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Biomedical subjects

J L Gray

Publications and source records attributed to J L Gray.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Antibiotic cost savings from formulary restrictions and physician monitoring in a medical-school-affiliated hospital.

Strictly enforced formulary restrictions for aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, and a vancomycin group generated combined savings of $2.61 (p less than 0.0046) per antibiotic day and $34,597 (p less than 0.0003) per month. Even after some cost increases (not significant) in new and other antibiotics, the program saved $1.33 (p less than 0.0175) per antibiotic day and $24,620 (p less than 0.0311) per month for all antibiotics. The pharmacy's 1985 average cost per antibiotic day and its monthly expenditures were $18.45 and $199,003, respectively. In the months following the formulary restrictions, no significant detrimental changes occurred in hospital length of stay or mortality. A retrospective analysis of 322 patients with bacteremia treated before and after the onset of the controls revealed that antibiotics were more appropriately used afterwards.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1984

Endocrine induction of intermale aggression in mice: a comparison of hormonal regimens and their relationship to naturally occurring behavior.

The level of intermale-like fighting behavior induced in female mice by various regimens of gonadal hormones known to establish aggression was compared. Regardless of whether the animals were exposed to testosterone propionate on the day of birth, the highest aggression scores were observed following chronic testosterone exposure in adult life. Females so treated also exhibited significantly more aggression than intact males. The least effective regimen was neonatal exposure to estradiol benzoate followed by long-term exposure of the adult to testosterone. Lastly, while castrated adult males were less likely to display aggressive behavior, those that fought did so at a level comparable to that of intact males.

Aggression↗
PubMed1984

Topographic classification of deformities of the alveolar process.

A system of nomenclature for deformities of the alveolar process is presented. Descriptive, familiar topographic terms are used (crater, trench, moat, ramp and plane), and specific criteria are given for each term. Two hundred randomly selected osseous deformities in dry skulls were classified by two examiners at independent sessions using the proposed system. One hundred ninety of these defects were given identical descriptions. The nomenclature system is proposed to facilitate communication among practitioners concerning osseous deformities of the alveolar process, as well as to permit comparison of the effectiveness of various therapeutic modalities directed toward bone regeneration in periodontics.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1984

Leadership demands a servant heart.

It takes much more than knowledge to become an outstanding leader today. Authoritative, moral, and sacrificial leadership must be evident in performance, and although increasingly uncommon in our society, involvement with our fellow human beings must go far beyond getting along with others. The true leader must have faith in the unlimited capacities of man, and be loyal, enthusiastic, and absolutely honest. Perhaps above all, he must be willing to pay the price of his position: he must serve his employees, not rule.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1981

Childhood sexual identity, childhood religiosity, and "homophobia" as influences in the development of transsexualism, homosexuality, and heterosexuality.

We have studied the interaction between boyhood cross-gender behavior, "homophobia," and religiosity in men raised as Catholics who, during adulthood, considered themselves transsexual, homosexual, or heterosexual. The sample consisted of 43 transsexual, 78 homosexual, and 43 heterosexual subjects matched for age, race, educational level, and economic status. The transsexual men recalled the most "feminine" behavior during boyhood, followed by the homosexual men. The heterosexual group was most "homophobic," followed by the transsexuals. "Homophobia" positively correlated with religiosity among adult transsexuals and heterosexuals. Transsexuals, recalling childhood, perceived their parents as being more religious than did the homosexuals. At intermediate levels of "femininity," greater "homophobia" scores were associated with more transsexual characteristics. These data support the thesis that early developmental aspects of sexual identity, and later concerns over homosexuality that are partly of a religious derivative, may contribute to a transsexual outcome.

Attitude↗
PubMed1981

In vitro growth of human gingival fibroblasts on root surfaces of endodontically treated teeth.

Controversy exists over the potential for new connective tissue attachment to dentin of endodontically-obturated teeth following periodontal therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cultured human gingival fibroblasts would grow in vitro on planed dentin surfaces of endodontically-treated teeth. A model similar to that of Aleo et al. was developed using extracted endodontically-treated human teeth. This model consisted of longitudinally sectioning 10 teeth, root planing one section only, and incubating both sections with a suspension of human gingival fibroblasts. Fibroblast growth was determined by staining with neutral red and trypan blue. The criterion for growth was staining of the complete root surface. All root areas with attached periodontal fibers displayed staining, as well as the complete root surface of all planed sections. Unplaned sections did not stain on root areas formerly exposed to the oral environment owing to periodontal disease, a finding consistent with the results of Aleo et al. Our results indicate that root canal therapy does not interfere with in vitro growth of fibroblasts on planed dentin surfaces of endodontically-treated teeth. Extrapolation to a clinical situation would indicate that normal healing may be expected after periodontal surgery on tissues adjacent to root planed endodontically-treated teeth.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1977

Adult preferences for infantile facial features: an ethological approach.

In 1943 Konrad Lorenz postulated that certain infantile cues served as releasers for caretaking behaviour in human adults. This study is an attempt to confirm this hypothesis and to identify relevant cues. The stimuli studied were variations in facial features, and the responses were ratings of the attractiveness of the resultant infant faces. Parametric variations of eye height, eye width, eye height and width, iris size, and vertical variations in feature position (all presented in full-face drawings) were tested for their effect on the ratings, and highly significant preferences for particular stimuli were found. In general these preferences are consistent across a wide variety of environmental factors such as social class and experience with children. These findings are consistent with an ethological interpretation of the data.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Postural hypotension: adrenergic responsivity and levodopa therapy.

Four subjects with orthostatic hypotension were given intravenous infusions of methoxamine and isoproterenol. Methoxamine caused an elevation in systolic blood pressure. Isoproterenol resulted in a fall in blood pressure in three of the subjects. The heart rate decreased with methoxamine, but increased with isoproterenol. The responsivity in orthostatic hypotension was compatible with denervation supersensitivity. These effects were compared with the responsivity to methoxamine and isoproterenol of five labile hypertensives. Two patients with severe orthostatic hypotension were treated with regimens including levodopa. Levodopa alone would further aggravate postural hypotension. But in one subject given levodopa, ephedrine, and fludrocortisone and in the other managed on levodopa, tranylcypromine, and fludrocortisone, symptomatic orthostatic hypotension was successfully eliminated. These results support the usefulness of levodopa, in combination with adrenergic agents, as a therapeutic measure for advanced forms of orthostatic hypotension.

Adrenergic Fibers↗