Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J L Durosoir

Publications and source records attributed to J L Durosoir.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[The Pasteur network].

Inspired by Louis Pasteur, the international network of Pasteur Institutes forms an original body of research institutes whose vitality has grown steadily since Albert Calmette first created the Saigon Institute in 1891. The dynamic development of the 23 Pasteur Institutes currently implanted throughout the world was made possible by three driving forces. First of all, Pasteur's own teaching--"Advance only what you can prove experimentally"--the founding principle of modern research. Secondly, the international missions headed by leading collaborators including Thuillier who worked on cholera in Egypt, Loir who initiated antirabies research in Australia and Russia, Calmette in Saigon, and others in Rio de Janeiro, Dalat, Tunis and Alger. And finally Pasteur's own personal renown. Today the Pasteur Institutes fill a vital need in their respective countries developing and producing vaccines locally, serving often as the only competent medical laboratory in developing countries and helping improve standards of hygiene adapted to local situations. Fundamental research has always been at the heart of Pasteur Institutes, coupled with essential training for technicians and researchers alike. Despite political incertitudes and turmoil, the international network of Pasteur Institutes has held its place as the leader in scientific progress for over a century, setting the place for modern international research. The Cantacuzene Institute in Bucarest and the Pasteur Institute in Saint-Petersburg which joined the network in 1991 and 1993 are the most recent examples of the fundamental principle of exchange and cooperation so important for further development.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1986

Efficiency of papain-treated microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti (var. pacifica) as antigen for serodiagnosis of bancroftian filariasis in French Polynesia.

Papain-treated microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti have been used as antigen for indirect fluorescent assay: 0% of non-endemic sera, 8% of healthy exposed Polynesians, 48% of clinical patients and 96% of microfilaraemic subjects were positive by this test. The geometric mean titres were 22, 41, 147 and 605 respectively. Untreated microfilariae were unsuitable for diagnostic purposes. Dirofilaria immitis adult sections showed low reactivity, giving poor discrimination between non-endemic and microfilaraemic sera. The geometric mean titres were 6 and 61 respectively.

Antigens, Helminth↗
PubMed1984

[Comparative multicenter study of 2 methods of determining sensitivity to antibiotics. Gel diffusion method and semiautomatic method in fluid ABAC medium].

Susceptibility of 60 bacterial isolates to 15 antibiotics was determined by two methods in three laboratories: 48 Gram negative bacilli and 12 Staphylococci were selected because of "intermediate" susceptibility to at least one antibiotic. Results show a good correlation between the two methods: more than 90% for carbenicillin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, cefamandole, kanamycin, tobramycin, amikacin, erythromycin, pristinamycin and fusidic acid, between 80 and 90% for penicillin G, ampicillin, oxacillin, gentamicin, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, spiramycin and clindamycin, less than 80% for neomycin, tetracycline, minocycline and oleandomycin. Interpretation criteria are different in the two methods for rifampicin, colistin and cotrimoxazole. Between the three laboratories, correlation was 90,3% and 88,6% for disc diffusion method and ABAC system respectively.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

ABAC identibiogramme: prototype of an automated system for identification of enterobacteria.

The ABAC Identibiogramme, an automated, computerized system for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the Enterobacteriaceae has been developed recently. The biological basis of the system resides in lyophilized, highly discriminating media enclosed in wells of an automatically inoculated disposable cartridge. The introduction of a suitable specimen rehydrates and inoculates the media in the wells. After incubation for 16 to 18 h at 37 degrees C and the addition of only one reagent (Kovacs reagent), the media changes and the results obtained are interpreted by an automated optical system and a computer. The antibiogram is also used by the computer to confirm the biochemical identification of the organism. The identification accuracy of a prototype of the ABAC Identibiogramme system was compared with that of API 20 E and conventional methods using a total of 1,290 clinical isolates. The ABAC Identibiogramme correctly identified 96.8% of the organisms tested, misidentified 2.4% and failed to identify 0.8%. The results demonstrate the high reliability and good identification performance of the ABAC Identibiogramme in comparison to API 20 E and conventional methods.

Enterobacteriaceae↗
PubMed1983

[Results of a comparative therapeutic trial of single-dose treatment of non-complicated acute male gonorrhea].

A single dose treatment trial with: spectinomycine 2 g, ampicilline + probenecide 3.5 g + 1 g, thiamphenicol 2.5 g, minocycline 300 mg was undertaken. Three teams were involved, epidemiologists clinicians, microbiologists, 636 patients were included, 483 resumed for control. A negative culture on the third day was considered a success. Failure rates were: spectinomycine 4%, ampicilline-probenecide 3%, thiamphenicol 4%, minocycline 3%. No significant difference was noted between the four rates. The delay of clinical cure was 1.98 days for spectinomycin, 1.87 days for ampicilline - probenecide, 2.16 days for thiamphenicol and 2.12 for minocycline without significant difference. When side effects were analysed, 10% of the patients reported asthenia without difference between the four treatments. Thiamphenicol is responsible for diarrhea 28%, P less than 0,01 minocycline more significantly responsible for guidiness 13%, P less than 0,001, and 18% treated by spectinomycine complained of pain at the time of injection. The antibiotics MIC's are studied. After the analysis of the results, the cost, and the resistances, one treatment was selected.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1982

[Comparative in vitro activity of 5 semi-synthetic penicillins against aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and enterococci (author's transl)].

The MICs and MBCs of mezlocillin, ticarcillin and piperacillin were determined by microdilution in liquid medium against 700 strains of Gram-negative bacilli and enterococci isolated from pathological materials and classified according to their sensitivity of ampicillin and carbenicillin. Strains sensitive to ampicillin and carbenicillin were usually sensitive to the other penicillins with weight for weight differences in activity. The MIC pf mezlocillin against 40% of ampicillin - and carbenicillin-resistant TEM-producing strains of E. coli ranged fron 32 to 64 micrograms/ml. In 50% of Klebsiella strains producing a broad-spectrum penicillinase which inhibited ampicillin and carbenicillin, the MIC of mezlocillin was equal or inferior to 8 micrograms/ml. Carbenicillin-resistant Enterobacter and Citrobacter strains were also resistant to the other penicillins under study. Mezlocillin and piperacillin showed some activity on a few strains of carbenicillin-resistant Serratia, Proteus and Acinetobacter spp. Piperacillin and, to a lesser degree, mezlocillin were active against those strains of Pseudomonas spp for which the MIC of carbenicillin was around 512 micrograms/ml. Mezlocillin and ampicillin were the most active of the antibiotics tested against Enterococci. The MBCs of all antibiotics in this study were strongly influenced by the size of the inoculum.

Enterobacteriaceae↗
PubMed1982

Comparative in vitro antibacterial activity of seven semi-synthetic penicillins against aerobic gram-negative bacteria and enterococci.

The MICs and MBCs of mecillinam, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, azlocillin and piperacillin were determined by the microdilution method in liquid medium using 700 strains of gram-negative bacilli and enterococci isolated from pathological sources and classified as a function of their sensitivity to ampicillin and carbenicillin. The ampicillin and carbenicillin-sensitive strains were generally sensitive to the other penicillins, although there were differences in activity. The ampicillin and carbenicillin-resistant strains of Escherichia coli that produce a TEM-type penicillinase were sensitive to mecillinam. Mezlocillin, piperacillin and azlocillin had MICs of between 32 and 64 mg/l for 40% of these strains. The Klebsiella strains, whose broad-spectrum penicillinase deactivates ampicillin and carbenicillin, remained sensitive to mecillinam. Mezlocillin, azlocillin and piperacillin had MICs of less than 8 mg/l for 50% of these strains. The carbenicillin-resistant strains of Enterobacter and Citrobacter were also resistant to the other penicillins. Piperacillin and mezlocillin displayed some activity against certain strains of carbenicillin-resistant Serratia, Proteus and Acinetobacter. Azlocillin, piperacillin and, to a lesser degree, mezlocillin were active against the strains of Pseudomonas, for which carbenicillin had an MIC of about 512 mg/l. Ampicillin, mezlocillin and azlocillin showed the best activity against the enterococci, against which mecillinam was inactive. The MBC of these antibiotics is greatly influenced by the density of the bacterial inoculum.

Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

[Evaluation of an automated procedure determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). ].

The ABAC system allows to distribute simultaneously and automatically a standardized inoculum into microtube-cuvettes containing in lyophilized broth medium twofold serial dilutions of the antibiotics. After an 18 hours incubation time, The system prints automatically the MIC. We have compared the MIC of beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, cefamandole, cefuroxime and cefotaxime) and 6 aminoglycoside (gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmycin, amikacin, kanamycin, lividomycin) obtained by the ABAC system and by the Agar dilution method for 302 gram negative bacilli. We also made a comparison of the MIC of 8 antibiotics (oxacillin, oleandomycin, spiramycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, pristinamycin, doxycycline, vancomycin) obtained by the 2 methods for 117 Staphylococcus aureus strains. The evaluation shows that the reproducibility of the results obtained by the ABAC system is good. The statistical analysis shows that the correlation between the MIC obtained with the 2 methods is excellent and that there is no significant discrepancy.

Agar↗
PubMed1982

[Comparison of the antimicrobial activity of pefloxacin (1589 RB), nalidixic acid and flumequin (author's transl)].

The MIC of the four quinolones were determined for 839 bacterial isolates. The mean in vitro activity of pefloxacin against strains susceptible to nalidixic acid was found to be four times greater than flumequin, eight times greater than pipemidic acid, sixteen times greater than nalidixic acid. On resistant strains pefloxacin, at levels lower than 32 micrograms/ml, remained active against 67 go 100 per cent of the strains as a function of bacterial species. Streptocoques D and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, resistant to other quinolones, were found to be susceptible to pefloxacin.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed1982

[Combined in vitro effect of new betalactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ].

The association of 11 betalactam antibiotics (carbenicillin, ticarcillin, azlocillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin, cefotaxim, cefoperazone, ceftriaxon, moxalactam, cefsulodin, ceftazidim) with each of the 3 aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin) were studied by the broth dilution method ("checkboard" technic) against 6 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa chosen as a function of their "phenotype". The coefficient of synergy (FIC and FBC) were calculated for the 198 combinations (33 combinations per strain). Bacteriostatic synergy was observed in 18 per cent of the cases and bactericidal synergy in 48 per cent. Synergic association were found to be a function of phenotype. Synergy was rarely observed against bacterial strains resistant to aminoglycosides. Synergy was most frequently observed with two antibiotics in intermediate potency, or an active aminoglycosides combined with an active betalactam antibiotic. The combination containing amikacin produced the most synergy.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1982

[Immunologic aspects of ankylosing spondylarthritis].

The immunological profile of 63 men, 53 of whom were carriers of the HLA B27 antigen, and 10 of whom were not, all of whom suffered from ankylosing spondylarthritis (ASP) which was either quiescent or subject to exacerbations, were studied: lymphocytic colonies, quantity determination of serum proteins, investigations of auto-immune antibodies. Following a discussion of the techniques, the results are presented and compared with those obtained in healthy subjects. No significant difference was revealed between the averages obtained for the results on the patients and the controls, nor as regards the B and T lymphocytes, the IgG, IgA, IgM immunoglobulins, the C3 fraction of the complement, or orosomucoid. The haptoglobin and alpha-antitrypsin rates increased significantly in the patients. Tests for the auto-immune antibodies were always negative. The results are compared to other, often contradictory, studies which have already been published. These authors conclude that the ASP in question does not seem to be an immunological disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Comparative in vitro activity of 8 cephalosporins on 109 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and 60 strains of Neisseria meningitidis.

The in vitro activity of 8 cephalosporins - cephalothin, cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, moxalactam and ceftriaxone (Rocephin) was studied on 109 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and 60 strains of Neisseria meningitidis, isolated from pathological material. Determination of the MICs of these antibiotics by an agar dilution method shows that on N. gonorrhoeae ceftriaxone (geometric mean of the MICs: 0.0008 microgram/ml) is the most active, followed by cefotaxime (0.001 microgram/ml); cefoperazone (0.008 microgram/ml) and moxalactam (0.01 microgram/ml) are one-tenth as active; then come cefuroxime (0.05 microgram/ml), cefamandole (0.10 microgram/ml) and finally cephalothin (0.26 microgram/ml) and cefoxitin (0.26 microgram/ml). The least susceptibility to penicillin and, to a greater degree, the production of beta-lactamase (8 strains) affect the level of susceptibility to these cephalosporins, but the MICs always remain relatively low.

Cefamandole↗
PubMed1979

["In vitro" activity of cefamandole, cefalotin, cefoxitin and cefuroxim against enterobacteria and Staphylococcus aureus isolated in hospital (author's transl)].

The in vitro activity of cefamandole was compared with that of cephalotin, cefoxitin, and cefuroxime against 612 bacterial strains isolated in hospital. Cephalotin was more active than cefamandole and the other two cephalosporins against oxacillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus strains. In contrast, the activity of cefamandole was superior to that of the other cephalosporins against oxacillin-resistant strains of S. aureus. This improved activity was confirmed by study in media with a high salt content and by population analysis. The activity of cefamandole against cephalotin-sensitive enterobacteria was superior to that of the other cephalosporins. Its activity was comparable to that of cefoxitin and cefuroxime against cephalotin-resistant strains. However, there were marked variations in this activity in relation to the different species. The therapeutic use of these new cephalosporins, and of cefamandole in particular, should thus be selective and based on the results of bacteriologic studies.

Cefamandole↗
PubMed1979

[Abnormalities of fibrin formation in benign viral hepatitis (author's transl)].

Abnormalities of fibrin formation were studied in 42 young adult patients with benign viral hepatitis. It was observed that there was a constant increase in thrombin time and reptilase time, evoking an abnormality of the second stage of fibrin formation, or the aggregation of fibrin monomers. This abnormality is not associated with the presence of inhibitors in the patients' serums, and is maximum at an alkaline pH. The hypothesis of an abnormality of the fibrinogen molecule, a dysfibrinogenemia, is the most likely cause, and this has to be confirmed by biochemical and immunochemical studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Polymorphic histological changes in a case of angio-immunoblastic adenopathy (author's transl)].

A patient aged 65 years was observed to have successive adenomegalic syndromes over a period of 4 years, with variable histological appearances. A right cervical adenopathy had the histological appearance of a simple antigenic-stimulation lesion. Three years later, a right inguinal adenomegaly presented all the histological criteria of angioimmunoblastic adenopathies, without, however, any humoral immunity disturbance. Two months later, a biopsy of a palatine tumour confirmed the diagnosis of an immunoblastic sarcoma. The condition then became generalized as a lymphoblastic type of diffuse lymphosarcoma, and autopsy one year later showed the presence of a pleomorphic lymphosarcoma in several lymphoid formations. This case serves as a basis for discussing the concept of angio-immunoblastic adenopathy; the result of various antigenic aggressions or the early stage of a haematosarcoma. It also clearly demonstrates the sometimes contingent characteristics and difficulties in classification of haematosarcomas.

Aged↗