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Biomedical subjects

J L Berger

Publications and source records attributed to J L Berger.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Incorporation of the Tidal Model into the interdisciplinary plan of care--a program quality improvement project.

The Tidal Model was utilized in the development and implementation of an Interdisciplinary Care Plan (IPC) on an inpatient psychiatric unit at St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Canada. Recovery, client-centered care and interdisciplinary team function were important concepts that were also integrated in the creation of a new care plan. The Tidal Model honors the person and the person's story. This model focuses on engaging the person rather than an illness, with the goal of understanding the person's present situation and his or her relationship with health and illness. Recovery focuses on moving beyond illness, and client centred care acknowledges clients as participants in their own care. As a program quality improvement initiative, the impact of the new IPC was evaluated. Feedback demonstrated that the IPC had a positive impact on both client and caregiver satisfaction, provided a better understanding of the client's situation, and improved the team's ability to document a care plan that reflected the client's specific goals and the goals of the interdisciplinary team. The outcomes achieved through this project have provided support for the IPC along with the need for further evaluation. Our experience with the Tidal Model and the IPC has given voice to the patient's story and helped facilitate their journey towards recovery.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2001

Stability of skeletal Class II correction with 2 surgical techniques: the sagittal split ramus osteotomy and the total mandibular subapical alveolar osteotomy.

Combined orthodontic and surgical treatment of severe Class II dentoskeletal deformities with the use of the bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy is a routine procedure in orthodontic practices. However, an alternative surgical technique, the total mandibular subapical alveolar osteotomy, could be used for the same purpose. The aim of this investigation was to compare the stability of the sagittal split ramus osteotomy with the total mandibular subapical alveolar osteotomy in the correction of dentoskeletal Class II malocclusions. Forty patients that exhibited Class II dentoskeletal relationships were included in the study. Twenty of these patients had mandibular advancement with the sagittal split ramus osteotomy; the remaining 20 patients had advancement of the whole lower alveolar segment with the total mandibular subapical alveolar osteotomy. The cephalograms studied were taken before the surgical procedure (T1 = 4 weeks before operation), immediately after the procedure (T2 = 10 days after surgery), and 1 year later (T3). The statistical analysis used to assess the results between and within the groups over the different time periods was the analysis of variance. The regression analysis was used to test the interdependence of soft tissue response to hard tissue movement. The results of this study show that both procedures are equally stable when correcting Class II malocclusions. This was proved by the stability of the correction of overjet, B point, and incisor-mandibular plane angle. There were no statistically significant differences between or within the groups in the position of these landmarks over time. There was a statistically significant change in the position of pogonion from T1 to T2 (P <.0028) between the groups, although at T3 this difference was not significant (P <.05). There were no significant changes in face height either within or between the groups over time. The hard/soft tissue interactions for the total mandibular subapical alveolar osteotomy were as follows: The lower lip advanced 60% to the incisor movement; soft tissue B' point responded with a 130% advancement in relation to the change in its hard tissue counterpart. Soft tissue pogonion advanced 90% in relation to the hard tissue landmark. The data suggest that the total mandibular alveolar osteotomy is the treatment of choice for the correction of severe dentoalveolar retrusive Class II malocclusion for which alteration of the mentolabial sulcus is desirable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Stability of bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy: rigid fixation versus transosseous wiring.

Although many improvements have been made in orthodontic surgical procedures for mandibular retrognathism, relapse continues to occur. This study was designed to compare the stability of rigid and nonrigid fixation between 2 groups of patients who had undergone mandibular advancement surgery via sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Retrospective cephalometric measurements were made on 54 randomly selected orthognathic surgical patients. The patients, 7 males and 47 females, were divided into 2 groups: 28 patients stabilized by means of rigid fixation and 26 patients fixated with interosseous wires. The age of the patients ranged from 15.3 to 49.7 years. Lateral cephalograms were used to evaluate each patient at 3 distinct intervals: 7.0 +/- 2.0 days before surgery (T1), 34.4 +/- 15.0 days postsurgery (T2), and 458 +/- 202 days after sagittal split osteotomy (T3). Eighteen linear and angular measurements were recorded and differences between the 3 time periods were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the differences in the 2 fixation types between and within each group at different time intervals. The following measurements showed statistically significant skeletal relapse over time, for the P value.0028: Co-Go, ANS-Xi-Pm, IMPA, overbite, and overjet. The remaining variables showed no statistically significant relapse. The only measurement that showed a statistically significant group difference between T1 and T2 was DC-Xi-Pm. Results of the study led to the following conclusions: there was statistically significant relapse in mandibular length, lower anterior face height, mandibular arc, lower incisor inclination, overbite, and overjet in each group, regardless of the type of fixation. The potential was greater for relapse in patients stabilized with transosseous wiring. Although multifactorial, relapse in overbite and overjet may be a combination of skeletal and dental changes. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2000;118:397-403).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Photographic analysis of facial changes associated with maxillary expansion.

Previous studies on the effects of surgical and rapid palatal expansion have been largely based on general skeletal and dental findings ascertained from radiographs and casts. The aim of this study was to measure and compare the soft tissue changes of the face during the expansion process and to determine the stability of any changes 1 year later. The sample consisted of 44 patients with unilateral or bilateral posterior crossbites. Twenty-four of the patients required a surgically assisted expansion procedure, and a second group of 20 patients were treated with orthopedic expansion. Ten measurements were made from standardized frontal facial photographic slides at 5 intervals of treatment: initial, bond appliance, stop expansion, debond appliance, and 1 year retention. Differences over time between the surgical and nonsurgical groups were analyzed by a 2 way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and post hoc t tests. Differences between initial and 1 year retention were found in the nasal widths (P <.001) of both surgical and nonsurgical groups. Other significant changes and trends were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Stability of orthopedic and surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion over time.

At the present time no reports are available on the stability between orthopedic and surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion. This study was designed to examine and compare the dental and skeletal changes over time for both orthopedic maxillary expansion and surgically assisted palatal expansion. The study was divided into two groups. Group one was orthopedically expanded and consisted of 14 males and 10 females. The ages ranged from 6 years to 12 years with a mean of 8.5 years. Group two received surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion and consisted of 12 males and 16 females with ages ranging from 13 years to 35 years and a mean age of 19.25 years. All 52 subjects were white, from the same geographic area, and were treated by the same two operators. Dental models and posterior anterior cephalograms were obtained immediately before and after expansion, at removal of the expansion device, and 1 year after removal of the appliance. A repeated measures analysis of variance test was applied to assess changes over time between groups. The surgical and nonsurgical techniques displayed similar trends over time although the surgical group contained a greater quantity of expansion. Both the orthopedic and the surgical groups showed stable results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Purification of glucoamylase from Lactobacillus amylovorus ATCC 33621.

An intracellular glucoamylase (E.C. 3.2.1.3) was purified to homogeneity from Lactobacillus amylovorus on a Fast Protein liquid chromatography System (FPLC) with a Mono Q ion-exchanger and two Superose 12 gel filtration columns arranged in series. The enzyme activity was quantified with a specific, chromogenic substrate, p-nitrophenyl-beta-maltoside. Preparative gel electrophoresis was then used to further purify active enzyme fractions. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native-PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the purified enzyme showed a single protein band of molecular weight 47 kDa. Glucoamylase activity of the purified protein was confirmed by its ability to degrade starch on a 0.025% starch-polyacrylamide gel stained with I2/KI. Glucoamylase exhibited optimum catalytic activity at pH 6.0 and 45 degrees C, and the enzyme had an isoelectric point near 4.39. The glucoamylase contained high levels of hydrophilic amino acids, comparable to fungal glucoamylases.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Identification of new enzyme activities of several strains of Thermus species.

New thermostable enzyme activities of seven Thermus strains were compared using the API ZYM system. All the strains exhibited high levels of alpha- and beta-glycosidases, esterase (C4) and esterase-lipase (C8) activities intracellularly. Only T. thermophilus HB8 (ATCC 27634) showed alpha-glucosidase and esterase activities in the supernatant. According to the intensity of beta-galactosidase activity, Thermus strains were divided in three groups. Group 0, which showed a weak beta-galactosidase activity, included Thermus spp. ATCC 31674 (T351) and 27978 (X-1) as well as T. thermophilus ATCC 27634 (HB8). Group I which consisted of T. aquaticus ATCC 25104 (YT-1), ATCC 25105 (Y-VII-51B) and Thermus sp. ATCC 27737 (T2), had a specific activity of approximately 40.0 U mg-1 and galactose as inducer. T. aquaticus ATCC 31558 (group 2) was particularly effective for beta-galactosidase production (2840 U) with a specific activity of 98 U mg-1. For each strain, galactose (0.5%) was a better inducer of beta-galactosidase production than lactose (1%). The detection of beta-galactosidase activity was dependent on the derivative chromogenic substrates used (naphthyl or nitrophenol coupled to sugar). Oligosaccharides were synthesized from cellobiose, lactulose, maltose or lactose as substrates at high temperature in some strains of Thermus.

Esterases↗
PubMed1995

Platelet rebound effect of alcohol withdrawal and wine drinking in rats. Relation to tannins and lipid peroxidation.

We investigated in rats fed a purified diet for 2 and 4 months whether wine drinking was associated with the rebound effect on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation observed after alcohol withdrawal. With 6% ethanol drinking or its equivalent in red or white wine, platelet aggregation was reduced similarly by 70% when the animals drank the alcoholic beverages up to the venipuncture. Depriving the rats of alcoholic beverages for 18 hours was associated with an increase in the platelet response of 124% in those receiving 6% ethanol, of 46% with white wine but a decrease of 59% in those with red wine. The protective effect of red wine on platelets could be reproduced by tannins (procyanidins) extracted from grape seeds or red wine and added to 6% ethanol, but not by glycerol or wine without alcohol. That was related to inhibition of the alcohol-induced lipid peroxidation as shown by the lowering of conjugated dienes, lipid peroxides, and the increase in vitamin E in plasma. Owing to tannins, the platelets of rats drinking red wine did not exhibit the rebound effect observed hours after alcohol drinking, eventually associated with sudden death and stroke in humans.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1994

Characterization of dairy-related Bifidobacterium spp. based on their beta-galactosidase electrophoretic patterns.

Numerical analysis of phenotypic characteristics based on enzymatic activity and carbohydrate fermentation allowed the discrimination of most strains of bifidobacteria of animal origin from those of human origin. Strains of bifidobacteria studied were separated into nine groups based on numerical analysis. Three groups contained most strains of animal origin, three groups comprised both strains of animal and human origin, and three groups were strictly composed of strains of human origin. The results indicate that one group of animal origin (group II) contained all reference strains of Bifidobacterium animals and 10 strains isolated from fermented milks or commercial preparations. Although numerical analysis of enzymatic activities and carbohydrate fermentation patterns allowed the differentiation of 'wild' strains of B. animalis and B. longum isolated from commercial preparations, this method failed to confirm the species. In the present study, the determination of electrophoretic patterns of beta-galactosidases resulted in the development of a new technique for the differentiation of Bifidobacterium species. Several isoenzymes of beta-galactosidase were detected among strains of bifidobacteria. Each species had a specific electrophoretic pattern. The detection of beta-galactosidase by electrophoresis is a new tool for distinguishing between dairy- and non-dairy-related bifidobacteria. Dairy-related bifidobacteria (B. bifidum, B. breve, B. infantis and B. longum) as well as B. animalis could be better differentiated from other bifidobacteria by comparison of their beta-galactosidase electrophoretic patterns, rather than by numerical analysis of their phenotypic characteristics.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Loco-regional anesthesia for surgery of limbs].

This article is a review of recent data concerning: plexus and peripheral nerve blocks for the upper and lower limbs, intravenous regional anesthesia, and medullary, epidural and spinal anaesthesia. We have focused on the advantages and disadvantages of each technique which should be taken into account for their selection. Regional anaesthesia techniques are not without risks, and advantages are perhaps not as obvious now as was reported in the past, especially in the case of medullary spinal or peridural anaesthesia.

Anesthesia, Conduction↗
PubMed1990

The influence of the SPEED bracket's self-ligating design on force levels in tooth movement: a comparative in vitro study.

In the SPEED bracket system the arch wire is retained in the arch wire slot by means of a built-in, escape-proof, flexible spring clip. Unlike the traditional edgewise bracket, it requires no ligature tie, thus ostensibly reducing the frictional force generated by the more-established elastomeric or steel-tie ligature systems. An in vitro study was designed to compare the level of force required to move four distinct arch wires a similar distance, on six occasions, through four ligated bracket systems and the self-ligated SPEED bracket. The results consistently demonstrated a significant decrease in the force level required for the SPEED bracket with all four arch wires when compared with elastomeric and steel-tie ligation in both metal and plastic bracket systems.

Dental Stress Analysis↗