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Biomedical subjects

J L Jones

Publications and source records attributed to J L Jones.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Physician and infection control practitioner HIV/AIDS reporting characteristics.

We surveyed a random sample of South Carolina physicians and infection control practitioners about the reporting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases. Of physicians surveyed, 79% indicated that HIV infection as well as AIDS should be reported by name. The following characteristics were associated with those physicians who do not report AIDS cases: not feeling responsible for reporting, not reporting a case perceived to have been reported in another state, believing that information required for reporting is not on the chart, and residing in an urban setting. Targeted education can address these underreporting factors.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Therefore be it resolved: 25 years of Delegate Assembly/Representative Assembly legislation.

In 1965, the power to legislate the affairs of the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) passed from the Board of Management to the newly created Delegate Assembly. AOTA's progress in the 25-year period from 1965 to 1990 can be traced by studying the resolutions deliberated upon by that Assembly and its successor, the Representative Assembly. Of interest historically are not only the resolutions passed, but those defeated as well, because all indicate concern for the issues of the times in which the resolutions originated. This paper discusses certain trends that became evident, such as health care legislation concerns, strategic planning, the position of the certified occupational therapy assistant in AOTA, standards in practice and research, and advanced education. It emphasizes such issues as membership fees, continuing competency and continuing education, recruitment and personnel, and specialization.

Constitution and Bylaws↗
PubMed1992

Epidemiology of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in South Carolina, 1985-1990.

By analyzing three different sources of data including DHEC reported cases, hospital discharge data, and death certificates, our study reveals that RMSF is endemic in South Carolina particularly in the Piedmont area and that underreporting of RMSF in South Carolina is likely. The incidence and case fatality rates of RMSF derived from hospital discharge data are higher than these rates derived from cases reported to DHEC. Physicians should be aware of the endemicity of RMSF in South Carolina and should include it in the differential diagnosis of any case of fever of unknown origin especially during the spring and summer seasons regardless of the history of a tick bite.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

In vitro modulation of cellular localization of milk fat globule membrane antigens in human breast carcinomas.

Alterations in the cellular localization of cell surface components such as the milk fat globule membrane are a common feature of breast carcinomas and relate to the differentiation of a tumour. This study has examined the potential modulation of such components. A group of carcinomas were cultured with and without insulin and/or hydrocortisone and the site of staining for milk fat globule membrane, as detected by the antibodies HMFG 1, HMFG 2, and NCRC 11, was assessed using light microscopic and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. Modulation of localization, with a shift from cytoplasmic vesicle labelling to submembraneous vesicles/cell surface labelling and intracytoplasmic luminal labelling, was observed in 5 of 14 moderately differentiated and 8 of 11 poorly differentiated carcinomas. Two well differentiated carcinomas continued to show peripheral labelling; three poorly differentiated carcinomas showed no change from cytoplasmic labelling only; and the other carcinomas exhibited heterogeneous localization, making any change difficult to assess. Insulin was required for any change to be observed and it is suggested that this has an effect on the mechanisms for intracellular transport of membrane and secretory proteins.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1991

HIV-related characteristics of migrant workers in rural South Carolina.

After finding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a migrant worker named as a syphilis contact, the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control offered HIV counseling and testing and syphilis screening to migrant workers in the surrounding two-county area. In addition, a brief questionnaire was administered to document demographics and risk behavior. Of the 265 workers aged 16 and older in 15 migrant camps, 198 (75%) consented to the survey and testing. Of the 198 tested, 85% were male and 75% single. The median age was 39, with a range of 16 to 69 years. Twenty-five (13%) were HIV antibody positive, and 32 (16%) had reactive serologic tests for syphilis. Of the 166 workers who reported the frequency of condom use, 77 (46%) indicated they never use condoms. We conclude that there is a relatively high rate of HIV infection in these rural South Carolina migrant workers, whose behavior puts them at risk for HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Conditioning prepulse of biphasic defibrillator waveforms enhances refractoriness to fibrillation wavefronts.

The mechanism of biphasic waveform defibrillation threshold reduction is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that, during refractory period stimulation, sarcolemmal hyperpolarization by the first pulse of biphasic waveforms facilitates excitation channel recovery, which enhances graded responses produced by the second depolarizing pulse. This prolongs cellular refractoriness to fibrillation wavefronts when compared with a monophasic depolarizing stimulus. Monophasic (10 msec, rectangular wave) or symmetrical biphasic (10 msec, each pulse) current injection S2 stimuli at 1.5 and two times S1 threshold were used to scan the S1 action potential refractory period (S1 cycle length, 600 msec) in myocardial cell aggregates. S2 waveforms were delivered with normal and reversed polarity to test the hyperpolarizing action of biphasic waveforms. Responses to an S3 stimulus, which simulated a potential incoming fibrillation wavefront, were also determined. Results showed that biphasic S2 waveforms produced longer graded responses during and immediately after the S1 refractory period than did corresponding monophasic S2 waveforms. The maximum difference in response duration produced by the biphasic and monophasic waveforms was 58.6 +/- 10.0 msec (p less than 0.001). This maximum difference occurred 10 msec before the end of the S1 refractory period. The longer response durations produced by biphasic S2 also produced longer refractoriness to the S3 stimulus. The maximum difference in total refractoriness to S3 of 51.8 +/- 2.8 msec (p less than 0.002) occurred at the same S1S2 coupling interval as the maximum difference in S2 response duration. Prolonged refractoriness may protect ventricular cells from refibrillation wavefronts and act as the cellular basis for greater biphasic waveform defibrillation efficacy.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Human exposure to rabies from pet wild raccoons in South Carolina and West Virginia, 1987 through 1988.

During 1987 and 1988, exposures to eight pet wild raccoons in South Carolina and West Virginia resulted in administration of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis to 19 children and 26 adults. All eight raccoons appeared normal at the time of capture, and three had no signs of illness when sacrificed. The direct medical cost resulting from these exposures was $23,714 ($527 per person). Regulations and public education may help decrease this type of rabies exposure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Lyme disease in South Carolina.

Lyme disease is present in South Carolina, though not as prevalent as in many other states in the country. The characteristics of South Carolina cases are similar to those of the nation as a whole. The tick vector of Lyme disease in the Southeast is not clearly established, but is thought to be Ixodes scapularis. Questions remain concerning the prevalence of infection in local ticks with Borrelia burgdorferi, and the risk to a person bitten by a tick in South Carolina.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Partner acceptance of health department notification of HIV exposure, South Carolina.

To determine the acceptability of health department notification of sex and needle-sharing partners of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we administered an anonymous questionnaire to partners notified of their exposure to HIV during the previous 2 years. Of the 202 partners notified, 132 (65%) were locatable and completed the questionnaire. Only 12 (9%) thought they may have been exposed to HIV before health department notification. When the 132 partners were asked if they thought the health department did the right thing in telling them about their exposure, 87% responded "yes;" when asked if the health department should keep notifying persons exposed to HIV, 92% responded "yes." Responses were similar for homosexual-bisexual men, heterosexuals, and intravenous drug users; men and women; and whites and blacks. We conclude that health department notification is acceptable to persons exposed to HIV in this rural South Carolina district.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Increasing fibrillation duration enhances relative asymmetrical biphasic versus monophasic defibrillator waveform efficacy.

Biphasic waveforms reduce defibrillation threshold compared with corresponding monophasic waveforms. However, effects of fibrillation duration on relative efficacy of monophasic and biphasic waveforms are unknown. This study used a newly developed defibrillation model, the isolated right- and left-sided working rabbit heart, with epicardial defibrillation electrodes, to compare threshold for a monophasic waveform (5 msec rectangular) and an asymmetrical biphasic waveform (5 msec each pulse, V2 = 50% V1). Mean voltage defibrillation threshold (V50) was determined from sigmoidal probability of successful defibrillation versus shock intensity curves after 5, 15, and 30 seconds of fibrillation in a paired study with 10 hearts. Results showed that biphasic waveforms had significantly lower voltage and energy thresholds at all fibrillation durations and that their relative efficacy improved with increasing fibrillation duration. Biphasic voltage threshold was 38.2 +/- 2.2, 44.7 +/- 4.8, and 46.6 +/- 3.2 V after 5, 15, and 30 seconds of fibrillation compared with monophasic thresholds of 51.7 +/- 4.4 (p less than 0.002), 63.0 +/- 7.6 (p less than 0.05), and 72.1 +/- 3.9 V (p less than 0.005). Biphasic waveform energy threshold was 0.67 that for the monophasic waveform after 5 seconds of fibrillation (0.12 +/- 0.01 versus 0.18 +/- 0.03 J, p less than 0.05). The ratio between biphasic waveform threshold and monophasic waveform threshold (B/M) decreased to 0.62 at 15 seconds. At 30 seconds, B/M was 0.52 (0.17 +/- 0.02 versus 0.33 +/- 0.04 J, p less than 0.02). This study also showed that biphasic waveform threshold was a nonlinear function of monophasic waveform threshold so that improved biphasic defibrillator waveform efficacy was greatest for hearts having higher monophasic thresholds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

An immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization study of c-myc and c-erbB-2 expression in primary human breast carcinomas.

In previous studies of the expression and organization of proto-oncogenes in human breast a significant correlation has been found between amplification of c-myc and c-erbB-2 genes in carcinomas and poor short-term prognosis. Gene expression was estimated by analysis of total RNA from tissues, and similarly assessment of gene organization relied upon extraction of DNA from tissues. The present study has compared the expression of c-myc and c-erbB-2 mRNA as determined by in situ hybridization, and c-myc and c-erbB-2 protein expression detected by immunohistochemistry in a group of carcinomas for which there was knowledge of genomic organization and/or expression. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of 38 carcinomas were assessed for the presence of c-myc protein, and 13 of these were examined for c-myc mRNA by in situ hybridization. Similarly processed tissue from 14 tumours was tested for c-erbB-2 protein using the antiserum 21N and ten of these carcinomas studied for c-erbB-2 mRNA localization. There was a good correlation between gene amplification, the presence of c-erbB-2 protein and mRNA: both the latter were detected in six of the seven carcinomas with an amplification but in none without. For some carcinomas there was a good correlation between c-myc protein and mRNA levels. Three carcinomas with gene amplification had a lower percentage of cells with detectable protein than showed hybridization for mRNA. Other carcinomas had a lower level of mRNA expression than protein. Neither approach could predict which carcinomas had amplification of the c-myc gene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

The effect of temporomandibular joint arthroscopy on ear function.

Many patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction also complain of subjective symptoms of ear dysfunction. This study was undertaken to evaluate preoperatively patients with ear complaints associated with TMJ pain and dysfunction and to examine the effect of essentially uncomplicated TMJ arthroscopy on subsequent ear function. Fourteen patients (22 joints) were examined arthroscopically. The patients were evaluated by an otologist, and hearing tests were obtained pre- and post-operatively. All patients had normal audiometric studies preoperatively, and these remained unchanged postoperatively. It was concluded that uncomplicated arthroscopy of the TMJ does not cause ear dysfunction.

Adult↗