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Biomedical subjects

J L Brun

Publications and source records attributed to J L Brun.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Induction of labor in twin pregnancy after 36 weeks does not increase maternal-fetal morbidity.

OBJECTIVE: To compare maternal and perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancy patients without any fetal or maternal disease, managed by labor induction or expectant management after 36 weeks gestation. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 81 patients: labor induction (n=36) vs. expectant management (n=45). Labor was induced using oxytocin (n=18), vaginal prostaglandins (n=6) or intrauterine balloon catheter (n=12) according to the Bishop score. Maternal and perinatal outcome variables were compared among both groups. RESULTS: The characteristics of the labor induction group and the expectant management group were not statistically different, except for the rate of nulliparae (55.6% vs. 33.3%) and the rate of epidural analgesia (100% vs. 80%). There was no significant difference in labor time (6.5+/-2.8 h vs. 6.0+/-3.6 h), cesarean section rate (8.3% vs. 13.3%) or duration of maternal hospitalization (7.3+/-2.0 days vs. 7.5+/-2.3 days) in the labor induction group and in the expectant management group, respectively. The birth weight was higher in the labor induction group than in the expectant management group (2639+/-352 g vs. 2463+/-298 g, P<0.001). The rate of Apgar score <7 at 5 min was 0% and 3.3%, respectively. Neonatal intensive care unit admission occurred in 30.5% and 26.6% of the groups, respectively. No perinatal death was reported. CONCLUSION: Induction of labor may be proposed to patients with uneventful twin pregnancy after 36 weeks gestation without increasing maternal-fetal morbidity.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed2002

[Endometrial hyperplasias resistant to progestins: alternatives to traditional treatments].

Endometrial hyperplasias are mainly regarded as a response to unopposed endogenous estrogenic stimulation and concern 12% of perimenopausal women. They are usually diagnosed because of irregular bleeding. They are divided into two categories based on the presence or absence of cytological atypia and further classified as simple or complex according to the extent of architectural abnormalities. Endometrial hyperplasias with cytological atypia are classically treated by hysterectomy. Endometrial hyperplasias without cytological atypia are classically treated by progestins. The bad observance (25% spontaneously stopping), the 30% recurrence rate after stopping progestin and the 12-53% resistance rate to treatment lead to propose a second-line therapy after endocrinological check-up, exploration of haemostasis, pelvic ultrasonography, hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsies. Standard treatments include uterine curettage which is not very effective and hysterectomy. Medical alternatives (gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device) and surgical alternatives (endometrial resection, thermal balloon endometrial ablation) were developed to avoid treating functional pathology radically. These conservative procedures correct 80% of endometrial hyperplasia symptoms with a low rate of lateral effects. However, these results need to be confirmed by long-term studies. Some economical, legal or material factors can also limit carrying out the procedures. Clinical trials need to be performed to better define the place of medical and surgical alternatives to hysterectomy in the treatment of endometrial hyperplasias resistant to progestins.

Drug Resistance↗
PubMed2002

Absence of placental transfer of pentasaccharide (Fondaparinux, Arixtra) in the dually perfused human cotyledon in vitro.

The synthetic pentasaccharide, fondaparinux, is the first of a new antithrombotic class: selective factor Xa inhibitors. Comparative clinical trials of fondaparinux versus heparins in prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism are ongoing. Little is known about fondaparinux during pregnancy, as women of child-bearing potential were excluded from clinical trials. No particular safety issue, for either mother or fetus, has been reported for heparins. The objective of this study was to compare in vitro the steady state placental transfer of fondaparinux and enoxaparin at the plasma concentrations reached during acute treatment of venous thromboembolism (1.75 microg/mL and 1 anti-Xa IU/mL respectively), using antipyrine (20 mg/L) as reference. No biological activity was detectable in the fetal venous effluent during perfusion of enoxaparin-antipyrine, fondaparinux-antipyrine or control media. Furthermore, fetal venous samples did not differ significantly from fetal arterial samples. This apparent absence of placental transfer supports further evaluation of fondaparinux in pregnant women.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Complications, sequellae and outcome of cervical conizations: evaluation of three surgical technics].

OBJECTIVES: To assess complications and after-effects of conizations and follow-up of patients treated with 3 conization methods. Materials and methods. Two hundred and forty-one conizations were performed for cervical dysplasia using cold knife (100 cases), electric knife (39 cases) or loop electrosurgical excision (102 cases). Residual disease, post-operative bleeding, cervical stenosis and recurrences were assessed. RESULTS: The height of the cone biopsy specimen was higher after cold knife conization (18.3 4.7 mm) and electric knife conization (18.4 0.7 mm) than after loop electrosurgical excision (12.8 3.5 mm) (P<0.001). However, the rate of positive margins for dysplasia was not significantly different: 7%, 8% and 14%, respectively. The rate of post-operative bleeding was 8%, 5% and 2%, respectively. The rate of cervical stenosis was 8%, 27% and 3%, respectively (P<0.001). The rate of recurrences was not significantly different: 8%, 15% and 11%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Taking into account the current trend not to repeat surgery systematically after positive margin conizations, the risk of bleeding after cold knife conization, the risk of stenosis after electric knife conization and excessive depth of cone excision, the loop electrosurgical procedure may be recommended as a first option to treat cervical dysplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Placental transfer of SR49059 in the human dually perfused cotyledon in vitro.

SR49059 is an antagonist of vasopressin V(1a)receptors currently developed as a tocolytic drug. We investigated the transplacental transfer of SR49059 in vitro using the single pass dually perfused human cotyledon model. Thirteen placentae were collected from normal term pregnancies immediately after delivery. The placental transfer of SR49059 was tested at steady state at three different concentrations (100 ng/ml, 200 ng/ml and 500 ng/ml) along with that of antipyrine 20 mg/l as a reference substance. Concentrations were assayed by liquid chromatography with UV (antipyrine) or mass spectrometry (SR49059) detection. At steady state, the mean+/-s.d. fetal transfer rate of SR49059 was 10.80+/-4.33 per cent, 9.34+/-4.41 per cent, and 11.78+/-3.26 per cent at 100 ng/ml, 200 ng/ml and 500 ng/ml, respectively. The corresponding clearance indices were 0.29+/-0.14, 0.25+/-0.08, and 0.31+/-0.06, respectively. The absence of saturation kinetics is consistent with a passive mechanism of transfer. Moderate amounts of SR49059 are transferred from the maternal to the fetal circulation. The clearance index of SR49059 appeared to be very similar to that of ritodrine, which is currently used as a tocolytic.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Medical and surgical treatment of functional ovarian cysts].

Most of symptomatic functional ovarian cysts (FOC) are treated by surgery. Oral contraceptives and ultrasound-guided puncture are not more efficient than expectant management for treating asymptomatic FOC in non menopausal women. The probability of a cyst being functional or benign in asymptomatic postmenopausal women is assessed by transvaginal ultrasonography, color Doppler flow imaging and CA 125 serum level measurement. Conservative management of simple cysts (anechoic, diameter < 5 cm with normal Doppler and CA 125 serum level) is more reasonable and safer than surgical treatment. The use of high-dose combination oral contraceptives has a protective effect against FOC, whereas low-dose pills have little or no effect. However, low-dose oral contraceptives or progestogen-only oral contraceptives do not increase the risk of FOC. In the case of recurrent or symptomatic FOC, the advantages of using higher dose formulations have not been proved. Expectant management is as effective as oral contraceptives for the resolution of FOC induced by ovarian stimulation. Tamoxifen treatment in premenopausal breast cancer patients is associated with ovarian overstimulation and FOC formation (> 35%). Co-treatment with Gn-RH agonist may be successful in this indication. Hormone replacement therapy may be associated with an increasing ovarian volume, but not with an increasing rate of FOC. The management of surgical-induced FOC (entrapped ovarian cyst, ovarian transposition) has never been assessed by controlled studies.

CA-125 Antigen↗
PubMed2000

Long-term results and prognostic factors in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term results and to assess prognostic factors which have an impact on overall survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 287 patients treated between 1975 and 1995 was performed. All operations were performed by senior surgeons. Histologic sections were reviewed by the same pathologist. Successive adjuvant chemotherapy regimens are described. Survival was evaluated in 1997. Follow-up lasted 25-260 months (median 90). Statistical methods included Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank test, and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rates were 76, 42, 21, and 6% for patients with stage I, II, III, and IV disease, respectively. Age, FIGO stage, cytology of ascites, histologic type and grade, extent of surgery, and number of residual tumors were significant prognostic indicators in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of mortality according to FIGO stage was 2.8, 95% CI [1.2-6.3], P = 0.01 for FIGO II, 5.6, 95% CI [2.9-10.8], P < 0.001 for FIGO III, and 10.5, 95% CI [4.9-22. 1], P < 0.001 for FIGO IV in comparison with FIGO I. Patients with a serous epithelial carcinoma had a 1.7-fold higher risk of mortality than patients with other histologic types: RR = 1.7, 95% CI [1.1-2. 8], P < 0.001. Patients whose tumors distribution permitted optimal surgery had a 2.3-fold lower risk of mortality than patients treated with sub- or nonoptimal surgery: RR = 0.43, 95% CI [0.29-0.64], P < 0.001. The risk of mortality for patients treated with alkylating agents, platinum-based combination chemotherapy without taxanes, or carboplatin plus paclitaxel regimens compared with patients who did not receive treatment was reduced by 47%, 95% CI [8-69%], P = 0.025, 55%, 95% CI [22-74%], P = 0.005, and 70%, 95% CI [35-86%], P = 0.002, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the benefit of cytoreductive surgery and the efficacy of platinum plus paclitaxel first-line chemotherapy which has recently been recognized as the standard treatment for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Trans fatty acids in adipose tissue of French women in relation to their dietary sources.

This study reports the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue in French women with special emphasis on the content of trans fatty acids originating from two main dietary sources, ruminant fats and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO). Adipose tissue trans fatty acid levels from 71 women, recruited between 1997 and 1998, were determined using a combination of capillary gas chromatography and silver nitrate thin-layer chromatography. Results indicate that on average cis monounsaturates accounted for 47.9% of total fatty acids, saturates for 32.2%, and linoleic acid for 14.4%. Cis n-3 polyunsaturates represented only 0.7%. Total content of trans fatty acids was 2.32 +/- 0.50%, consisting of trans 18:1 (1.97 +/- 0.49%), trans 18:2 (0.28 +/- 0.08%), and trans 16:1 (0.06 +/- 0.03%). Trans 18:3 isomers were not detectable. The level of trans fatty acids found in adipose tissue of French women was lower than those reported for Canada, the United States, and Northern European countries but higher than that determined in Spain. Therefore, trans fatty acid consumption in France appears to be intermediate between that of the United States or North Europe and that of Spain. Based on the equation of Enig et al., we estimated the mean daily trans 18:1 acid intake of French women at 1.9 g per person. The major trans 18:1 isomer in adipose tissue was delta11 trans, as in ruminant fats. Estimates of relative contribution of trans fatty acid intake were 55% from ruminant fats and 45% from PHVO. This pattern contrasts sharply with those established for Canada and the United States where PHVO is reported to be the major dietary source of trans fatty acids.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2000

[Prognostic factors for survival of ovarian epithelial cancers: apropos of 287 cases].

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate survival and assess prognostic factors in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 287 patients treated between 1975 and 1995. All operations were performed by senior surgeons. Histologic sections were reviewed by the same pathologist. Successive adjuvant chemotherapy regimens are described. Survival was evaluated in 1997. Follow-up lasted 25-260 months (median 90). Statistical methods included Kaplan-Meier survival curves, logrank test and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The five-year survival rates 76%, 42%, 21% and 6% for patients with stage I, II, III and IV disease, respectively. Age, FIGO stage, cytology of ascites, histologic type and grade, extent of surgery and number of residual tumors were significant prognostic indicators in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of mortality was reduced by 57% for patients whose tumor distribution permitted optimal surgery (RR = 0.43, 95% CI [0.29-0.64]; P < 0.001). The risk of mortality according to FIGO stage was 2.8 (95% CI [1.2-6.3]; P = 0.01) for FIGO II, 5.6 (95% CI [2.9-10.8]; P < 0.001) for FIGO III and 10.5 (95% CI [4.9-22.1]; P < 0.001) for FIGO IV in comparison with FIGO I. The risk of mortality for patients treated with alkylating agents, platinum-based combination chemotherapy taxanes or carboplatin plus paclitaxel regimen compared with patients who did not receive treatment was reduced by 47% (95% CI [8%-69%]; P = 0.025), 55% (95% CI [22%-74%]; P = 0.005) and 70% (95% CI [35%-86%]; P = 0.002), respectively. Patients with a serous epithelial carcinoma had a 1.7-fold higher risk of mortality than patients with other histologic types (RR = 1.7, 95% CI [1.1-2.8]; P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the benefit of cytoreductive surgery and the efficacy of platinum plus paclitaxel first-line chemotherapy, which has recently been recognized as the standard treatment for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Maternal transport to the Bordeaux University Hospital: a retrospective study of 263 cases (1996-1998)].

OBJECTIVES: To describe a population of high risk pregnancies transported to a regional perinatal care centre (level III) and to analyze the advantages and limitations of the organization of this perinatal care network. METHODS: Retrospective study of 263 patients transported to the University Hospital of Bordeaux between September 1996 and September 1998. RESULTS: Maternal transport mainly came from the Gironde department (53%) and from level I care hospitals (66%). The rate of multiple pregnancies was 17%. Principal indications were preterm labor with or without rupture of fetal membranes (52%) and preeclampsia with or without intrauterine growth restriction (28%). The rate of returns to the referring care centre was 2%. The mean term at delivery was 32 WA. Forty-one percent of patients delivered within 24 hours of transport. The rate of caesarean sections was 55%. There were 303 live births. The mean duration of hospitalization of the neonates was 28 days. The rate of perinatal mortality was 6.2%. Among the 96 pregnancies beyond 32 WA, 17 (6.5%) could have been transported to some level IIb care hospitals, nearby the patient's residence, without changing maternal and neonatal prognosis. Neonatal mortality was not significantly different for maternel transport (18%) or neonatal transport (14%) in the group of premature infants born prior to 31 WA in our study. CONCLUSION: Our organization is currently trying to improve transport management (non-emergency situations, collaboration of level II care hospitals) and to increase the rate of returns to the referring care centres.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Endometrial thermocoagulation via balloon: technique, mechanism of action, and evaluation].

Thermal balloon endometrial ablation is indicated for women suffering from menorrhagia. This easy technique can be performed safely, without using operative hysteroscopy. The rate of minor complications is low (< 4%). Thermotherapy treats the endometrium and superficial myometrium tissues without risk of injury to the bladder and bowels. The success rate of this operation is 90% in selected patients of studies published between 1996 and 1998, with a follow-up period of 12-24 months. However, long-term randomized controlled studies are needed to compare thermotherapy and other endometrial ablation procedures.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1998

Cervical dysplasia and human immunodeficiency virus infection in women: prevalence and associated factors. Groupe d'Epidémiologie Clinique du SIDA en Aquitaine (GESCA).

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and its association with HIV-I infection, controlling for other risk factors of CIN. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: HIV-1 seropositive (HIV+) and seronegative (HIV-) women were enrolled at the Obstetrics-Gynecologic Departments of the Bordeaux University Hospital from April 1993 to June 1995. A gynecologic check-up was performed with a clinical examination, a colposcopy and a Papanicolaou smear. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) were screened. Colposcopy was interpreted as: normal, low-grade or high-grade lesions. Interpretation of Papanicolaou smears was based on the 1988 Bethesda system using three descriptive diagnoses: normal, low-grade and high-grade Squamous Intraepithelial lesions (SILs). If colposcopy showed a high grade lesion or Papanicolaou smear a high-grade SIL, a cervical biopsy was performed. Absence of CIN was defined by normal Papanicolaou smear and colposcopy. High grade CIN was defined by either identification of high grade SIL on Papanicolaou smear or high grade lesion on colposcopy confirmed by CIN2-3 lesion on biopsy. Other cases were classified as low-grade CIN. HPV infection was diagnosed on presence of koilocytosis on cytological or histological specimens. RESULTS: Prevalence of CIN was significantly higher in the 128 HIV+ women than in the 102 HIV- women: 34.4% vs. 13.7% (O.R.=3.30). Among HIV+ women, 25.8% had low-grade CIN and 8.6% high-grade CIN versus 10.8% and 2.9%, respectively among the HIV- women. Prevalence of HPV infection was 50.0% among women with CIN vs. 5.8% in women without CIN (P= 10(-6)). In the multivariate analysis of the determinants of CIN, smoking more than ten pack-years and HPV infection were the only two variables associated with CIN while association with HIV infection disappeared. Among HIV+ women, the variables associated with CIN were clinical AIDS and HPV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

Axillary lymphadenectomy prepared by fat and lymph node suction in breast cancer.

AIMS: To describe a new technique of axillary dissection and evaluate the results. METHODS: Axillary lymphadenectomy prepared by fat and lymph node suction was performed on 43 patients with breast cancer and uninvolved axilla on physical examination. The mean follow-up was 18 months (range 12-27). After lipolysis and liposuction of the axilla, lymph node dissection was performed by axilloscopy in patients treated with conservative surgery. For patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy, a mastectomy with open axillary dissection was carried out. The axillary space was drained until less than 20 ml of lymphorrhea was being produced per day. Seventeen modified radical mastectomies (group M) and 26 lumpectomies (group L) were performed. RESULTS: No injury of muscles, vessels or nerves was observed. An average of 13.6 lymph nodes (8-31) were removed. In group L, the mean number of lymph nodes removed by liposuction, axilloscopy and control incision was 2.5, 5.4 and 4.2, respectively. In group M, the mean number of lymph nodes removed was 14. None of the 589 lymph nodes examined showed any pathological trauma. Fourteen patients (32%) had more than one histologically positive node. The mean quantity of lymphorrhea was 390 ml in group M and 275 ml in group L. The mean duration of drainage was 6 days in group M and 5 days in group L. Four patients had seromas which required punctures. Two patients had shoulder restriction (movements < 90 degrees) at 12 months. No arm oedema was seen. CONCLUSIONS: Axillary lymphadenectomy prepared by fat and lymph node suction is a reliable and effective procedure. However, it does not appear to be better than standard dissection as regards post-operative complications, except for arm oedema, but this must be confirmed by further studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Evaluation and results of a clinical teaching method in gynecologic semeiology].

OBJECTIVE: To describe a teaching method for students in gynecological semeiology and evaluate the results. METHODS: Theoretical and practical aspects of the course were designed to meet a set of objectives. Theoretical teaching included one or two objectives per class. Clinical examination was initially taught on an anatomical mannikin, then on a patient under general anesthetic. Students were evaluated after four 3-hour classes by means of multiple choice questions (MCQ) and a clinical case report. The course was evaluated by means of a questionnaire, asking the students for their opinion. RESULTS: Twenty-five students out of 31 were tested in 1995-1996. The MCQ results were good with 84% correct answers (78% for first cycle and 89% for second cycle students). It was not possible to assess the clinical case report. The students appreciated the scientific and educational quality of the course, but felt that the sessions were too short and too infrequent. CONCLUSION: This teaching method for students in gynecological semeiology was successful in its first year of application. This experiment may result in the development of a course combining university teaching and practical work leading to a common theory/practical examination.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1997

[Vestibulitis and dyspareunia].

Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome is defined as chronic vulvar erythema involving dyspareunia. Some infectious causes have been suggested, as human papillomavirus. Other known or suspected causes include use of chemicals or other irritants. Sexual active women of the third decade are classically exposed to this syndrome. Dyspareunia is complex with a neurophysiological cause and an emotional outcome. Patients require a medical, surgical or psychological follow-up according to each case.

Dyspareunia↗