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Biomedical subjects

J L Frank

Publications and source records attributed to J L Frank.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Bryostatin 1 activates T cells that have antitumor activity.

Several strategies have been used to stimulate the growth of tumor-specific T cells in place of tumor antigen. One approach is to use pharmacologic agents to activate the second messenger pathways of T-cell activation. In the present study, we examined the ability of the protein kinase C activator bryostatin 1 (B) plus the calcium ionophore ionomycin (I) to stimulate the growth of lymphocytes obtained from the axillary lymph nodes (DLN) draining a progressively growing intradermal plasmacytoma tumor. Draining lymph node cells were initially cultured with autologous tumor cells and 20 U/ml of interleukin-2 (IL-2) for 7 days. The lymphocytes were then incubated with various concentrations of bryostatin 1 plus 1 microM ionomycin and cultured for an additional 14 days in IL-2. DLN cells initially cultured with autologous tumor and then restimulated with 5 nM bryostatin 1 and 1 microM ionomycin exhibited marked in vitro proliferation and 15-fold expansion of cell numbers over 2 weeks. The cells expanded with B/I were predominantly CD8+ T cells and retained specific in vitro cytotoxicity against autologous tumor. When adoptively transferred to mice with established liver metastases, DLN cells restimulated with B/I-mediated specific tumor regression.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clone derived from mice with progressively growing tumors.

Tumor-specific T-cell clones were derived from spleen cells of mice bearing a syngeneic PHS-5 tumor (a P815 mastocytoma mutant). Cells were expanded in vitro and characterized and assayed for activity against the relevant tumor in vivo. Clone cells were CD4-, CD8+ T lymphocytes, as determined by fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis and were specifically cytotoxic against P815 tumor cells in vitro, as shown in chromium 51 release assays. These cells require both antigen and interleukin 2 to proliferate; neither alone is sufficient, even with the addition of interleukin 1. In an experimental P815 liver metastasis model, the adoptive transfer of GD11 or GD11.17 clone cells and injection of recombinant interleukin 2 (7500 U intraperitoneally) 3 days after infusion of tumor cells reduced the number of tumor nodules, while the adoptive transfer of lymphokine-activated killer cells was ineffective.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Activation and in vitro expansion of tumor-reactive T lymphocytes from lymph nodes draining human primary breast cancers.

The feasibility of in vitro activation of lymphocytes from the draining lymph nodes (DLN) of breast cancer patients was examined. Lymphocytes isolated from 48 DLN from 12 patients were examined for their proliferative responses to rIL-2, autologous tumor cells, or rIL-2 plus tumor cells. Three general patterns of cellular responses were observed. Cells from some DLN (17%) were unresponsive to any stimuli. Lymphocytes from 52% of the DLN responded moderately to rIL-2 alone. The combination of rIL-2 and tumor antigen had a synergistic effect on the proliferation of cells from 31% of the DLN assayed. Phorbol dibutyrate and ionomycin plus rIL-2 stimulated expansion of DLN lymphocytes by up to 850-fold after 35 days. These expanded cell populations, as well as those stimulated with antigen plus rIL-2, were predominantly CD3+ and CD16- cells, varying in proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. Both populations were cytotoxic against autologous tumor, MCF-7, and K562 target cells.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1991

Benign cartilaginous tumors of the upper airway.

Benign cartilaginous neoplasms of the laryngotracheal apparatus are uncommon clinical entities. Two cases of cartilaginous lesions of the upper airway are reported. Resection with maintenance of upper airway structural integrity is the preferred treatment. Temporary tracheostomy is often necessary and can provide access for stenting of the tracheal repair.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Acute obstructive jaundice in the multiple trauma patient.

The appearance of acute jaundice in the multiple trauma patient may result from obstruction of the common bile duct by clot. Management of this problem may be hindered by a delay in diagnosis, especially where alterations in pigment load and hepatic clearance may have produced the jaundice. A high index of suspicion combined with the judicious use of various noninvasive imaging modalities may be helpful in making the diagnosis. The progression of jaundice in a patient suspected of having acute obstructive hemobilia should prompt rapid operative intervention. At laparotomy, cholangiography or common bile duct exploration should be done. Persistent bleeding should be managed initially with angiographic localization and transcatheter embolization; its failure would necessitate surgical control of the source.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1989

Psychoanalytic treatment of children and adolescents.

Psychoanalytic psychotherapy has had extensive application to a wide range of disorders in adolescents and children of different ages over the past 50 years. Psychoanalytic theory places particular emphasis on the meaning and function of symptomatic behavior in establishing internal equilibrium and adaptation to the environment. Children of different ages bring to treatment a variety of developmental issues and conflicts consistent with their stage of development. Case reports of psychoanalytic treatment serve as pieces of clinical research for preschoolers, latency age children, and adolescents. In children with physical/metabolic disorders, the child's physical disability becomes a ready foci for neurotic symptom formation requiring special therapeutic management. The special processes and tools of transference, resistance, interpretation, defense analysis, and working-through give the psychotherapist the necessary means to resolve deeply entrenched neurotic patterns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Traumatic iliofemoral arterial injury: an association with high anterior acetabular fractures.

Two patients with documented anteroposterior compression injuries to the pelvis sustained concomitant injury to the iliofemoral artery and fracture of the acetabulum involving the high anterior column (the portion of the ilium forming the anterior component of the acetabulum). In a series of 800 major pelvic fractures similar arterial injuries have not occurred in association with other documented mechanisms. A high index of suspicion for iliofemoral artery injuries should be held by the clinician treating patients with acetabular fractures of the high anterior column sustained from anteroposterior compressive forces.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1988

Isolated intestinal myopathy resembling progressive systemic sclerosis in a child.

A 15-yr-old girl had a life-threatening episode of toxic megacolon at age 6 yr and a life-long history of constipation and abdominal distention. A diagnosis of chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction was made. Her clinical course was that of repeated bouts of pseudoobstruction, multiple episodes of intestinal volvulus at different sites, and progressive cachexia. Histologic examination of specimens of jejunum, ileum, appendix, and colon revealed progressive fibrotic changes in intestinal smooth muscle. The abnormalities observed are most consistent with those described in progressive systemic sclerosis, but no cutaneous manifestations of this disorder have been noted in this child, and no abnormalities in other organs have been detected. Thus, this patient represents a childhood case of chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction caused by a disorder closely resembling progressive systemic sclerosis confined to the gastrointestinal tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Usual and unusual radiologic manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children.

AIDS is being recognized with ever-increasing frequency in children. This article includes a discussion of the common radiographic manifestations of AIDS as well as some rarely encountered problems. It is hoped that with heightened awareness of this spectrum of radiographic findings, radiologists may contribute to a prompt diagnosis of AIDS so that appropriate short-term therapy and counseling may be instituted.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Magnetic resonance imaging of spinal arteriovenous malformations.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 12 patients with spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVM's). Six lesions were intramedullary, five were dural, and one was in a posterior extramedullary location. Serpentine filling defects similar to the classic myelographic findings were demonstrated within the high-signal cerebrospinal fluid on T2-weighted coronal scans. The intramedullary nidus was identified by MRI as an area of low-signal intensity within the cord in all six intramedullary AVM's. Neither the dural nor the posterior extramedullary lesions showed intramedullary components. It is concluded that MRI may noninvasively provide the initial diagnosis of a spinal AVM and distinguish intramedullary from dural and extramedullary lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Sonography of intracranial infection in infants and children.

Congenital and acquired infections of the central nervous system (CNS) pose a significant threat to the developing brain, even in the face of appropriate medical treatment. During the past five years, a number of reports have described the ultrasound features of intracranial infection, including echogenic sulci, extra-axial fluid collections, ventricular enlargement, calcifications, abnormal parenchymal echogenicity, abscess formation, cystic degeneration of the brain parenchyma, intraventricular echogenicity, ventricular septations and irregularity and prominence of the ventricular walls. These features permit ultrasound diagnosis of intracranial infection and help to guide decisions affecting patient management.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1986

Computerized tomographic analysis of acute calcaneal fractures.

Computerized tomography (CT) of the hindfoot is introduced as an effective technique in the evaluation of acute, intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Thirty-two fractures in 30 patients have been reviewed, and common fracture characteristics identified. These included the presence of a sustentacular fragment, displacement and comminution of the lateral weightbearing surface, and lateral spread with loss of calcaneal height. Based on the improved understanding of fracture anatomy provided by the CT scan, treatment often can be determined more accurately.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Horseshoe lung: clinical, pathologic, and radiologic features and a new plain film finding.

Horseshoe lung is a rare congenital malformation in which an isthmus of pulmonary parenchyma extends from the right lung base across the midline behind the pericardium and fuses with the base of the left lung. Six cases are presented and eight previously published case reports are reviewed. Eleven of these 14 cases occur in conjunction with scimitar syndrome, the complex of anomalies including hypoplasia of the right lung, anomalous right pulmonary venous return, and anomalous arterial supply to the right lung. Differentiation of scimitar syndrome from horseshoe lung can be made on the plain chest film, if, in addition to the typical radiographic findings of scimitar syndrome, there is evidence of a fine linear density in the medial aspect of the left base representing the lateral extent of the pulmonary isthmus. Recognition of horseshoe lung is important because children present in the first few years of life with significant respiratory symptoms, whereas the scimitar syndrome alone is usually discovered fortuitously after the first decade of life.

Angiography↗
PubMed1985

Spontaneous resolution of cholelithiasis in infants.

Follow-up sonographic studies of five infants whose initial sonograms had displayed evidence for the diagnosis of cholelithiasis demonstrated spontaneous resolution of the gallbladder defects. These defects may have been caused by tumefactive sludge with acoustic shadowing. Whether sludge or gallstones are being imaged, in the absence of other clinical or imaging evidence of biliary tract disease, conservative (i.e., nonsurgical) management and serial sonograms are recommended.

Cholelithiasis↗