age group (35-65 years). Together, motor vehicle crashes and fights caused nearly half of the hospitalizations. Ambulatory rates varied significantly in relation to occupation but not to demography. Tradespeople (eg, metal body machinist, welder, and metalworker) had incidence rates 3 to 4 times higher than the overall population rate. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalization and ambulatory data provide different views of the morbidity associated with eye injuries. General safety precautions and behavior modification, rather than eye-specific interventions, are indicated to prevent the most serious eye injuries. However, the consistent use of eye protection during known hazardous occupational activities could prevent much of the morbidity associated with the less serious, yet more common, eye injuries.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1997

Application of flow cytometry and fluorescent in situ hybridization for assessment of exposures to airborne bacteria.

Current limitations in the methodology for enumeration and identification of airborne bacteria compromise the precision and accuracy of bioaerosol exposure assessment. In this study, flow cytometry and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were evaluated for the assessment of exposures to airborne bacteria. Laboratory-generated two-component bioaerosols in exposures chambers and complex native bioaerosols in swine barns were sampled with two types of liquid impingers (all-glass impinger-30 and May 3-stage impinger). Aliquots of collection media were processed and enumerated by a standard culture technique, microscopy, or flow cytometry after nucleic acid staining with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and identified taxonomically by FISH. DAPI-labeled impinger samples yielded comparable estimates of bioaerosol concentrations when enumerated by microscopy or flow cytometry. The standard culture method underestimated bioaerosol concentrations by 2 orders of magnitude when compared to microscopy or flow cytometry. In the FISH method, aliquots of collection media were incubated with a probe universally complementary to eubacteria, a probe specific for several Pseudomonas species, and a probe complementary to eubacteria for detection of nonspecific binding. With these probes, FISH allowed quantitative identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli bioaerosols in the exposure chamber without measurable nonspecific binding. Impinger samples from the swine barn demonstrated the efficacy of the FISH method for the identification of eubacteria in a complex organic dust. This work demonstrates the potential of emerging molecular techniques to complement traditional methods of bioaerosol exposure assessment.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1994

Bioaerosol sampling in field studies: can samples be express mailed?

Bioaerosol sampling for viable microorganisms was conducted in 25 dairy barns in summer and in winter to examine the relationship of sample storage and shipping in determining bioaerosol concentrations separately for yeasts, molds, mesophilic bacteria, and thermophilic organisms. The study also compared the performance of three sampling methods--(1) all-glass impinger (AGI) used with peptone solution in both seasons and (2) betaine solution in winter; and (3) the nuclepore filtration and elution (NFE) method, using air filtration with subsequent elution and culturing--which were studied in a pairwise fashion with duplicate, simultaneous, side-by-side sampling. For each sample, one duplicate was analyzed within two hours in a laboratory less than 50 km from the sampling site, while the other was express-mailed to the authors' laboratory. Concentrations of all microorganisms measured by the AGI peptone method were unaffected by mailing in winter, but mesophilic bacteria increased in summer. AGI betaine samples were unchanged except for increased concentrations of molds after mailing in winter. Yeasts and mesophilic bacteria significantly decreased after mailing of NFE samples. Pairwise comparison of the sampling methods in winter yielded no significant differences in airborne concentrations for the yeasts, mesophilic bacteria, and thermophilic bacteria. Both AGI betaine and NFE methods had significantly greater concentrations of molds than AGI peptone. In summer, concentrations of yeasts and mesophilic bacteria were significantly greater with AGI peptone, as were molds with the NFE method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1988

Eleven years of experience with the inflatable penile prosthesis.

The 11-year experience with 395 consecutive patients in whom an inflatable prosthesis was implanted for the treatment of chronic erectile impotence is reported. Among these patients the most common etiology was vascular disease, followed by diabetes mellitus and radical pelvic surgery. The original American Medical Systems prosthesis with PPT cylinders shows a 61 per cent complication and revision rate with followup from 3 to 11 years. The newer inflatable prostheses manufactured since 1983 have needed revision in only 13 per cent of the patients followed to 4 years. Salvage procedures and increased product reliability have resulted in 97 per cent of the patients being satisfied. Five types of inflatable prostheses are compared and advantages are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Changes in amount and intracellular distribution of androgen receptor in human foreskin as a function of age.

To provide insight into the factors that control growth of the penis we measured the amount and intracellular distribution of specific high affinity androgen receptor in foreskins obtained at circumcision from 49 males varying in age from newborn to 59 yr. Total (cytosolic plus nuclear extract) androgen receptor decreased from approximately 40 fmol/g tissue weight in newborn foreskins to approximately 25 fmol/g by 1 yr of age. The amount of receptor rose in childhood to approximately 180 fmol/g in the late teenage years and fell thereafter to approximately 20-40 fmol/g in men older than 40 yr. The amount of receptor in the nuclear fraction increased at the time of puberty and subsequently decreased in parallel with the decline in total receptor level. These changes in androgen-receptor amount are similar when expressed per milligram DNA or per milligram protein.

Age Factors↗