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Biomedical subjects

J L Chapuis

Publications and source records attributed to J L Chapuis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Helminths from introduced small mammals on Kerguelen, Crozet, and Amsterdam Islands (southern Indian Ocean).

Four monoxenous nematodes and 1 heteroxenous cestode were found in 4 species of introduced small mammals on isolated sub-Antarctic islands of the Indian Ocean. In the Kerguelen Archipelago, Syphacia obvelata, Passalurus ambiguus (Nematoda: Oxyuridae), and Rodentolepis straminea (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidae) were respectively found in the house mouse Mus musculus, the rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus, and the black rat Rattus rattus. One accidental nematode, Trichostrongylus sp. (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae), was also found in a black rat on Kerguelen. On Possession Island (Crozet Archipelago), R. straminea was present in the black rat. On Amsterdam Island, the brown rat R. norvegicus harbored 2 species, R. straminea and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nematoda: Heligmonellidae). The small number of founder hosts and the depauperate terrestrial communities on these remote islands explain the low diversity in the helminth communities of these introduced mammals compared with continental populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Compensatory aspects of allele diversity at immunoglobulin loci: gene correlations in rabbit populations devoid of light chain diversity (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.; Kerguelen Islands).

Is there a selective advantage of increased diversity at one immunoglobulin locus when diversity at another locus is low? A previous paper demonstrated excess heterozygosity at the rabbit light chain b locus when heterozygosity was low at the heavy chain constant region e locus. Here we consider the reverse situation by analyzing allele distributions at heavy chain loci in populations fixed for the light chain b locus. We analyzed the a locus that encodes the predominantly expressed heavy chain variable region, and the d and e loci that control different parts of the Ig gamma class constant region. While there was excess heterozygosity, genetic differentiation between localities was extensive and was most pronounced for females. This was in marked contrast with observations in areas where b-locus diversity was important and confirms a negative correlation between e- and b-locus heterozygosity. Trigenic disequilibria corresponded to a significant negative correlation between e- and a-locus heterozygosity due mainly to strong variation among localities within the context of pronounced (digenic) linkage disequilibria. Although substantial, the average increase in a/e-locus single heterozygosity implemented by higher order disequilibria within localities was not significant.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

[Myxomatosis in the sub-antarctic islands of Kerguelen, without vectors, thirty years after its introduction].

Myxoma virus was introduced into the Kerguelen archipelago in 1955-1956. Thirty years after its introduction, the virus is present in most areas inhabited by rabbits. Rabbit fleas and mosquitoes are absent from this group of islands and the disease is transmitted by contact. The timing of the beginning of new myxomatosis outbreaks, the absence of real epizootics as well as the higher percentage of infected males over females are specific observations in favour of this mode of transmission. The majority of 34 isolates tested between 1984 and 1988 are of intermediate virulence (Grades IIIA-IIIB). In these conditions, the impact of myxomatosis virus on rabbit populations estimated on two sites is low. Myxomatosis therefore plays only a minor role in the regulation of rabbit populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Cutaneous lesions due to lithium therapy (author's transl)].

We report two cases with adverse cutaneous reactions under lithium medication for manic-depressive disease. The first patient developed follicular keratosis, psoriasiform plaques and seborrheic dermatosis, the second only sclerotic plaques. Cutaneous side-effects that have been associated with lithium therapy include: acneiform eruption, pruritus, maculopapular eruptions, folliculitis, pretibial ulcerations, alopecia...and exacerbation of psoriasis. The exact pathophysiologic mechanism by which lithium induced cutaneous pathology is not completely understood. The various physiologic actions seem to be incomplete in substitution for other extracellular and intracellular cations and interference with cyclic adenosine monophosphate mediated processes.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1980

[The Leser-Trélat symptom: report of two cases (author's transl)].

The sudden occurrence and rapid increase in size and number of seborrheic keratoses is considered to be a symptom of internal malignancy. But many authors did not fully agree with this finding. We report two cases respectively associated, the first with a mycosis fongoides, the second with a bronchial squamous cell carcinoma. These observations are compared with thin cases previously published in the dermatological literature (13 patients). According to Dantzig the commonest associated malignancy is an adenocarcinoma, and the most frequent site the stomach. But there are also report of acute leukemia, mycosis fongoides, Sézary and lymphocytic lymphoma. The mechanism of the simultaneous growth of the lesions remains unknown and may be purely coincidental. Other case reports and several criteria still to be defined are needed before we accept this symptom as a malignancy marker.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

[Isolated infiltrated cutaneous nodule revealing acute leukaemia (author's transl)].

The authors report on two cases of acute leukemia beginning with an isolated cutaneous lesion. The first case was a form of acute monoblastic leukosis which showed a favourable development following chemotherapeutic treatment, and was still in a state of remission two years later. The second case was a variety of acute monoblastic leukosis which, at the end of eighteen months' chemotherapeutic treatment, led to an unfavourable prognosis. Most interesting by, these reports highlight the mis-leading varieties of acute leukemia with an isolated cutaneous tumour. To make both accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment possible, it is necessary to complement clinical and histological examination with hematologic and cytologic investigation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Haemorrhagic oedema acute in neonatal skin. Immunological and ultrastructural examination (author's transl)].

There are three reports on acute haemorrhagic oedema of the skin of infants, an illness which English-speaking authors do not individualize but only regard as a clinical variety of Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Yet the features of the disease, as described in children under two years of age, are very characteristic. --Clinical feature is the sudden appearance of oedemas on face and limbs and of cocarde-like purpura with an occasional temperature. --Histological feature is the presence of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. --Immunologically the disease is characterized by the deposit of immune complexes. --Ultrastructural examination confirms the presence of leukocytoclastic vasculitis accompanied by deposit of immune complexes and of platelets. These three reports enable the authors to study the nosological aspects of the illness among the varieties of allergic vasculitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

[Cutaneous allergy to epichlorhydrine (author's transl)].

Allergies due to epichlorhydrin are seen more and more frequently. This product, which has several uses, is one of the essential components in epoxy resins. The follow-up of six cases has enabled us to determine the optimal concentration to be used in epichlorhydrin epicutaneous tests. Since this product is frequently encountered, it ought to be integrated among the other samples in current skin tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Herpes gestationis. Ultrastructural and immunologic data, about two cases (author's transl)].

Herpes gestationis, a rare vesiculobullous dermatitis of pregnancy and the postpartal period, can be more easily identified today thanks to recent immunologic and ultrastructural researches. Comparing two new case reports with the data provided by the literature, underlines the individuality of the disease, in spite of the analogies it shows with bullous pemphigoid. Clinically, the illness only appears during pregnancy or the postpartal period and generally responds well to vitamin B6. Histologically the bullae at the dermal-epidermal junction are accompanied by extra- and intra-cellular epidermal edema and vacuolation of the basal cells. Ultrastructural examination shows that the initial alteration affects the plasmatic membrane of the basal cells. The immunologic mechanism of the disease is specific as the usual indirect in vitro immunofluorescent methods cannot reveal factor B.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1978

[Sclero-atrophic keratodermal genodermatosis of the extremities (sclerotylosis) (author's transl)].

The authors report a new case of sclero-atrophic keratodermal genodermatosis of the extremities, which is frequently degenerative. This condition, described by Huriez et al. in 1967, is characterized by symmetric lesions of the hands and feet, sclerodactyly, keratodermia, onychopathy and hypohidrosis. This disease, which is of dominant autosomal transmission, is associated with the MNSs trait, the two genes being probably located on chromosome No. 2.

Foot↗
PubMed1977

Absence of distal interphalangeal fold causing difficulty in extending fingers.

A 13-year-old girl sought medical advice, saying that for two years it had been increasingly difficult for her to extend her little finger. An examination revealed that all her fingers, with the exception of her thumbs, had no interphalangeal fold. Her mother had less pronounced signs of the same type. This abnormality seemed to be the result of an autosomal gene with dominant transmission.

Adolescent↗