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Biomedical subjects

J L Danhauer

Publications and source records attributed to J L Danhauer.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Part- vs full-list performance on the NST by normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adults.

Performance-Level functions were determined for part- and full-list Edgerton and Danhauer (1979) Nonsense Syllable Test (NST) mean scores of 15 normal-hearing (NH) and 15 mild-to-moderately hearing-impaired (HI) Ss. In the first part-list procedure S received 5 different items from the 25-item NST List A at each ascending SL (25, 35, 45, 55, and 65 db re: S's better-ear SRT), while in the second, full-list, procedure S received the full 25 items. As previous studies had shown, the NST could be used to distinguish the NH and HI groups. The P-L functions were not significantly different for the part- vs the full-list procedures except at the 35 and 55 db SLs in which the part-list scores tended to overestimate those from the full list for both groups, to a maximum difference in percent correct of about 7%. Clinical implications are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Health care providers' and peers' impressions of elderly hearing aid wearers.

This study investigated whether (1) health care providers (nursing home and hospital staff personnel) and elderly peer observers formed negative initial impressions of elderly persons shown in three conditions of hearing aid use; (2) whether the groups differed in their ratings; and (3) whether size of the aid affected their ratings. Stimuli were 36 photographic slides, three each of six male and six female elderly persons shown wearing a body hearing aid, a postauricular aid, and no aid. Observers rated the 12 stimulus subjects on a 16-item semantic differential. Factor analysis of the ratings resulted in three factors: achievement, personality, and appearance. Analysis of variance revealed that no "hearing aid effect" was present, since none of the observer groups rated the stimulus subjects lower on any of the three factors when they were shown wearing hearing aids. Further, the groups did not differ in their observations, and size of the hearing aid did not affect their ratings. The findings differ somewhat from earlier studies and have implications for counseling potential hearing aid users.

Achievement↗
PubMed1984

English, Spanish, and bilingual speakers' performance on a nonsense syllable test (NST) of speech sound discrimination.

This study investigated the ability of a 25-item open-set CVCV Nonsense Syllable Test (NST; Edgerton & Danhauer, 1979) to assess English, Spanish, and bilingual native speakers' speech sound discrimination skills (i.e., both the subjects and the NST were evaluated). The NST was presented at five sensation levels (SLs) between 25 and 65 dB to 29 normally hearing individuals from three native language backgrounds: monolingual English speakers, bilingual Spanish-English speakers having equal experience in each language, and Spanish speakers having little exposure to English. Articulation functions were plotted for each group and compared across SLs, groups, and scoring methods. Results indicated that the phoneme scoring method best described the responses, and all groups' scores improved with increases in SL until they reached a plateau at 45 dB SL. The bilingual group performed similarly to the English speakers; but, as expected, the Spanish group scored significantly poorer than the other two groups. Thus, while the NST may not be highly useful for Spanish speakers, it can help describe the speech sound discrimination abilities of bilingual (Spanish-English) speakers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Performance on a nonsense syllable test for normal and hearing-impaired subjects.

The Nonsense Syllable Test (NST) developed by Edgerton and Danhauer in 1979 was administered to 22 normal-hearing and 26 hearing-impaired Ss. Tape recordings from Auditec of St. Louis were presented at 5 SLs from 25 to 65 db re: SRT. Responses were transcribed phonetically using both auditory and visual cues and were scored by the phoneme method. Interjudge scorer reliability was high (94%). Performance vs level functions were plotted and analyzed for differences both within and among groups. The NST differentiated between the normals and the hearing-impaired Ss. Percent-correct discrimination scores for the hearing-impaired Ss were about 10 to 15 points poorer than for the normals. The results were favorably compared to the earlier version of the NST and the potential clinical use of this taped version was discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hearing-impaired children's performance on the Edgerton and Danhauer Nonsense Syllable Test.

The monaural performance of 7 girls, aged 8:8-14:8 yrs, with mild-to-moderate hearing losses, was assessed at SLs of 25, 35, 45, and 55 db on List A of a commercially available taped version (Auditec of St. Louis) of the Edgerton and Danhauer (1979) nonsense syllable test (NST). Ss' verbal responses were transcribed phonetically and scored by phoneme, consonant, vowel, and bisyllabic methods. The phoneme method was preferred. There were no age effects. Performance improved slightly as SL increased. Results were favorably compared to those of earlier studies on this and other versions of the NST; these preliminary data indicate that the NST is useful for assessing children's phoneme perception.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Peer perceptions of geriatrics wearing hearing aids.

This study investigated whether geriatric observers having varying amounts of experience with hearing aid users formed different initial impressions of their peers who were shown in three conditions of hearing aid use, and whether the size of the aid affected their ratings. Stimuli consisted of 36 photographic slides, three each of six men and six women shown wearing: (a) a body type hearing aid, (b) a post-auricular type aid, and (c) no aid. The stimuli were presented to 72 geriatric observers drawn from three groups: (a) 24 with no prior hearing aid experience, (b) 24 having some experience with a spouse, family member, or close friend who wore an aid, and (c) 24 who were hearing aid users. The observers rated the 12 geriatrics on a 16-item semantic differential. Factor analysis of the ratings resulted in three factors: achievement, personality, and appearance. Analyses of variance revealed that none of the three observer groups rated the geriatrics lower on any of the three factors when they were shown wearing hearing aids. These findings indicate that these peer observers did not perceive a "hearing aid effect" for the geriatric hearing aid wearers.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Practice effects for normal listeners' performance on a nonsense syllable test.

Each of 4 groups (N: 5) of normal-hearing young adults responded to the consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel Nonsense Syllable Test (Edgerton and Danhauer, 1979). Groups I and II on any one day for 5 consecutive days received one presentation of both Lists A and B at 16 and at 56 db re individual SRT, with (Group II) or without (Group I) visual reinforcement as to the correctness of the response. Groups III and IV received 15 randomizations of List A (non-reinforced) in a single session at 16 or 56 db SL, respectively. S's were tested individually diotically; verbal responses were phonetically transcribed using both audio and visual cues, and were scored phonetically. There were no significant differences in means between Groups I vs II as a result of reinforcement, but differences were noted in both groups for presentation levels and trials (days). No practice effects were noted in Groups III and IV. The NST may be used for multiple administrations within a single session, as in deriving performance-intensity functions, or in hearing aid evaluations, without biases due to practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Professional and lay observers' impressions of preschoolers wearing hearing aids.

This study determined whether professional and lay observers had similar impressions of preschoolers wearing hearing aids and if the size of the aid affected ratings. Stimuli consisted of three photographic slides of nine normally-hearing and speaking male preschoolers wearing (1) a body-type hearing aid, (2) a post-auricular type aid, and (3) no aid. Slides were accompanied by taped speech samples. Stimuli were presented to 75 professional and 75 lay observers who rated the children on a semantic differential scale containing 15 adjectives. Ratings were submitted to a factor analysis revealing Factor I as achievement and Factor II as appearance. Results of MANOVAs revealed that neither professional nor lay observers discriminated against the children on appearance regardless of the presence of a hearing aid, but that both groups rated them significantly poorer on achievement when an aid was present. Lay observers' ratings showed a bias against the size of the aid, while professionals exhibited negative impressions whenever an aid was present, regardless of its size. These findings indicate that the "hearing aid effect" was present on variables of achievement even for normal-hearing preschoolers.

Attitude↗
PubMed1979

Effects of four noise competitors on the California Consonant Test.

Thirty-five normal-hearing listeners' speech discrimination scores were obtained for the California Consonant Test (CCT) in four noise competitors: (1) a four talker complex (FT), (2) a nine-talker complex developed at Bowling Green State University (BGMTN), (3) cocktail party noise (CPN), and (4) white noise (WN). Five listeners received the CCT stimuli mixed ipsilaterally with each of the competing noises at one of seven different signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns). Articulation functions were plotted for each noise competitor. Statistical analysis revealed that the noise types produced few differences on the CCT scores over most of the S/Ns tested, but that noise competitors similar to peripheral maskers (CPN and WN) had less effect on the scores at more severe levels than competitors more similar to perceptual maskers (FT and BGMTN). Results suggest that the CCT should be sufficiently difficult even without the present of a noise competitor for normal-hearing listeners in many audiologic testing situations. Levels that should approximate CCT maximum discrimination (D-Max) scores for normal listeners are suggested for use when clinic time does not permit the establishment of articulation functions. The clinician should determine the S/N of the CCT tape itself before establishing listening levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Dissimilarity ratings of English consonants by normally-hearing and hearing-impaired individuals.

Perceptual patterns in rating dissimilarities among 24 CVs were investigated for a group of normal-hearing and two groups of hearing-impaired subjects (one group with flat, and one group with sloping, sensorineural losses). Stimuli were presented binaurally at most comfortable loudness level and subjects rated the 576 paired stimuli on a 1-7 equal-appearing interval scale. Ratings were submitted to individual group and combined INDSCAL analyses to describe features used by the subjects in their perception of the speech stimuli. Results revealed features such as sibilant, sonorant, plosive and place. Furthermore, normal and hearing-impaired subjects used similar features, and subjects' weightings of features were relatively independent of their audiometric configurations. Results are compared to those of previous studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Listeners' impressions of normal-hearing and hearing-impaired children.

This study investigated the relationship between speech of hearing-impaired children and listeners' ratings of the speakers' intelligence, achievement, personality, and appearance as a function of whether or not speakers wore hearing aids. Stimuli consisted of (1) tape-recorded speech samples of 12 speakers (4 normal hearing, 4 hard of hearing, and 4 deaf) and (2) two photographic slides of each speaker--one depicting him wearing a hearing aid and another depicting him not wearing a hearing aid. Listeners used a semantic differential scale to rate the stimuli. Analysis shows that there is a systematic increase in "less desirable" ratings with severity of hearing loss and that responses are more negative when the speaker wore a hearing aid.

Achievement↗
PubMed1978

Distinctive features for short-term memory of consonants in noise.

Wickelgren's (1966) short-term memory paradigm was used to investigate distinctive features of consonants in noise; 18 English consonants paired with the vowel /a/ were presented to 3 normal listeners in a CV context. Ss were tested in a quiet sound field at most comfortable listening level in experimental conditions of (1) quiet, (2) speech and noise at 0, (3) --5, and (4) --10 db S/N. Errors in auditory perception were eliminated from the data analysis and only errors in short-term memory recall were used as input to INDSCAL analysis. Results revealed that few errors were made in the quiet condition, but that all the noise conditions had deleterious effects on features.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Distinctive features of consonantal errors in deaf children.

Pictorial stimuli of 18 consonants in 3 vocalic positions were presented to 10 deaf children; verbal responses were phonetically transcribed. Consonantal substitution errors were submitted to INDSCAL analysis. A 2-dimensional solution revealed features relating mainly to place of articulation and indicated that current habilitation procedures focus primarily on those features while not exploiting others available in the speech signal.

Adolescent↗