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Biomedical subjects

J L González

Publications and source records attributed to J L González.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Assessment of service use patterns in out-patients with schizophrenia: a Spanish study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective is to describe and characterize patterns of service use by out-patients with schizophrenia in Spain. METHOD: A representative treated prevalence sample of cases with schizophrenia was selected from four Spanish health areas. The evaluation included health service use, clinical severity, functioning and disability. Statistical analysis was based on hierarchical clustering methods. RESULTS: A total of 356 patients were included in the analysis. Five patterns of health service use were defined: heavy out-patient mental health users; mental health and general health service users; heavy hospital service users; nursing service users; low users of mental health services. Patients in each group showed differences in clinical and disability status. Patterns of health service use showed consistency, but also variability, among the geographical areas. CONCLUSION: Development and organization of mental health services should take into account the combinations of services patients most frequently use.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Randomized phase III study of 3-weekly versus weekly docetaxel in pretreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a Spanish Lung Cancer Group trial.

BACKGROUND: Docetaxel is a widely accepted second-line treatment in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a risk of myelotoxicity. This study evaluated the efficacy and toxicity profile of two docetaxel regimens in NSCLC patients who had failed first-line non-docetaxel-based chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 259 patients from 33 Spanish centers were randomized to receive either docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) administered every 3 weeks (3W arm) or docetaxel 36 mg/m(2) given weekly (1W arm) for 6 weeks followed by 2 weeks of rest. The primary end point was 1-year survival; secondary end points were median survival, time to progression, response and toxicity. RESULTS: One-year survival was 27% in the 3W and 22% in the 1W arm. Median time to progression was also similar in the two arms. Median survival was 6.6 months in the 3W arm versus 5.4 months in the 1W arm (P = 0.075). Response rates were 9.3% in the 3W arm and 4.8% in the 1W arm. More patients in the 1W arm experienced mucositis [1W, nine patients (7.2%); 3W, two patients (1.6%); P = 0.032], while febrile neutropenia was significantly higher in the 3W arm [3W, 10 patients (7.8%); 1W, one patient (0.8%); P = 0.010]. CONCLUSIONS: Both weekly and 3-weekly docetaxel were effective and well-tolerated, with different toxicity profiles. In general, there was no indication to recommend the weekly schedule. However, the significant lower rate of febrile neutropenia observed in the weekly schedule makes it a good alternative for patients at risk of severe neutropenia.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Characterization of a phosphorus-potassium solution obtained during a protein concentrate process from sunflower flour. Application on rye-grass.

The process that permits the ability to obtain a protein extract from defatted sunflower flour also produces a solution very rich in phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), which also contains small concentrations of humic substances. The aim of this study has been to determine the possible agricultural use of this extract. Therefore the phosphorus-potassium solution (experimental solution) was analyzed to determinate its pH and its content of nitrogen, proteins, organic carbon, humic substances potassium and phosphorous. The experimental solution was applied on rye-grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and afterwards the results were analyzed we calculated the germination percentage and the fresh and dry weights that were obtained after each cut throughout the duration of the experiment. In addition the different pigment types (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids) were quantified. The conclusions of the study examine how this time-stable experimental solution improves the long-term effects and also the level of pigments, especially carotenoids, of the plants that have been treated.

Flour↗
PubMed2004

The fertilizer value of pig slurry. I. Values depending on the type of operation.

151 samples of pig slurries were taken from 83 operations in the Castile-Leon region of Spain. Analysis of them enabled comparison of slurries coming from pig farming operations located in different Spanish and European regions. These operations were classified into three groups, namely maternity (64 samples), closed cycle (35 samples) and fattening (52 samples). For each sample 27 parameters were analysed. Data obtained from each kind of operation were compared. Finally, the fertilizer value of slurries was determined with regard to the relationship between their major elements, N/P2O5/K2O (1/0.6/0.4).

Agriculture↗
PubMed2003

Improving postharvest resistance in fruits by external application of trans-resveratrol.

As it is well-known, one of the main problems of modern agriculture is the postharvest fruit losses due to pathogen's attack and natural senescence during storage. Well established solutions to improve this situation, such as, for example, storage under controlled conditions and the use of synthetic pesticides, are not free of problems due to human health risks and environmental effects caused by chemical pesticides. A new strategy to solve these problems consists of developing methods to improve the natural plant resistance by using, upon their identification, the plant's own defense molecules, in other words, applying methods based on the plant's own natural processes of pest suppression to control spoilage. This requires the identification of components of the natural defense response in plants, which, in turn, demands highly sensitive, fast, and versatile analytical methods especially for trace, nonvolatile, compounds. In this work a laser-based technique has been applied for screening the postharvest elicitation of resveratrol by Botrytis cinerea in grapes. Besides antifungal character, resveratrol is known to present important antioxidant properties, which could also have positive effects on fruit conservation during storage. Consequently, several experiments were carried out in which exogenous application of resveratrol to several fruits maintained their postharvest quality. The quality of both resveratrol-treated and untreated fruits has been studied by the assessment of the biochemical composition and sensory analysis. Indeed, the present work demonstrates that the external application of resveratrol does not alter the sensorial and biochemical properties of the fruit.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2001

Study of the degradation of the herbicides 2,4-D and MCPA at different depths in contaminated agricultural soil.

Two phenoxyacid herbicides (2,4-D and MCPA) and their six corresponding phenols were determined in soil by using gas chomatography with electron impact mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for confirmation/quantitation. An automatic extraction (leaching), preconcentration, and cleanup (sorption) module was developed to extract the eight compounds from soil. The average recovery of all species, spiked to soil at microg/kg-mg/kg levels, was 95% (average standard deviation +/- 5%). A plot of agricultural clayey soil (approximately 12 m2) was contaminated with both herbicides (approximately 96 g/m3, depth 10 cm, density 1.23 g/cm3) and irrigated with (17 mm) at variable time intervals. Both herbicides and their corresponding phenol compounds were monitored at different soil depths over a 50 day period. The degradation of both herbicides in the surface layer (t(1/2) approximately 5 days) is a result of photodecomposition and microbial action; in the deeper layers, the degradation products occur in lower proportions by effect of leaching and are also the result of microbial action. The six phenol metabolites are only detected in the surface layer as they form preferentially by photodecomposition. The main metabolites (viz. 2,4-DCP for 2,4-D and 4-C-2-MP for MCPA) are formed within 24 h after the soil is contaminated; their concentration peaks are at day 8 in the absence of irrigation.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed2001

Obtaining a protein concentrate from integral defatted sunflower flour.

Proteins which are found in integral defatted sunflower flour (27% of protein in dry weight) allow us to produce a protein concentrate by means of extraction of proteins with a basic pH solution, followed by their precipitation with an acid pH solution. Once the suitable conditions for pH and temperature were fixed in order to carry out these processes, a solid proteic concentrate (71% of protein in dry weight) was obtained which was rich in glutamic and aspartic acids, with a liquid supernatant very rich in phosphorus and potassium, which might be used as an agricultural fertilizer.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2001

SC-1, an antimycotic spirostan saponin from Solanum chrysotrichum.

A new antimycotic steroidal saponin named SC-1 has been isolated from the leaves of Solanum chrysotrichum by bioassay-guided fractionation. The structure of SC-1 was characterized as 3-O-[beta-quinovopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-glucopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta- glucopyranosyl]chlorogenin on the basis of spectral analyses and chemical evidence.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2000

Quality of life among stroke survivors evaluated 1 year after stroke: experience of a stroke unit.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to study overall and domain-specific quality of life in stroke survivors 1 year after stroke and to identify variables that could predict quality of life after stroke. METHODS: We followed up for 1 year a cohort of 118 patients consecutively admitted to our stroke unit at San Carlos University Hospital in Madrid, Spain. The final series at 1-year follow-up consisted of 90 survivors (41 women and 49 men; mean age, 68 years; range, 32 to 90 years). A cross-sectional, descriptive design was developed. Patients completed a questionnaire that included socioeconomic variables, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), Short Form 36, Frenchay Index, Barthel Index, Rankin Scale, and Scandinavian Stroke Scale. Independent variables were sex, age, functional status, motor impairment, and depression. We developed an ANOVA model for statistical analysis. RESULTS: We interviewed 79 patients with ischemic and 11 with hemorrhagic stroke. Thirty-eight percent of patients scored in the depressed range. Variables related to depression were status as a housewife, female sex, inability to work because of disability, and diminished social activity (P:<0.0001). Mean total SIP (24.3), SIP psychosocial dimension (27.5), and SIP physical dimension (21.2) were correlated with disability, female sex, motor impairment, and depression (P:<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Functional status and depression were identified as predictors of quality of life. Patients independent in their activities of daily living suffered from a deterioration of the psychosocial dimension of the SIP.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

[Effect of oral contraceptive administration on the frequency of estrogen receptor and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia].

A study of 56 sexual active women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was conducted in Mexico City, to determine wether the risk for this condition is altered by using oral contraceptives. Responses of a standardized questionnaire compared 29 patients under oral contraceptive (OC) treatment and 27 control subjects selected from the same screening program, though which the cases were detected. Estrogen receptor (ER) levels were determined in each hyperplastic tissue. The ER frequency was approximately the same in women under oral contraceptive (OC) treatment and in women without it. (P > 0.05). Among other risk factors, first intercourse at an early age, first pregnancy age, number of pregnancies and multiple sexual partners were consistently no significant (p > 0.05) when both groups were compared. In this study, we have found no evidence of an etiologic relationship between neither oral contraceptive usage or non usage and CIN.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Expressive writing and the role of alexythimia as a dispositional deficit in self-disclosure and psychological health.

Psychology students were randomly assigned to a condition in which they had to write for 20 min on 3 days or for 3 min on 1 day a factual description of disclosed traumas, undisclosed traumas, or recent social events. In the case of undisclosed traumatic events, intensive writing about these events showed a beneficial effect on affect and on the affective impact of remembering the event and appraisal. Participants who wrote briefly about an undisclosed traumatic event showed a more negative appraisal. Participants who wrote intensively about a traumatic event and had a dispositional deficit in self-disclosure, measured by a Toronto Alexithymia Scale subscale, showed a positive effect on self-reported measures of affect. Difficulty in describing feelings, an alexythimia dimension, correlated with psychological health problems, emotional inhibition, and a less introspective content of written essays about the emotional events.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Sex differences in estrogenic regulation of preproenkephalin mRNA levels in the medial preoptic area of prepubertal rats.

Opioids have been implicated in sexual differentiation of the brain and in the regulation of reproductive behavior and endocrinology of mammals. Previous studies have indicated that estrogen administration in adults regulates preproenkephalin MRNA levels in several hypothalamic brain nuclei. We have determined preproenkephalin mRNA levels in estrogen-treated juvenile male and female rats to investigate the developmental pattern of estrogenic regulation of enkephalinergic neurons in the medial preoptic area. Rats were treated with estradiol benzoate (20 microgram/kg/day) or oil from day 21 to 23. Sections of the medial preoptic area (mPOA) were studied by in situ hybridization histochemistry at the single cell level and quantified with the assistance of an image analysis system. Our data indicate that males contain higher levels of preproenkephalin mRNA per neuron than females. In addition, our results indicate that estrogen causes an upward shift in the amount of mRNA expressed per cell, females demonstrating a greater response to estrogen than males. An increase in soma cell area following estrogen treatment was observed only in female mPOA enkephalinergic neurons. Taken together, these results indicate a sex difference in total preproenkephalin levels and in estrogenic regulation of preproenkephalin mRNA in the POA of juvenile rats. These results are discussed in relation to the differential role opioids may play in male and female reproductive physiology.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Colorectal sarcoma: analysis of failure patterns.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Colorectal sarcomas (CRS) are rare and their treatment remains controversial, especially for those located in the rectum. The aim of this paper is to evaluate our experience, with special emphasis on the failure pattern after surgical therapy alone or combined with postoperative radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records and histological slides of 13 CRS patients treated between 1986 and 1996 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The patients included eight males and five females, with a median age of 54 years; nine of their primary tumors were located in the rectum, and four in the colon. The histologies were leiomyosarcoma in nine cases and malignant fibrous histiocytoma in four cases. Surgical treatment consisted of anatomical colectomy (four); local excision (three); abdominoperineal resection (APR)(two); low anterior resection (LAR)(two); LAR en bloc with the prostate (one), and total pelvic exenteration (one). One operative death occurred. The median size of the tumors was 8 cm (range, 5-40). The tumors were graded as low, three, and high, ten. The median follow-up was 24 months. Eight patients in the overall group developed recurrences as follows: local, three; local and distant, three, and distant, two. Five out of nine patients with rectal sarcoma received adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy (PRT). Local recurrence occurred in 20% (1/5) of those who received PRT, and in 100% (3/3) of those who did not. The overall 5-year survival was 40%, and the 5-year survival for patients with low-grade tumors was 66%, as compared with 22% for those with high-grade tumors. CONCLUSIONS: The patterns of failure in CRS are combined in both local and distant sites. However, our results suggest that in rectal sarcoma, the use of surgery + PRT may reduce the local recurrence rate; in selected patients, it may allow for anal sphincter preservation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[The one and a half vertical syndrome as the only evidence of bilateral thalamo-subthalamic infarction].

INTRODUCTION: The one and a half vertical syndrome consists of paralysis of upward vertical conjugated gaze and monocular paralysis of downward gaze or vice-versa. It occurs as a consequence of a mesencephalodiencephalic lesion, either unilaterally or bilaterally, due to effects on structures such as the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, posterior commissure and rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal bundle. The arterial supply of the structures involved in the supranuclear control of vertical gaze depends on the paramedian thalamic arteries (or posterior thalamo-subthalamic arteries) and the paramedian peduncular arteries. CLINICAL CASE: We present the case of a 58 year old woman with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus who presented with sudden onset of diplopia of vertical gaze. On examination there was paralysis of superior vertical conjugated gaze and monocular paralysis of ocular infraversion (one and a half syndrome) with no other pathological findings. Cerebral angioresonance and Doppler studies of the territory supplied by the posterior cerebral artery were normal. CONCLUSIONS: Both unilateral and bilateral mesencephalodiencephalic infarcts usually present clinically as disorders of consciousness and of conduct (the almost universal form of presentation), involvement of the pyramidal tract, the third cranial nerves and a supranuclear disorder of vertical gaze. The unusual feature of the case we present is a bilateral thalamo-subthalamic infarct which presented solely as a one and a half vertical syndrome with no clinically apparent effect on anatomically adjacent structures. We have not found any similar cases in the literature.

Cerebral Infarction↗