Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J L Fuller

Publications and source records attributed to J L Fuller.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Alcohol intake in selected lines of mice: importance of sex and genotype.

Mice selected by McClearn and Kakihana for differences in ethanol-induced sleep time were used as subjects. In Experiment 1, mice from the long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) lines were offered a choice of water or solution GS consisting of 3% glucose and .16% sodium saccharin (w/v); or a choice of water or solution GS + E that contained GS solution plus 4% ethanol (w/v). In Experiment 2, mice from the first experiment were provided with a three-way choice among water, solution GS, and solution GS + E. In both experiments, SS mice (alcohol-insensitive) consumed more GS + E than LS mice (alcohol-sensitive). In addition, female mice drank considerably more GS + E solution than male mice. Thus, consumption of sweetened ethanol in both a two-way choice (water and GS + E) and a three-way choice (water, GS, and GS + E) is dependent on both genotype and sex. High genetic sensitivity to ethanol was associated with low consumption, and vice versa. Although females consumed more alcohol than males, famales of these lines have not been previously found to show lower sensitivity to acute alcohol administration.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1979

An admissions interview to measure "good" dentist attributes.

This study reports on the validity of a structured, standardized interview designed for selecting applicants for dental schools. The interview provides a score on nongrade attributes in 14 dimensions and was based on characteristics of successful dentists. A class of 86 fourth-year dental students at the University of Iowa was interviewed. Sufficient validity was found to justify the use of the interview for admissions purposes for the 1978 class.

Dentists↗
PubMed1979

The admission interview: the validity question.

This study reports on the validity of a structured, standardized admission interview for dentistry. An entire class of 86 fourth-year dental students at The University of Iowa was studied, and the relationships between information from the interview, faculty ratings, and numerous dental and predental academic data were compared. Many correlations were found to be significant, which permitted technical description of three aspects of validity: concurrent, content, and construct. Reliability of both the instrument and the interview method were shown to affect validity.

Achievement↗
PubMed1979

Do dental students cheat?

In a questionnaire survey, dental students from all four classes at The University of Iowa College of Dentistry were asked if they had cheated during their first and second years. They were then asked if they believed that others cheated. Cheating was admitted to by 43 percent of the respondents, but 94 percent believed it was occurring. Plagiarism was delineated as a form of cheating; while fewer students admitted to its use, the reported occurrence should be of concern in technique courses. Responses were analyzed both by year in school and grade point average. Reasons for cheating were described; and some conditions conducive to cheating were found to be under the control of the instructor.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMed1978

Task-dependent genetic influences on behavioral response of mice (Mus musculus) to acetaldehyde.

Acetaldehyde was employed as a pharmacological agent in behavioral tests designed to assess genetic influences upon response to the drug. When used as a poison in a conditioned taste aversion study, acetaldehyde was more effective at inducing aversions in DBA/2J mice than in C57BL/6J mice. In another experiment, however, C57 mice were more affected than were DBA mice by acetaldehyde effects on loss of righting reflex. Implications for postulated genetic control of ethanol preference and neurosensitivity are discussed.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1978

Learning performance varies with brain weight in heterogeneous mouse lines.

Three lines of unselected heterogeneous stocks of mice were tested for learning and activity in active avoidance acquisition and extinction, water-maze discrimination learning and reversal learning, operant discrimination, and passive avoidance acquisition tasks. Ambulation in the open field was also measured. Small to moderate correlations (absolute values of .17 to .42) between brain weight and learning measures were obtained for all tasks except passive avoidance. A moderate correlation between brain weight and activity was found only in the open field (r = .39). Partialing out differences in operant level and body weight and learning performance. When ambulation in the open field was partialed out, however, all correlations between brain weight and learning performance decreased. Previous research has suggested a positive relation between brain weight and learning scores across mammalian orders and species. The results reported here extend this relation to within-species variation in brain size. The results also emphasize the limitations of estimating genetic associations between brain and behavior from comparisons between small numbers of inbred strains or selected lines.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Citric acid consumption and the human dentition.

The habitual and abusive use of fruits and foods containing citric acid can cause serious dissolution effects on human tooth enamel. Because these effects can occur so easily, this paper suggests that foods and fruits containing citric acid, as well as other acids, could be definite contributors to the many other forms of idiopathic erosion so often observed by the dentist. There is a need for continued research and study in this area.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and the regulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity and stability.

There are two forms of ornithine decarboxylase with respect to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (pyridoxal-P) affinity in exponentially-growing Swiss 3T3 mouse fibroblasts: form I (Km approximately 10 muM) accounts for 30% of the total activity, and form II (Km approximately 0.4 muM) the remainder. Each form of the enzyme is in rapid equilibrium with ornithine and pyridoxal-P; neither form recognizes the Schiff base between ornithine and pyridoxal-P as a substrate. Total pyridoxal-P concentrations indicate that both forms may normally be at least partially active in vivo. Upon stimulation of 3T3 cells by pituitary growth factors, form I becomes undetectable within 4 h. As total activity increases over 10-fold during this time and continues to increase thereafter, a possible conversion of form I to form II could account for this increase only if the Km change reflects other changes in preexisting enzyme. The rates of cofactor dissociation are apparently the same for each form and neither rate changes with the growth state. Since rapid equilibrium kinetics apply, the forms apparently differ in their rate of cofactor association. The half-lives of the two forms in vivo are the same in unstimulated cells when measured concurrently. Also, the half-life of total activity decreases markedly upon stimulation as form II becomes dominant. These and other observations are not consistent with pyridoxal-P serving a major protective function for the enzyme in vivo.

Binding Sites↗