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Biomedical subjects

J L Fauquert

Publications and source records attributed to J L Fauquert.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Conjunctival provocation test: recommendations].

The diagnosis of ocular allergy, which has become a real public health problem occurring in 25% of the general population and continues to rise, requires allergic testing. Skin and blood tests combined with interviewing the patient demonstrate sensitivity to one or more antigens. However, while allergic testing and interviews generally reveal the cause of the symptoms, only the conjunctival provocation test (CPT) provides clear evidence of a functional relation between the conjunctival pathology and exposure to the antigen. Since there is still no validated consensus regarding the criteria for positivity of the CPT in routine practice, the working group attempted to establish the major guidelines for conducting the test, to standardize approaches and pinpoint areas of uncertainty. The group established a consensus regarding the conditions for using the test (patient selection, allergens to be tested, usable concentrations, the test protocol, the signs and symptoms to be assessed, interpretation of results, follow-up) and identified two distinct patient groups (outpatients and hospitalized patients) in whom test-taking conditions are different. The outpatient group includes patients suffering from benign forms of conjunctivitis (acute, seasonal, or chronic) and those sensitive to the usual allergens (mainly domestic and airborne). In these cases, the test is given in a medical setting with an allergologist or an ophthalmologist who instills the drops relatively rapidly. The criterion for positivity is the extent of the pruritus. On the other hand, in the hospital population, which is composed of patients suffering from vernal conjunctivitis, the attempt to establish the triggering factor requires a more elaborate protocol carried out in an ophthalmologic setting and based on the association of a range of clinical and biological factors. The deliberations of the working group should lead to the standardization of the CPT procedure for diagnostic purposes.

Allergens↗
PubMed2002

High magnesium concentration in vitro decreases human leukocyte activation.

In view of experimental data suggesting that pharmacological magnesium (Mg) therapy could be expected to temper hypersensitivity, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of in vitro high Mg concentration (8 mmol/l vs. 0.8 mmol/l) on human leukocyte activation. The first experiment in nine healthy volunteers was performed on total leukocyte suspension containing 82 +/- 4 per cent of neutrophils. The results demonstrate the inhibitory effect of high Mg concentration as shown by the significant reduction of superoxide anion production following phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) activation. Moreover, neutrophils activated with fMLP showed an increased respiratory burst when incubated in low Mg concentration (0.2 mmol/l) as compared to normal Mg concentration (0.8 mmol/l). Similarly, high concentration of Mg resulted in a significant reduction in superoxide anion production by eosinophils in response to PMA in five eosinophilic patients. In patients showing Hymenoptera venom hypersensitivity, high Mg concentration resulted in a significant reduction of sulphidoleukotrienes production by leukocytes in response to venom allergen (six patients) or in response to zymosan activated particules (fourteen patients). Taken together, the results suggests that Mg acts via a non specific mechanism and appears to be non specific to a particular cell type. As Mg counteracts calcium in many physiological and pathological processes, it is reasonable to hypothesise that extracellular Mg can diminish leukocyte activation by its calcium antagonism.

Anions↗
PubMed1994

[Epidemiologic follow-up of subjects taking a cure in thermal spas: apropos of a 2-year experience in Bourboule and Saint-Nectaire].

We tried to find out if a controlled sentinel system can be used in a hot spring spa to determine the level of incidents encountered by cure takers and to alert in case of epidemiological events. After two years of experiences in two different thermal resorts, we conclude that such systems may operate and may be extended to other hot spring spas. Among the incidents declared, some cannot be explained by a reactivation of the chronic disease justifying the cure and we pointed out the role of places and periods of cure takers' meeting.

France↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment of respiratory and ORL diseases with mineral waters in children].

Many questions arise when a paediatrician prescribes thermal treatment. Answers to these questions have come to light in recent literature. For paediatric indications, thermal treatment is dominated by asthma and its allergic equivalents. In such cases, sodium chloride and bicarbonated spas are used. Such indications are based on the research of the Pasteur Institute for Le Mont-Dore spa and on different modifications of intracelllular enzymes and increase of resistance to hypoxy incited by the La Bourboule spa. The waters in the spas of the Pyrenees contain sulphur, and are mainly used for the treatment of chronic or repeated ENT infections. Fundamental studies in favour of thermal treatment have only aroused indirect views. Following the enquiry made by the French National Health Service on 3,000 patients over a period of 3 years from 1983, it was found that this treatment reduces medical consumption, doctor's visits and hospital care in many cases. However no double-blind research could be performed despite the desire of several spas. These spas improve either the quality of the final product or the strict hygiene level in the thermal installations, and also the sanitary educational measures associated with thermal treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1986

[Comparison of specific IgE levels versus various milk proteins in 76 eczematous children].

Among 76 eczematous children, we realized a RAST test for whole milk and milk specific proteins: lactalbumin, lactoglobulin and casein. One of these RAST tests, at least, was positive for 27 children. Whole milk RAST test is the most frequently positive (77%) but some non specific reactions seem to interfere: only three children are clinically milk sensitive. Among specific proteins, lactalbumin is more frequently positive (59%) than lactoglobulin (51%) and casein (18%). Eczematous children with positive milk RAST tests, if compared to other eczematous children, have currently more mite allergies and positive egg RAST tests. They have a tendency (non significative) to be more frequently breast fed. The positivity of milk RAST tests seems to belong to a polysensitization and infrequently concerns a clinical allergy.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Atopy parameters in asthmatic infants.

We evaluated various atopy parameters in 44 asthmatic infants aged 1-3 years: nonspecific parameters (total IgE and eosinophilia), and specific parameters relative to 21 allergens (specific IgE and skin tests), together with tests of leukotriene release by blood leukocytes (cellular allergen stimulation test; CAST) in the presence of a mixture of 21 allergens. Thus far 17 infants have displayed no sign of atopy, but 27 met at least one criterion. Eight met nonspecific criteria, and the others single or multiple criteria. Of the 21 allergens, 20 gave rise to at least one sensitization in this population. The specific IgE was more frequently positive than the skin tests. Dissociations between the two types of specific tests were practically systematic. Different phenotypes based on the chosen parameters were individualized, demonstrating heterogeneity in the expression of atopy in these young infants. The polyvalent CAST was positive only when other criteria of atopy were also positive (specific IgE and/or skin tests), and the range of intensity of the responses obtained supports reactivity rather than sensitization.

Asthma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Vernal keratoconjunctivitis in the child. Clinical and complementary study apropos of 22 cases].

PURPOSE: Vernal kératoconjunctivitis was studied in a population of 22 children aged 3 to 14 years and followed up in an allergy and ophthalmology outpatient clinic. The role of allergy and the severity of inflammation where assessed by a systematic exploration, which combined a detailed allergy evaluation and blood and lacrimal sampling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Allergy criteria chosen and recorded in 9 cases are: an increase of total IgE over the higher limit for the age, a positive skin prick test to one allergen, a positive serum specific IgE dosage (> 0.35 IU/mL) of specific IgE. Conjunctival allergy was present in 6 of the 9 children with a positive allergenic provocation test, or with a high local production of total IgE and a lacrimal/serum eosinophilic cationic protein ratio greater than one. RESULTS: Criteria used for supporting the IgE mediated hypersensitivity diagnosis are discussed: they have to be very strict to eliminate false positive results. Allergen involvement can only be evidenced by a specific provocation test. When evidenced as described, limbic or palpebral conjunctivitis had the same frequency. Lacrimal ICAM 1 levels seemed to be higher (p < 0.05) in the severe limbal forms (24.7 +/- 3 pg/mL) than in the palpebral ones (8.1 +/- 6.5 pg/mL). Interpretation of biological parameters evidencing conjunctival inflammation is more difficult. CONCLUSION: Allergic involvement in child vernal keratoconjunctivitis can only be assessed through a detailed evaluation, leading to a specialised ophthalmic and allergic management. A specific treatment can then be established, based on allergen eviction and possibly on specific immunotherapy (5 cases). H1 antihistamin treatments are dedicated only to children with a positive allergic evaluation.

Adolescent↗